• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• 제25권8호
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• pp.698-705
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• 2024

Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) accounts for approximately 30% of new breast cancer diagnoses. However, our understanding of how normal breast tissue evolves into DCIS and invasive cancers remains insufficient. Further, conclusions regarding the mechanisms of disease progression in terms of histopathology, genetics, and radiology are often conflicting and have implications for treatment planning. Moreover, the increase in DCIS diagnoses since the adoption of organized breast cancer screening programs has raised concerns about overdiagnosis and subsequent overtreatment. Active monitoring, a nonsurgical management strategy for DCIS, avoids surgery in favor of close imaging follow-up to de-escalate therapy and provides more treatment options. However, the two major challenges in active monitoring are identifying occult invasive cancer and patients at risk of invasive cancer progression. Subsequently, four prospective active monitoring trials are ongoing to determine the feasibility of active monitoring and refine the patient eligibility criteria and follow-up intervals. Radiologists play a major role in determining eligibility for active monitoring and reviewing surveillance images for disease progression. Trial results published over the next few years would support a new era of multidisciplinary DCIS care.

• 정보처리학회논문지A
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• 제18A권4호
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• pp.151-158
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• 2011

다양한 산업의 기업들은 비용 절감과 판매 촉진을 목적으로 물류 관리 기법들을 도입하여 왔으나, 물류 환경이 급변함에 따라서 적절한 물품을 빠르고(Speedy), 안전하고(Safely), 확실하고(Surely), 저렴하게(low) 고객에게 제공하는 물류 관리의 기본적인 3S 1L 원칙의 균형이 물류 실행 중에 지켜지지 않아서 기업에 위해를 입히는 현상이 확인되었다. 이러한 현상을 관리하기 위해서는 기업은 물류 환경에 유연하게 대응하는 위험 대처 능력이 절대적으로 필요하다. 특히 3자 물류 형태에서 공급망 위험관리의 주요 의사결정자인 화주의 지속적인 물류 정보 수집과 물류업체와의 정보 교류가 요구된다. 하지만 기존의 위험 관리 시스템은 다양한 화주의 요구, 긴급한 위험 상황에서 신속한 위험 인지와 대응을 하기에 미흡하다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 이러한 문제점을 해결하기 위하여 기존 위험관리 연구를 고찰하여 위험 요인을 정리하고 능동적 공급망 위험관리 시스템 프레임워크를 제시하였다. 또한 기존 시스템과의 대응 활동을 비교한 안정성 검사를 통해 효율성을 검증하였다.

• 기본간호학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.522-530
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• 2008

Purpose: In this study active surveillance culture for ICU patients, in whom the risk of VRE infection was high were conducted, and through this the VRE colonization rate and the characteristics of the colonization were examined and risk factors involved in VRE colonization and acquisition were analyzed. Method: This research was performed with 635 patients admitted to ICU between July 1 and December 31, 2006. Results: On admission to ICU, the VRE colonization rate was 2.36%, 93% identified from active surveillance culture. The VRE colonization rate was significantly higher in those patients with cancer (OR=9.43; 95% CI=1.38${\sim}$62.50; P=.022), liver cirrhosis (OR=55.5; 95% CI=7.29${\sim}$500; P=.005), transferred from other hospitals (OR=200; 95% CI=22.73${\sim}$1000; P=.000), high APACHE II score (OR=1.107; 95% CI=1.010${\sim}$1.213; P=.029), or antibiotics within the last 3 months (OR=15.87; 95% CI=2.27${\sim}$111.11; P=.005). The VRE acquisition rate was 5.2%. It was significantly higher in those who were using a ventilator (OR=26.31; 95% CI=5.13${\sim}$142.86; P=.000), three or more kinds of antibiotics during admission (OR=58.82; 95% CI=16.13${\sim}$200; P=.000), or high APACHE II score (OR=1.16; 95% CI=1.08${\sim}$ 1.24; P=.000). Conclusion: The results of this study show that active surveillance culture can detect VRE colonization on admission to ICU and those who have acquired VRE in ICU. The analyzed VRE colonization and risk factors of VRE acquisition are expected to be useful in establishing guidelines for preventing VRE infection in ICU.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.121-134
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• 2004

