• 한국표면공학회지
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• 제49권2호
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• pp.135-140
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• 2016

In this study, we prepared magnesium ion containing oxide films formed on the Ti-6Al-4V using plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) treatment. Ti-6Al-4V surface was treated using PEO in Mg containing electrolytes at 270V for 5 min. The phase, composition and morphology of the Mg ion containing oxide films were evaluated with X-ray diffraction (XRD), Attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) and filed-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDS). The biocompatibility of Mg ion containing oxide films was evaluated by immersing in simulated body fluid (SBF). According to surface properties of PEO films, the optimum condition was formed when the applied was 270 V. The PEO films formed in the condition contained the properties of porosity, anatase phase, and near 1.7 Ca(Mg)/P ratio in the oxide film. Our experimental results demonstrate that Mg ion containing oxide promotes bone like apatite nucleation and growth from SBF. The phase and morphologies of bone like apatite were influenced by the Mg ion concentration.

• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.227-230
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• 2016

Zn_xMn_3-xO₄ (0.95≤x≤1.20) specimens were prepared using a conventional solid state reaction method. All specimens were sintered in air at 1,200℃ for 12 h, cooled at a rate of 2℃/min to 800℃, and subsequently quenched to room temperature. We investigated the electrical properties of Zn_xMn_3-xO₄ specimens with various amounts of ZnO for use as IR detectors. At a composition of x≥1.15, the ZnO phase precipitates beside the spinel structure. The electrical resistivity at room temperature, activation energy, responsivity, and detectivity of a Zn_1.10Mn_1.90O₄ specimen are 653.2 kΩ-cm, 0.392 eV, 0.016 V/W, and 7.52×10³ cmHz^1/2/W, respectively.

• 한국결정성장학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.5-16
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• 1991

희토류 금속 산화물(RE=Ce, Pr, Nd, Eu, Er)을 1wt% 첨가한 큐빅 $ZrO_2(10 mol% Y_2O_3)$단결정을 스컬법으로 육성하였다. 육성된 단결정의 (111) 면에서의 임피던스 분석에 의한 전기적 성질을 조사하였다. 낮은 온도($500^{\circ}C$)에서 온도와 전기전도도와의 관계를 plot하였으며 $약300-400^{\circ}C$ 사이에서 전이를 관찰하였다. 저온 (전이전)과 고온(전이후 $50^{\circ}C$까지)산소 vacancy 이동에 관한 활성화 에너지를 구하였으며 전이로 인한 활성화 에너지의 차이는 안정제로 첨가한 이트륨 이온과 희토류 dopant 그리고 산소 vacancy와의 defect complexes를 붕괴하고 이온전도에 참여하게되는 산소 vacancy 형성에 관한 활성화 에너지로 볼 수 있다. yttria가 첨가됨에 따라, 또 희토류 산화물들의 첨가에 따른 활성화 에너지를 구하였으면 이온전도기구를 논의하였다. 육성된 단결정들은 첨가된 dopantdp 기인하여 Ce은 orang-red, Pr은 golden-yellow, Nd는 lilac, Eu는 옅은 pink, Er은 pink색으로 발현하였으며 가시광선 영역에서 광흡수 결과로서 나타내었다.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.181-185
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• 1997

The electrochemical properties of the $AB_2$-type (Zr-Ti-V-Ni-Cr-Co-Mn) metal hydride electrodes prepared by ball milling with $AB_5-type\{(LM)Ni_{3.6}Al_{0.4}Co_{0.7}Mn_{0.3}\}$(LM : Lanthanum-rich mischmetal) alloy powder as a surface activator were investigated. By ball milling with $AB_5$ type alloy powder, the activation of $AB_2$ type metal hydride electrode was accelerated resulting in an increase of discharge capacity from 35% to 85% of the maximum capacity at the first cycle. As the amount of surface activator increased the activation rate increased, whereas the discharge capacity increased with 10wt% and decreased with 20wt% addition of the surface activator. When the amount of the surface activator was kept constant as 10wt%, the discharge capacity and the activation rate increased with ball milling time up to 20 hours. However beyond 20 hours of ball milling time, they decreased drastically due to the nano-crystallization or amorphorzation of the alloy powder.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.239-244
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• 1987

