• 한국안전학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.81-87
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• 2003

Latex polymers are widely used for adhesive, binder, paint etc. Especially the PVAc(Polyvinyl acetate) latex which manufactured by vinyl acetate and vinyl alcohol as protective colloid is a useful environmentally friendly adhesive. To increase useful property of PVAc latex, this study was carried out for checking thermal characteristics and physical condition of PVAc latex by DSC, FT-IR, Pyrolyzer GC-MS. The activation energies of thermal decomposition for 40, 48, 56, 64% solid content of PVAc latex were found as 28.1-36.0kcal/mol by Kissinger's method and 17.2-22.0kcal/mol by DSC method. Actually, reasonable solid content could be consiered as 56% because of activation energy and adhesive characteristics. According to the effect of protective colloid for 4, 10, 15, 20wt%, the activation energy shows same tendency to both method and in case of l5wt% has been found as the highest activation energy. The mechanism of thermal decomposition was mainly estimated by main chain scission, not by side group on FT-IR analysis. Main component of Pyrolzer GC-MS result were consisted of $CH_3COOH$, $CH_3$, $H_2O$ and light gases(CO, $CO_2$, $CH_4$ etc).

• 대한화학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.74-79
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• 1972

The semiconductivity of polycrystalline $Cu_2O$ has been studied between $220^{\circ}C$ and $680^{\circ}C under partial pressures of oxygen from $4.06{\times}10^{-3}\;to\;10^{-5 }\;mmHg$. The plots of log conductivity vs 1/T at constant oxygen pressure were found to be linear, and the activation energies obtained from the slopes of these plots above the first transition point showed that the energies were greater under high oxygen pressure than under low pressure. The transition points between the stable range and the unstable range of $Cu_2O$ were found from the curves. The dependence of the semiconductivity on the $O_2$ pressure, in the above temperature range, is shown hysteresis.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제57권1호
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• pp.52-62
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• 2013

The interaction of titanium (IV), yttrium (III), zirconium (IV), palladium (II) and cerium (IV) with deprotonated enrofloxacin leads to the formation of the neutral or cationic mononuclear complexes. The isolated solid complexes have been characterized with physicochemical and spectroscopic techniques and thermogravimeteric analyses. The spectroscopic data indicate that the enrofloxacin ligand is on the deprotonated mode acting as bidentate ligand coordinated to the metal ions through the ketone oxygen and a carboxylato oxygen and the metal ions completed the coordination number with water molecules. The thermal decomposition mechanisms proposed for enrofloxacin and their metal complexes were discussed. The activation energies, $E^*$, enthalpies, ${\Delta}H^*$, entropies, ${\Delta}S^*$ and Gibbs free energies, ${\Delta}G^*$, of the thermal decomposition reactions have been derived from thermogravimetric (TG) and differential thermogravimetric (DTG) curves, using Coats-Redfern (CR) and Horowitz-Metzeger (HM) methods. The antimicrobial activity has been evaluated against six different microorganisms.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.27-40
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• 1993