A research project was conducted to study work-related musculoskeletal disorders （MSDs） at subway train repair plant in Korea. The project was consisted of 4 main parts; education on the topics of MSDs for all workers, symptom survey, medical check-up, investigation of MSD risk factors. The result of symptom survey showed that 95.2％ of the respondents complained pains on at least one part of the body. After cross-sectional analysis of various information and risk factors, 86.8％ of respondents were considered as active health surveillance level 1 that require continuous monitoring on their symptoms and working conditions. And 57.1％ of the respondents were considered as active health surveillance level 2 that needed medical check-ups for proper medical treatment. The analysis of occupational risk factors revealed that handling of heavy object (46.15％) and repeated awkward postures (46.15％) were two most contributing risk factors for the on-set of MSD at this work site followed by static strain (7.7％), and vibration and impact (3.8％). Medical examination was performed by an industrial medicine MD on 156 workers those considered as active health surveillance level 2. The result showed that 35 workers (20.7％) were considered as MSD patient group at severe level, and 68.6 workers (68.6％) were considered as moderate group and 18 workers (10.6％) were considered minor or normal group those have no symptom.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.47-57
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• 2019

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to analyze the factors related to sarcopenic obesity among the elderly in South Korea. SUBJECTS/METHODS: A total of 3,367 elderly (${\geq}65years$) from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2008-2011) were included in this analysis. The subjects were assessed to determine their sarcopenia and obesity status. Sarcopenia was assessed by determining their appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASM). Obesity was defined by the waist circumference. An association of sarcopenic obesity and the related factors was analyzed using multiple logistic regression models. RESULTS: The risk of sarcopenic obesity of the subjects was decreased by active physical activity. After adjusting for age, smoking, and alcohol consumption, the risk of sarcopenic obesity in men of the highest level group (Q4) decreased by 45% (OR = 0.550, 95% CI = 0.334-0.905, P trend 0.018) compared to that in the reference group (Q1). Among the women, the risk of sarcopenic obesity in the Q3 and Q4 groups decreased by 29.0% (OR = 0.710, 95% CI = 0.512-0,984) and 56.7% (OR = 0.433, 95% CI = 0.281-0.668), respectively, compared to that in the Q1 group (P trend < 0.001). The mean daily energy intake was higher in the non-sarcopenia group than in the sarcopenia group. The risk of sarcopenic obesity in subjects not meeting the recommended intakes of energy, riboflavin, and vitamin C increased significantly by 25.4%, and 36.6%, and 32.6%, respectively, compared to that in the subjects meeting the recommended nutrient intake. CONCLUSION: Active physical activity as well as an adequate intake of energy and some vitamins might be negatively associated with the development of sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity in the elderly.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제8권5호
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• pp.839-850
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• 2021

Risk-adjusted return is believed to be one of the optimal parameters to determine an optimum portfolio. A risk-adjusted return is a calculation of the profit or potential profit from an investment that takes into account the degree of risk that must be accepted to achieve it. This paper presents a new procedure in portfolio selection and utilizes these results to optimize the risk level of risk-adjusted Islamic stock portfolios. It deals with the weekly close price of active issuers listed on Jakarta Islamic Index Indonesia for a certain time interval. Overall, this paper highlights portfolio selection, which includes determining the number of stocks, grouping the issuers via technical analysis, and selecting the best risk-adjusted return of portfolios. The nominated portfolio is modeled using Quadratic Programming (QP). The result of this study shows that the portfolio built using the lowest Value at Risk (VaR) outperforms the market proxy on a risk-adjusted basis of M-squared and was chosen as the best portfolio that can be optimized using QP with a minimum risk of 2.86%. The portfolio with the lowest beta, on the other hand, will produce a minimum risk that is nearly 60% lower than the optimal risk-adjusted return portfolio. The results of QP are well verified by a heuristic optimizer of fmincon.