쌀 전분현탁액(5%)의 리올로지 특성을 모세관 점도계를 이용하여 조사하였다. 멥쌀 전분은 $30{\sim}60^{\circ}C$에서, 찹쌀 전분은 $30{\sim}55^{\circ}C$에서 인산염의 첨가 유무에 관계없이 항복응력이 없는 팽창유체 (dilatant fiuid)의 거동을보였다. 그러나 멥쌀 전분은 $65^{\circ}C$에서, 찹쌀 전분은$60^{\circ}C$에서 의가소성 유체의 거동을 보였다. 인산염의 첨가시 멥쌀 전분은 의가소성이 증가하는 현상을 보인 반면, 찹쌀 전분의 경우에는 뚜렷한 증가를 보이지 않았다. 온도 $30{\sim}50^{\circ}C$의 경우 전분현탁액의 유동의 활성화 에너지는 $0.88{\sim}1.45kcal/mole$이었으나, $60{\sim}65^{\circ}C$의 경우에는 멥쌀 전분이 약73kcal/mole, 찹쌀 전분이 45.57kcal/mole이었다. 인삼염의 첨가시에는 $89.39{\sim}182.89kcal/mole$이었으며, 아끼바레가 가장 높은 값을 찹쌀이 가장 낮은 값을 보였다.

• 한국안광학회지
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.63-69
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• 1996

비정질 $As_2Se_3$ 박막에 첨가된 Ag가 전기 및 광학적 성질에 미치는 효과를 연구하기 위해 직류전기전도도와 광투과도를 측정하였다. 직류전기전도도에서 구한 활성화에너지 $E_g$와 광투과도에서 구한 광학적 갭 $E_{opt}$는 Ag의 함량이 증가할수록 감소하였고, Urbach 꼬리는 Ag의 함량 변화에 관계없이 거의 일정한 것으로 나타났다. 시료에 첨가된 Ag의 함량이 5mol% 이하이면 Ag 함량의 증가에 대한 직류활성화에너지의 감소율은 광학적 갭의 감소율에 비해 크게 변하였다. Ag가 5mol% 이상 첨가되었을 때에는 Ag 함량의 증가에 대한 $E_g$의 감소율과 $E_{opt}$의 감소율이 비슷하였다. 이와 같은 현상은 Ag의 함량이 5mol% 이하인 시료에서는 Fermi준위가 이동도단 쪽으로 옮기고 Ag의 함량이 5mol% 이상이면 이동도단이 Fermi준위 쪽으로 옮기는 것을 의미한다.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.326-333
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• 2008

Since the 1990s, the second generation of Zirconium alloys containing main alloy compositions of Nb, Sn and Fe have been used as a replacement of Zircaloy-4 (Zr-Sn-Fe-Cr), a first-generation Zirconium alloy, to meet severe and rigorous reactor operating conditions characterized by high-burn-up, high-power and high-pH operations. In this study, the mechanical properties and creep behaviors of Zr-Sn-Fe-Cr and Zr-Nb-Sn-Fe alloys were investigated in a temperature range of $450{\sim}500^{\circ}C$ and in a stress range of $80{\sim}150\;MPa$. The mechanical testing results indicate that the yield and tensile strengths of the Zr-Nb-Sn-Fe alloy are slightly higher compared to those of Zr-Sn-Fe-Cr. This can be explained by the second phase strengthening of the $\beta$-Nb precipitates. The creep test results indicate that the stress exponent for the steady-state creep rate decreases with the increase in the applied stress. However, the stress exponent of the Zr-Sn-Fe-Cr alloy is lower than that of the Zr-Nb-Sn-Fe alloy in a relatively high stress range, whereas the creep activation energy of the former is slightly higher than that of the latter. This can be explained by the dynamic deformation aging effect caused by the interaction of dislocations with Sn substitutional atoms. A higher Sn content leads to a lower stress exponent value and higher creep activation energy.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• 제9권5호
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• pp.223-232
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• 2010