High temperature tensile tests, steady state creep tests, Internal stress tests and creep rupture tests using A17075 alloy( $T_{6}$ ) were performed over the temperature range of 9$0^{\circ}C$~50$0^{\circ}C$ (0.4 $T_{m}$ ~0.85 $T_{m}$ ) and stress range of 0.64~17.2(kgf/$\textrm{mm}^2$). The main results obtained in this paper were as follows. (1) The activation energies for yielding at the temperature of 0.4 $T_{m}$ ~0.75 $T_{m}$ were calculated to be 25.7~36.5kcal/mol, which were nearly equal to the activation energies for creep. (2) At around the temperature of 9$0^{\circ}C$~12$0^{\circ}C$ and under the stress level of 10~17.2(kgf/$\textrm{mm}^2$), and at around the temperature of 200~41$0^{\circ}C$ and under the stress level of 1.53~9.55(kgf/$\textrm{mm}^2$) and again at around the temperature of 470~50$0^{\circ}C$ and under the stress level of 0.62~l.02(kgf/$\textrm{mm}^2$), the applied stress dependence of steady state creep rate $n_{measu}$ measured were, respectively, 3.15, 6.62 and 1.1, which were in good agreement the calculated stress dependence $n_{ealeu}$ obtained by the difference of the applied stress dependence of the Internal stress and the ratio of the internal stress to the applied stress. (3) At the temperature range of 0.4~0.43 $T_{m}$ , and at the temperature range of 0.52~0.75 $T_{m}$ and again at the temperature range of 0.82~0.85 $T_{m}$ , the activation energies $Q_{measu}$ obtained by steady state creep rate, respective, 26. 16, 34.9, 36.2 and 36.1kcal/mol, which were in good agreement with those obtained with the activation energies under constant effective stress and the temperature dependence of Internal stress. (4) At the temperature range of the 0.52~0.73 $T_{m}$ and under the stress level of 1.53~9.55(kgf/$\textrm{mm}^2$), the stress dependence of rupture life(n’) measured was 6.3~6.6, which was in good agreement with the stress dependence of steady state creep rate(n). And at the same condition the activation energy for rupture( $Q_{f}$ ) measured was 32.0~36.9kca1/mol, which was also in good agreement with the activation energy obtained by steady state creep rate ( $Q_{c}$ ). (5) The rupture life( $t_{f}$ ) might be represented by athermal process attributed to the difference of the applied stress dependence of the internal stress and the ratio of the internal stress to the applied stress, and the thermal activated process attributied to the temperature dependence of the internal stress as $t_{f}$ = A'$\sigma$$_{a}$ ｛n(1-d $\sigma$$_{i}$ /d $\sigma$$_{a}$ )/(1-$\sigma$$_{i}$ / $\sigma$$_{a}$ )｝.exp[｛ $Q_{c}$ $^{*}$-( $n_{o}$ R $T^2$/ $E_{(T)}$) (d $E_{(T)}$/dT) - ( $n_{0}$ R $T^2$/ $\sigma$$_{a}$ - $\sigma$$_{i}$ ) (d $\sigma$$_{i}$ /dT)｝/RT]. (6) The relationship betwween Larson-Miller rupture parameter and logarithmic stress was linearly decreased, so creep rupture life of Al 7075 alloy seemed to be predicted exactly with Larson-Miller parameter.meter.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2013년도 제44회 동계 정기학술대회 초록집
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• pp.420-420
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• 2013

We investigated oxygen plasma effect on defect states near the interface of AlGaN/GaN High Electron Mobility Transistor (HEMT) structure grown on a silicon substrate. After the plasma treatment, electrical properties were evaluated using a frequency dependant Capacitance-Voltage (C-V) and a temperature dependant C-V measurements, and a deep level transient spectroscopy (DLTS) method to study the change of defect densities. In the depth profile resulted from the temperature dependant C-V, a sudden decrease in the carrier concentration for two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) nearby 250 K was observed. In C-V measurement, the interface states were improved in case of the oxygen-plasma treated samples, whereas the interface was degraded in case of the nitrogen-plasma treated sample. In the DLTS measurement, it was observed the two kinds of defects well known in AlGaN/GaN structure grown on sapphire substrate, which have the activation energies of 0.15 eV, 0.25 eV below the conduction band. We speculate that this defect state in AlGaN/GaN on the silicon substrate is caused from the decrease in 2DEG's carrier concentrations. We compared the various DLTS signals with filling pulse times to identify the characteristics of the newly found defect. In the filling pulse time range under the 80 us, the activation energies changed as the potential barrier model. On the other hand, in the filling pulse time range above the 80 us, the activation energies changed as the extended potential model. Therefore, we suggest that the found defect in the AlGaN/GaN/Si structure could be the extended defect related with AlGa/N/GaN interface states.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.7-12
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• 1994

