• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.85-88
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of active abduction exercise of the great toe on the medial and lateral sesamoid bones in hallux valgus (HV) patients by measuring radiography. Methods: In this study 27 young subjects were separated into two groups (normal group and HV group). Two pictures were taken by radiography while maintaining resting and while holding maximal active abduction of the great toe in sitting position on an x-ray table. All radiographs were used to measure the distance of the medial and lateral sesamoid bone from the longitudinal axis of the first metatarsal bone, respectively. Paired t-test was used for analysis of the resting and active abduction exercise in groups. Independent t-test was used to evaluate statistical significance between normal group and HV group. The statistical significance level was p<0.05. Results: In active abduction exercise of the normal group, distance of the medial and lateral sesamoid bones was not significantly different compared to resting condition. In active abduction exercise of the HV group, change of distance of the medial and lateral sesamoid bones showed statistically significant difference compared to resting condition. The distance between the medial sesamoid bone showed a more significant decrease in the HV vs. normal group, while the distance between the lateral sesamoid bone was significantly greater in the HV vs. normal group. Conclusion: These findings suggest that active abduction exercises, to reduce or prevent deterioration of the HV angle, should be considered for sesamoid bone displacement to improve muscle balance in the great toe.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.231-240
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• 2009

Purpose：The aim of this study was to determine the effect of active sling exercise on shoulder subluxation in hemiplegic patients. Methods：Twenty persons with shoulder subluxation were randomly divided into two groups; the experimental group(10 persons) and the control group(10 persons). Usual physical therapy and occupational therapy were applied in all groups in a day for 4 weeks. Additionally the experimental group was received 30 minutes sling active exercise (flexion, extention, adduction, abduction, intenal rotation, external rotation, horizontal adduction, horizontal abduction) for shoulder joint in a day for 4 weeks. I investigated the therapeutic effect of sling exercise through the Wolf motor function test (WMFT), Quantitative radiographic measurements and range of motion test at pre and post intervention period. Results：The passive range of motion was significantly increased in the experimental group compare with the control group. However, the active range of motion was no statistically significantly difference in both of the experimental and the control group. The level of WMFT was significantly decreased in the experimental group compared with control group. Although, there was no significantly difference the degree of the shoulder subluxation was more decreased in experimental group than control group. Conclusion：Taken together, these results suggest that sling exercise could be beneficial therapeutic method for hemiplegic shoulder. But to generalize it, more study and exercise program might be needed to confirm its availability.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.81-88
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• 2013

Active straight-leg raise (ASLR) is a physical evaluation procedure to test lumbar spine stability. Several previous studies have reported various methods to control the activation of abdominal muscles during ASLR. We investigated the effects of three different hip positions in frontal plane on abdominal muscles to increase or decrease the difficulty level of lumbar spine stability exercise during ASLR in pain free subjects. Eleven young and healthy subjects voluntarily participated in this study (6 men, 5 women; mean age=$24.0{\pm}1.2$ years, height=$160.0{\pm}7.3cm$, weight=$55.0{\pm}10.6kg$, body mass index=$21.5{\pm}2.3kg/m^2$). The subjects had three trials on each ASLR with hip $10^{\circ}$ adduction, neutral hip, and hip $30^{\circ}$ abduction. Separate repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the post hoc Bonferroni tests (with ${\alpha}$=.05/3=.017) were performed for each muscle among the three different hip positions in frontal plane (ASLR with hip $10^{\circ}$ adduction, neutral hip, and hip $30^{\circ}$ abduction). The ipsilateral external oblique (EO), contralateral EO, ipsilateral internal oblique/transverse abdominis (IO/TrA), and contralateral IO/TrA were significantly greater in ASLR with hip $30^{\circ}$ abduction compared with ASLR with hip $10^{\circ}$ adduction. Also, the ipsilateral EO, contralateral EO, and ipsilateral IO/TrA were significantly greater in ASLR with hip $30^{\circ}$ abduction compared with ASLR with neutral hip. These results suggest that ASLR with hip $30^{\circ}$ abduction and neutral would be useful method to strengthen the EO and IO/TrA. And, ASLR with hip $10^{\circ}$ adduction would be effective in early stages of lumbar stabilization program due to low activation of EO and IO/TrA during maintaining of ASLR position with low load.

