• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.199-208
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• 2017

Lithium polymer batteries are used in energy storage systems (ESS), electric vehicles (EVs), etc. due to their high safety, fast charging and long lifecycle, and now they are used in agricultural drones. However, when overcharging and overdischarging, the lithium-polymer battery is destroyed in the gap structure in the lithium-ion battery and the battery life is reduced. In order to prevent overcharge and overdischarge, uneven cell voltage Cell balancing system is needed. In this paper, a fuzzy controller suitable for nonlinear systems is proposed by detecting the unbalanced cells by detecting the voltage difference between charging and discharging of each cell, and suggesting the applied cell balancing algorithm. In this paper, we have designed the cell balancing of the battery pack of agricultural drones by fuzzy control and it is designed for equal control between cells. As a final result, we checked whether cell balancing is good, and when there are two cells, Cell balancing was confirmed. We tested whether it could be used for other products. As a result, we confirmed that cell balancing is good regardless of the number of cells used.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Power Electronics
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.321-329
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• 2015

The static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) of cascaded H-bridge configuration accompanying multiple separate DC sides is inherently subject to the problem of uneven DC voltages. These DC voltages in one leg can be controlled by adjusting the AC-side output voltage of each cell inverter, which is proportional to the active power. However, when the phase current is extremely small, large AC-side voltage is required to generate the active power to balance the cell voltages. In this study, an alternative zero-sequence current injection method is proposed, which facilitates effective cell balancing controllers at no load, and has no effect on the power grid because the injected zero sequence current only flows within the STATCOM delta circuit. The performance of the proposed method is verified through simulation and experiments.

• Proceedings of the KIPE Conference
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• 2010.07a
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• pp.228-229
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• 2010

This paper presents an active voltage balancing approach using a forward fly-back power converter. In the proposed balancing scheme, cell with the higher voltage is selected to extract the extra energy and then a proportion of this extracted energy is distributed to other supercapacitors via the proposed circuit. A system structure consisting of five supercapacitors is built up to verify operation of the proposed scheme.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.379-384
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• 2012

This paper presents the power source of wireless sensor node (WSN) using supercapacitors and a solar cell. Supercapacitors have high lifetime cycling compared to that of batteries. Supercapacitors are connected in series to achieve higher voltage and a voltage balancing circuit is required to ensure that no individual cell goes overvoltage. We employ an active balancing circuit that draws minimal current by using transistors. A diode is connected in series with each supercapacitor. A new balancing circuit that equalize the cells-voltage reduces energy consumption of supercapacitors. Voltage of operating WSN is applied 2.2-3.3V by DC/DC converter and supercapacitor voltage 2.2-5.1V. Maximum operating time of wireless sensor node is about 16 hours in full charging.

• Journal of Power Electronics
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.569-583
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• 2013

In this study, the simultaneous use of a multi-level converter (MLC) as a DC-motor drive and as an active battery cell balancer is investigated. MLCs allow each battery cell in a battery pack to be independently switched on and off, thereby enabling the potential non-uniform use of battery cells. By exploiting this property and the brake regeneration phases in the drive cycle, MLCs can balance both the state of charge (SoC) and temperature differences between cells, which are two known causes of battery wear, even without reciprocating the coolant flow inside the pack. The optimal control policy (OP) that considers both battery pack temperature and SoC dynamics is studied in detail based on the assumption that information on the state of each cell, the schedule of reciprocating air flow and the future driving profile are perfectly known. Results show that OP provides significant reductions in temperature and in SoC deviations compared with the uniform use of all cells even with uni-directional coolant flow. Thus, reciprocating coolant flow is a redundant function for a MLC-based cell balancer. A specific contribution of this paper is the derivation of a state-space electro-thermal model of a battery submodule for both uni-directional and reciprocating coolant flows under the switching action of MLC, resulting in OP being derived by the solution of a convex optimization problem.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Computer Information Conference
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• 2017.07a
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• pp.388-389
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• 2017