건조온도(25, $45^{\circ}C$)를 달리한 건조새우를 수분활성을 달리하여 저장하였을 때의 갈변반응 및 shelf-life는 다음과 같다. 1. 저장중 갈변반응은 온도, 수분활성이 높을수록 촉진되었다. 2. Arrhenius식으로부터 구한 활성화 에너지는 $25^{\circ}C$에서 건조한 새우의 경우 $13.57{\sim}14.33kcal/mol$의 범위였으며, $45^{\circ}C$의 경우 $13.12{\sim}13.61kca1/mol$로서 $45^{\circ}C$의 경우가 $25^{\circ}C$보다 다소 낮은 값을 보였다. 3. Shelf-life는 온도와 수분 활성이 증가함에 따라 급격히 단축되었는데 $25^{\circ}C$에서 건조한 새우의 경우 수분 활성 0.65 저장 온도 $55^{\circ}C$에서 4일, 수분활성 0.33 저장 온도 $35^{\circ}C$에서 139일이었고, $45^{\circ}C$의 경우 수분 활성 0.65 저장 온도 $55^{\circ}C$에서 1일, 수분활성 0.33 저장 온도 $35^{\circ}C$에서 76일로서 $25^{\circ}C$에서 건조한 것의 shelf-life가 더 길게 나타났다. 4. 변온 조건에서의 저장 실험결과와 이론적으로 예측한 값사이의 유효 온도 차이는 예측치보다 실측치가 높게 나타났다.

• 한국가스학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.120-126
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• 1997

저밀도 폴리에틸렌 (LDPE)과 $25\%{\~}48\%$의 함염소 폴리에틸렌(CPE)에 대한 열분해상태를 20ml/min의 질소기류와 $4^{\circ}C{\~}20^{\circ}C$/min의 여러 가지 가열율에서 열중량분석으로 검토하였다. 반응의 열분해 활성화에너지값을 얻기 위하여 수학적인 방법으로는 미분법(Friedman)과 적분법(Ozawa)법이 사용되었다. 위의 방법으로 평가된 활성화에너지는 각각이 잘 일치하였고, 최고평균 활성화에너지는 71.72kcal/mol로 계산되었다. LDPE와 CPE의 열분해는 주쇄분해반응이고 실제 열분해곡선은 이론식과 잘 일치하는 것으로 사료된다.

• 자원리싸이클링
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.47-53
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• 2014

런던협약으로 인하여 하수 슬러지 및 유기성 폐기물의 해양투기가 전면 금지되어 이의 효과적인 처리 및 에너지 전환 기술에 대한 요구가 증대되고 있다. 하수 슬러지의 빠른 감량과 에너지화가 가능한 열적 에너지 전환 기술의 적용을 위해서는 하수 슬러지의 열분해 및 연소 특성에 대한 기본적인 kinetics 자료가 필수적이다. 본 연구에서는 열중량 분석기(thermogravimetric analyzer, thermobalance)를 이용하여 하수 슬러지의 열분해 및 연소 kinetics를 도출하였다. 열분해의 경우 총 세 단계의 반응이 일어나 각각에 대하여 subtraction method에 의하여 activation energy와 빈도 인자를 도출하였다. 촤 연소의 경우 반응 kinetics 해석은 기체-고체 화학반응의 세 가지 모델이 이용되었고 shrinking core model이 연소 특성을 가장 잘 나타내어 이 모델을 기준으로 activation energy와 빈도 인자를 도출하고 산소농도 영향을 살펴보았다.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.201-205
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• 1979

Domestic Yungil bentonite (montmorillonite) was treated with 1N sodium hydroxide solution in an autoclave at several temperatures, between 100 to 200℃, for 1 to 24 hrs. The products were examined by X-ray diffraction analysis. The following concecutive reaction was valid. montmorillonite→amorphous aluminosilicate→analcime The reaction rate constants k and k' at 200℃ were 0.35hr-1 and 0.22hr-1, respectively. The activation energies for the conversion from montmorillonite to amorphous aluminosilicate and from amorphous aluminosilicate to analcime were 10 kcal/mol and 12kcal/mol, respectively.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.465-472
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• 1999

To remove nitrogen oxides(NOx) in exhaust gas of diesel engine, three-way catalytic process with plasma discharger has great possibilities. Characteristics of NOx removal depends on NO conversion to NO$_2$and/or HNO$_3$due to high activation energies for NO oxidation and reduction. NOx removal efficiency by using three-way catalytic with plasma discharger indicated about 50% at 40watt power consumption condition.