• Journal of Korean Medicine Rehabilitation
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.155-167
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• 2005

Objectives : The purpose of this study is evaluate of the effect of Dong-gi Acupuncture(DGA) on rehabilitation after stroke. Methods : 32 patients who had a stroke of paralysis were randomized into two groups. 17 patients were treated with DGA on sound side combined active or passive exercise on affected side. The other 15 patients were exclusive DGA group and the method retaining needles on acupoints of affected side for about 20 minutes were applied. We evaluated by Manual muscle test, Range Of Motion(ROM), Visual Analog Scale(VAS) and Modified Barthel index(MBI) before treatment, after 10 days and after 20 days. Results : In terms of power of lower limb, active ROM of shoulder abduction and MBI, the sample group showed statistically significant improve. In terms of power of lower limb ROM of hip joint abduction and affected side pain, significant difference between two groups was not shown. Conclusions : In this clinical study, Dong-gi Acupuncture therapy can be used for improving the power of upper limb, active ROM of shoulder abduction and MBI score after hemiplegic stroke.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.213-220
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• 2023

Purpose : The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of each lower trapezius muscle exercise performed according to the abduction position (Y type - shoulder joint abduction 145 °, T type - shoulder joint abduction 90 °, and MPC type - shoulder joint 45 ° abduction) of the shoulder joint on the muscle activity of the round shoulder and lower trapezius muscle. Methods : This study was conducted on 31 adult men and women. Through random assignment, they were assigned to the Y group, T group, and MPC group. A 4-week intervention was performed for each group of 31 subjects who participated in the experiment, and shoulder height and lower trapezius muscle activity were measured before and after the intervention. Shoulder height measurement is a test to measure rounded shoulder posture. When the value is low, it means that rounded shoulder posture is improved. The muscle activity of the lower trapezius muscle was measured using the %MVIC method, and when the value is high, it means that the lower trapezius muscle is active. All measured data were verified using dependent t-tests for before and after comparisons and one-way analysis of variance for comparisons between groups. Results : The results of this study showed a significant decrease after intervention only in shoulder height. Muscle activity of the lower trapezius muscle decreased after intervention, but did not show a significant difference. Both variables showed no significant differences between groups. Conclusion : The results of this study show that three lower trapezius muscle exercises were performed on subjects in rounded shoulder posture. All three groups showed a significant decrease in the shoulder height value, a method of measuring rounded shoulder posture, and no significant differences between groups could be confirmed. Therefore, all three exercises can be considered effective in reducing shoulder posture.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Orthopedic Manual Physical Therapy
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.83-86
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• 2012

Background: The research examined the effect of a scapular stabilizing exercise on shoulder pain, active range of motion (AROM) and changes in the position of the shoulder blade of patients with frozen shoulder. Methods: General physical therapy and a scapular stabilizing exercise were applied to a 53-year-old female patient with frozen shoulder three times a week for four weeks. Before and after the therapy, measurements were made on the visual analog scale (VAS) and of the AROM, and a lateral scapular slide test was conducted. Results: Following the therapy, VAS fell from 7 to 3. Before therapy, flexion, abduction, internal rotation, and external rotation recorded $133^{\circ}$, $102^{\circ}$, $45^{\circ}$, and $53^{\circ}$ respectively; after the therapy they increased to $150^{\circ}$, $123^{\circ}$, $55^{\circ}$, and $65^{\circ}$ respectively. The lateral scapular slide test showed sliding distances before therapy of 8.5cm at $0^{\circ}$, 9.2cm at $45^{\circ}$, and 11.3cm at $90^{\circ}$; after therapy, the distances decreased to 6.8 cm at $0^{\circ}$, 8.2 cm at $45^{\circ}$, and 9cm at $90^{\circ}$. Conclusion: The scapular stabilizing exercise was effective in alleviating shoulder pain, increasing AROM, and reducing changes in the position of the shoulder blade of frozen shoulder patients.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.41-45
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• 2004

In adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder of no response to nonoperative treatment, an arthroscopic capsular release and manipulation improves range of motion and pain relief. We performed an arthroscopic examination in the stiff shoulder, of which she had no response to nonoperative treatment, after the conservative treatment of a clavicular shaft fracture by motorcycle-driver traffic accident. We found the intra-articular 'rotator interval bridging scar adhesion' between subscapularis tendon and antero-superior glenoid fossa under the rotator interval which was no adhesion and contracture itself. We performed the scar adhesion removal and synovectomy, maintaining the rotator interval. We recommended nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug for postoperative pain relief and continuous active and passive range of motion (ROM) exercise to gain motions. Preoperatively, active and passive range of motion were 70° for forward elevation, 60° for abduction and especially 0° for external rotation. After postoperative 2 months, active ROM were 150° for forward elevation, 130° for abduction and 80° for external rotation. After postoperative 6 months, passive and active ROM were full. UCLA score improved from preoperative 9 points to postoperative 29 points.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.85-94
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• 2018