본 논문에서는 효율적인 에너지 관리를 위해 리튬이온 배터리를 적용 능동 셀 밸런싱 시스템 BMS에 대해 제안하였다. 제안된 방법은 다수의 셀과 하나의 커패시터로 구성된 SSC(Single Switched Capacitor) 방식에서 사용되는 커패시터를 리튬이온 배터리로 변경하여 적용한 것이다. SSC 방식은 커패시터의 방향성으로 인하여 홀수 번째와 짝수 번째의 배터리에 대해 별도의 스위치를 설치하여야 하며 조작이 복잡하다는 단점을 가지고 있었다. 이러한 단점을 보완하여 커패시터를 리튬이온 배터리로 대체하여 셀의 순서에 상관없이 적용이 가능한 셀 밸런싱 방법을 제안하였다. 제안된 방법의 효율성은 BMS를 구현하여 실험 하였다. 실험 결과 셀 밸런싱이 기존의 SSC 방식보다 개선되어 효율성이 입증되었다.

• Proceedings of the KIPE Conference
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• 2020.08a
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• pp.387-388
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• 2020

본 논문은 패시브 셀 밸런싱과 액티브 셀 밸런싱의 에너지 손실 비교에 관한 연구내용이다. 패시브 셀 밸런싱은 저항을 이용하여 과충전된 셀의 에너지를 소모하는 방식이며 액티브 셀 밸런싱은 SSC(Single Switched Capacitor) 구조를 이용하여 높은 에너지 셀의 에너지를 낮은 에너지 상태의 셀로 전달하는 방식이다. 높은 셀과 낮은 셀의 SOC(State Of Charge)의 차이가 5% (0.085 V)일 때 ∆SOC = 3% (∆V = 0.051 V)로 줄이기 위해 패시브 셀 밸런싱과 액티브 셀 밸런싱을 하여 두 셀 밸런싱의 에너지 손실 차이를 시뮬레이션과 실험을 통하여 비교한다.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Power Electronics
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.351-355
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• 2016

Welding machines are high-capacity systems used in a low-frequency range using IGBT. As their system is similar to a large transformer, most welding machines suffer a great loss because of hard switching and vast leakage inductance. A voltage-balancing circuit is designed to overcome these shortcomings. This circuit can reduce the transformer size by making it into a high frequency and reducing the input voltage by half and by adopting a serial structure that connects two full-bridges in a series to use a MOSFET with a good property at high frequency. In addition, a Schottky diode is used in the primary rectifier to overcome the low efficiency of most welding machines. To use the Schottky diode with a reliably relatively low withstanding voltage, an active snubber is adopted to effectively limit the ringing voltage of the diode cut-off voltage.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.59 no.4
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• pp.707-714
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• 2010

When problems such as line fault, breakdown of a substation or a generator, etc. arise on the grid, the Microgrid is designed to be separated or isolated from the grid. Most existing DGs(Distributed Generators) in distribution system use rotating machine. However, new DGs such as micro gas turbine, fuel cell, photo voltaic, wind turbine, etc. will be interfaced with the Microgrid through an inverter. So the Microgrid may have very lower inertia than the conventional distribution system. By the way, the rate of change of frequency depends on the inertia of the power system. Moreover, frequency has a strong coupling with active power in power system. Because the frequency of the Microgrid may change rapidly and largely during transient, appropriate and fast control strategy is needed for stable operation of the Microgrid. Therefore, this paper presents a power balancing strategy in Microgrid during transient. Despite of strong power or frequency excursions, power balancing in the Microgrid can be maintained.

• BMB Reports
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• v.48 no.8
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• pp.429-430
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• 2015

Angiogenesis is a complex process involving dynamic interaction of various cell to cell interactions. Endothelial cell interactions regulated by growth factors, inflammatory cytokines, or hemodynamic stress are critical for balancing vascular quiescence and activation. Yes-associated protein (YAP), an effector of Hippo signaling, is known to play significant roles in maintaining cellular homeostasis. However, its role in endothelial cells for angiogenic regulation remains relatively unexplored. We demonstrated the critical role of YAP in vascular endothelial cells and elucidated the underlying molecular mechanisms involved in angiogenic regulation of YAP. YAP was expressed in active angiogenic regions where endothelial cell junctions were relatively loosened. Consistently, YAP subcellular localization and activity were regulated by VE-cadherin-mediated PI3K/Akt pathway. YAP thereby regulated endothelial sprouting via angiopoietin-2 expression. These results provide an insight into a model of coordinating endothelial junctional stability and angiogenic activation through YAP. [BMB Reports 2015; 48(8): 429-430]