• 대한교통학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.19-28
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• 2006

항공수요의 급속한 팽창으로 항공기 운항의 증가와 공역 및 활주로의 혼잡도 심화로 인해 운영상 위험(Operational risk)이 급증하고 있어 체계적인 항공안전에 대한 위기관리시스템의 구축이 필요하다 항공안전 분야의 선진국일수록 평상시 비상대응체계 및 여러 가지 위험관리기법을 가동함으로써 조직의 긴장감 유지 및 예방안전의 도구로 활용하고 있다. 따라서 항공운송산업의 안전에 대해 총괄적인 관리 감독의 의무가 있는 항공안전본부 차원에서 이와 같은 과학적인 위기관리 모형을 이용한 위기관리체계의 도입이 필요하다. 위험요인분석 기법들은 데이터베이스가 구축되어 있거나, 충분한 정보와 자료가 있는 경우에는 사용될 수 있으나 현재의 국내 여건 상 충분한 자료의 확보가 곤란하여 실용적으로 사용되기가 어려운 것이 현실이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 현재의 제한된 자료를 사용하여 실현가능 한 위험관리모형을 제시하기 위해 위험인자를 선정하고 각 위험인자에 대한 중요도와 발생빈도를 계산한 후 위험관리 모형을 제시하였다 이러한 위험관리 모형을 통해 항공운송분야에서 주기적 위험관리를 효과적으로 시행하기 위해서는 반드시 국가차원의 광범위한 자료의 수집이 선행되어야 한다.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.48-54
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• 2010

The analysis of the seismic risk of an offshore structure with a control device is presented. First, a probability density function was developed to represent seismic hazard, and seismic fragility under artificial earthquake conditions was determined. Fragility curves for an offshore structure with both passive and active control devices were determined. Displacement criteria were set to evaluate the performance of the structure. Based on numerical analysis, the seismic risk to the structure was considerably reduced when the structure had a seismic control device. The seismic risk to the actively controlled structure was decreased by 80% compared to the uncontrolled case. Reasonable performance evaluations of offshore structure with control devices can be conducted through risk analysis.

• 무역상무연구
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• 제30권
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• pp.59-88
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• 2006

After sources of risks are identical and measured, a decision can be made as to how the risk should be handled. A pure risk that is not identical does not disappear ; the business merely loses the opportunity to consciously decide on the best technique for dealing with that risk. The process used to systematically manage risk exposures is known as risk management. Risk management is the logical process used by business firms and individuals to deal with their exposures to loss. It is a strategy of preloss planning for postloss resources. Besides, in the enterprise judiciary researches the textbook and the instance which relate risks, and reflects it to the written contract provision and various every manuel or holds seminar. It is a risk management which this talks generally. Here it stands but it becomes a problem the quality of type and countermeasure of risks. The purpose of this paper aims to explain adequate preventions to positively predict the risk this before being materialized, in practical section which is directly exposed to these risks in introducing international sale contracts(for example, the FOB and CIF contract) and the active management method of the risk which accompanys to the execution. And also analyzes the Lite-On case which relates with an international sale contracts.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2010

The Finnish risk assessment practice is based on the Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) Act aiming to improve working conditions in order maintain the employees' work ability, and to prevent occupational accidents and diseases. In practice there are hundreds of risk assessment methods in use. A simple method is used in small and medium sized enterprises and more complex risk evaluation methods in larger work places. Does the risk management function in the work places in Finland? According to our experience something more is needed. That is, understanding of common and company related benefits of risk management. The wider conclusion is that commitment for risk assessment in Finland is high enough. However, in those enterprises where OSH management was at an acceptable level or above it, there were also more varied and more successfully accomplished actions to remove or reduce the risks than in enterprises, where OSH management was in lower level. In risk assessment it is important to process active technical prevention and exact communication, increase work place attraction and increase job satisfaction and motivation. Investments in OSH are also good business. Low absenteeism due to illness or accidents increases directly the production results by improved quality and quantity of the product. In general Finnish studies have consistently shown that the return of an invested euro is three to seven-old. In national level, according to our calculations the savings could be even 20% of our gross national product.