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to determine the effects of therapeutic exercise on range of motion (ROM), the manual muscle test (MMT), functional movement screen (FMS) and radiological evaluation in a youth football player with football-specific anterior pelvic tilt (APT). METHODS: The subject of this case report was a 12-year-old youth football player, who presented with football-specific APT. Therapeutic exercise consisted of hamstring stretch, prone hip extension, abdominal crunch, bridging with isometric hip abduction, plank exercise with posterior tilt and posterior pelvic tilting exercise using a swiss-ball for 40 min/day, twice a week for 8-weeks. ROM, MMT, FMS (deep squat, hurdle step, inline lunge, shoulder mobility, active straight-leg raise, rotary stability and trunk stability push-up) and radiographs (lumbar lordotic and sacral horizontal angle) were analyzed before and after week 8 of therapeutic exercise. RESULTS: The ROM, MMT, and FMS increased and the lumbar lordotic angle and sacral horizontal angle improved after 8-weeks of therapeutic exercise. CONCLUSION: The results of this case report suggest that therapeutic exercise improves ROM, MMT and radiography associated parameters in youth football players with football-specific APT. These findings have clinical implications for therapeutic exercise in youth football players with football-specific APT.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.52-61
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• 2024

Background Although prepectoral implant-based breast reconstruction has recently gained popularity, dual-plane reconstruction is still a better option for patients with poor-quality mastectomy skin flaps. However, shoulder morbidity is aggravated by subpectoral reconstruction, especially in irradiated patients. This study aimed to demonstrate shoulder exercise improvement in subpectoral reconstruction by delayed prepectoral conversion with an acellular dermal matrix (ADM) inlay graft technique at the time of expander-to-implant exchange after irradiation. Methods Patients with breast cancer treated for expander-to-implant exchange after subpectoral expander insertion and subsequent radiotherapy between January 2021 and June 2022 were enrolled. An ADM inlay graft was inserted between the pectoralis major muscle and the previously inserted ADM. The ADM was sutured partially overlapping the pectoralis muscle from the medial side with the transition part, to the muscle border at the lateral side. Perioperative shoulder joint active range-of-motion (ROM) for forward flexion, abduction, and external rotation was also evaluated. Results A total of 35 patients were enrolled in the study. Active shoulder ROM significantly improved from 163 degrees preoperatively to 176 degrees postoperatively in forward flexion, 153 to 175 degrees in abduction, and 69 to 84 degrees in external rotation. There was no difference in patient satisfaction regarding the final outcome between the conventional prepectoral reconstruction group and the study group. Conclusion Shoulder exercises in irradiated patients who underwent subpectoral reconstruction were improved by delayed prepectoral conversion using an ADM inlay graft. It is recommended that subpectoral reconstruction not be ruled out due to concerns regarding muscle contracture and shoulder morbidity in radiation-planned patients with poor mastectomy skin flaps.

• 한국체육학회지인문사회과학편
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• v.56 no.5
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• pp.665-677
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• 2017

This study aimed to examine the evolution of exercise performance and medical assessments in U-12 youth football players. Participants were recruited from an youth football players (YFG, n=15; $11.2{\pm}0.9yrs$) and normal youth (CON, n=15; $11.5{\pm}0.6yrs$). Both groups were tested for exercise performance (health related physical fitness, skill related physical fitness, functional movement screen; FMS and Y-balance) and medical assessments (lower extremity alignment, range of motion; ROM and manual muscle test; MMT). YFG showed a positive effects on pacer in health related physical fitness, 50-m run and Single-leg standing with eyes closed in skill related physical fitness, active straight leg raise and rotary stability in FMS, non-dominant composite score in Y-balance, respectively compared to CON. However, YFG showed a negative effects on Q-angle of dominant and non-dominant in lower extremity alignment, dorsiflexion of non-dominant, plantarflexion of dominant and non-dominan in ROM, hip extension and abduction, knee flexion and extension of dominant, knee flexion and extension of non-dominant in MMT, respectively compared to CON. These results indicated that U-12 youth football players have shown excellent exercise performance, but medical assessments has proved negative effects.