NiTi alloy has been used for orthodontic wire due to good mechanical properties, such as elastic strength, friction resistance, and high corrosion resistance. Recently, these wire were coated by polymer and ceramic materials for aesthetics. The purpose of this study was to investigate electrochemical characteristics of tooth colored NiTi wire using various instruments. Wires (round type and rectangular type) were used, respectively, for experiment. Polymer coating was carried out for wire. Specimen was investigated with optical microscopy (OM), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The corrosion properties of the specimens were examined using potentiodynamic tests (potential range of -1500 ~ 2000 mV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (frequency range of 100 kHz ~ 10 mHz) in a 0.9 % NaCl solution by potentiostat. From the results of polarization behavior, the passive region of non-coated NiTi wire showed largely, whereas, the passive region of curved NiTi wire showed shortly in anodic polarization curve. In the case of coated NiTi wire, pitting and crevice corrosion occurred severely at interface between non-coated and coated region. From the results of EIS, polarization resistance(Rp) value of non-coated round and rectangular NiTi wire at curved part showed $5.10{\times}10^5{\Omega}cm^2$ and $4.43{\times}10^5{\Omega}cm^2$. lower than that of coated NiTi wire. $R_p$ of coated round and rectangular NiTi wire at curved part showed $1.31{\times}10^6{\Omega}cm^2$ and $1.19{\times}10^6{\Omega}cm^2$.

• Transactions on Electrical and Electronic Materials
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.164-168
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• 2011

Nanocrystalline cadmium sulphide (CdS) thin films were prepared using chemical bath deposition (CBD), and the structural, optical and photoconductive properties were investigated. The crystal structure of CdS thin film was studied by X-ray diffraction. The crystallite size, dislocation density and lattice constant of CBD CdS thin films were investigated. The dislocation density of CdS thin films initially decreases with increasing film thickness, and it is nearly constant over the thickness of 2,500 ${\AA}$. The dislocation density decreases with increasing the crystallite size. The Urbach energies of CdS thin films are obtained by fitting the optical absorption coefficient. The optical band gap of CdS thin films increases and finally saturates with increasing the lattice constant. The Urbach energy and optical band gap of the 2,900 A-thick CdS thin film prepared for 60 minutes are 0.24 eV and 2.83 eV, respectively. The activation energies of the 2,900 ${\AA}$-thick CdS thin film at low and high temperature regions were 14 meV and 31 meV, respectively. It is considered that these activation energies correspond to donor levels associated with shallow traps or surface states of CdS thin film. Also, the value of ${\gamma}$ was obtained from the light transfer characteristic of CdS thin film. The value of ${\gamma}$ for the 2,900 A-thick CdS thin film was 1 at 10 V, and it saturates with increasing the applied voltage.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.167-173
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• 2009

The classical type of transient receptor potential (TRPC) channel is a molecular candidate for $Ca^{2+}$-permeable cation channels in mammalian cells. Because TRPC4 and TRPC5 belong to the same subfamily of TRPC, they have been assumed to have the same physiological properties. However, we found that TRPC4 had its own functional characteristics different from those of TRPC5. TRPC4 channels had no constitutive activity and were activated by muscarinic stimulation only when a muscarinic receptor was co-expressed with TRPC4 in human embryonic kidney (HEK) cells. Endogenous muscarinic receptor appeared not to interact with TRPC4. TPRC4 activation by $GTP{\gamma}S$ was not desensitized. TPRC4 activation by $GTP{\gamma}S$ was not inhibited by either Rho kinase inhibitor or MLCK inhibitor. TRPC4 was sensitive to external pH with $pK_a$ of 7.3. Finally, TPRC4 activation by $GTP{\gamma}S$ was inhibited by the calmodulin inhibitor W-7. We conclude that TRPC4 and TRPC5 have different properties and their own physiological roles.