• The Korean Journal of Pharmacology
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.89-97
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• 1991

As it has been reported that the depolarization-induced release of acetylcholine(ACh) is diminished by activation of presynaptic muscarinic autoreceptor in rabbit hippocampus and various lines of evidence indicate the involvement of adenylate cyclase system in ACh release, it was attempted to delineate the role of cAMP in the muscarinic autoreceptor-mediated control of ACh release. Slices and synaptosomal preparations from rabbit hippocampus were incubated with $[^3H]-choline$ and the release of the labelled products was evoked either by electrical stimulation or by $high-K^+$, and the influence of various agents on the evoked tritium release was investigated. Forskolin, a specific adenylate cyclase activator, in concentrations ranging from $0.1\;to\;30\;{\mu}M$, increased the $[^3H]-ACh$ release in a dose-dependent manner and also dbcAMP increased the tritium outflow. The responses to oxotremorine, a specific muscarinic agonist, were characterized by decrement of ACh release in dose range of $0.1-30\;{\mu}M$, and the oxotremorine effects were inhibited either by forskolin or by atropine. Glibenclamide, a specific $K^+-channel$ inhibitor, in concentration of $1{\sim}10\;{\mu}M$, decreased the evoked ACh release slightly and inhibited the enhancing effect of evoked ACh-release of a large dose$(10\;{\mu}M)$ of forskolin. These results indicate that the cAMP might play a role in the muscarinic ACh receptor-mediated control of ACh rlease in the rabbit hippocampus and suggest that certain potassium currents may also be participated in the post-receptor mechanism of ACh release.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.362-365
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• 2007

Cyanobacteria have been identified as one of the most promising group producing novel biochemically active natural products. Cyanobacteria are a very old group of prokaryotic organisms that produce very diverse secondary metabolites, especially non-ribosomal peptide and polyketide structures. Large multienzyme complexes which are responsible for the non-ribosomal biosynthesis of peptides are modular for the addition of a single amino acid. An activation of amino acid substrates results in an amino adenylate occuring via an adenylation domain (A-domain). A-domains are responsible for the recognition of amino acids as substrates within NP synthesis. The A-domain contains ten conserved motifs, A1 to A10. In this study, ten conserved motifs from A1 to A10 were checked regarding their amino acid sequence of the NRPS-module of Microcystis aeruginosa PCC 7806. The part of the amino acid sequence chosen was that which contained as many conserved motives as possible, and then these amino sequence were compared between other cyanobacteria to design a new degenerate primer. A new degenerate primer (A3/A7 primer) was designed to detect any putative NP synthetase region in unkwon cyanobacteria by a reverse translation of the conserved amino acid sequence and a search for cyanobacterial DNA bank.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.63-69
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• 2011

To characterize the polysaccharides which exist as soluble forms in Korean traditional alcoholic beverages, the polysaccharides were isolated from Korean pear wine and their anti-complementary activities were examined. The main polysaccharide, PW-1 was purified to homogeneity from the crude polysaccharide (PW-0) in pear wine by size exclusion chromatography using Sephadex G-75. Molecular mass of PW-1 was estimated to be 150 kDa and it contained significant proportion of mannose (81.8%) and 5 different minor component sugars such as arabinose (1.2%), galactose (2.7%), glucose (8.5%), galacturonic acid (5.3%) and glucuronic acid (0.5%). These analyses indicated that the main polysaccharide in pear wine was mainly present as a mannan which had originated from the cell walls of fermenting yeasts. On the other hand, PW-1 showed potent anti-complementary activity in a dose-dependent fashion. Identification of C3 activation products by the crossed immunoelectrophoresis using anti-human C3 and anti-complementary activity of PW-1 in $Ca^{++}$-free condition suggested complement activations by PW-1 from Korean pear wine occur via both classical and alternative pathways.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.9-20
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• 2017

Camp Page, which has been located in front of Chuncheon Station for about 50 years since 1958, recently opened to the public. Chuncheon City is currently struggling to construct a park on this site due to an uncertainty of general plans and financial difficulties. Accordingly, this research conducted a cognitive survey about site usage with Camp Page users in order to clarify directions for efficient establishment of parks within the former military base. The course of research includes analytical methods such as a survey targeting Chuncheon citizens and tourists both in the field and online, a frequency analysis of 1,360 index samples, a cross analysis and t-test. As a result, firstly, Chuncheon citizens recognized the image of Chuncheon as a city with a fresh, clean lakeshore whereas tourists think of it as a city for sightseeing and leisure. Hence, it was justifiable to conclude that the city should organize various programs for people to enjoy leisure activities while at the same time protecting the environment. Second, the awareness of tourists about Camp Page was relatively low and both citizens and tourists recognize that it was not sufficient enough for enjoyment of free time. The majority answered "space for culture and art and for experiencing the natural environment" when asked about the direction of space creation at Camp Page, which indicates that the site will need to be available both for cultural art and nature experiences. Lastly, it was thought that the direction of developing leisure facilities in Chuncheon city should include the improvement of worn out installations and developing chain products among programs. This research will be able to use fundamental data for the efficient utilization of the returned U.S. military camps that are constantly merging.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2015.05a
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• pp.777-780
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• 2015

Currently, our country has promoted sustainable growth in agriculture field by expanding the growth engine which is going to creat new value through agrifood industry & ICT convergence, the deployment of computerization in rural areas and the efficiency increase of agricultural administration system. Since the level of domestic agriculture-ICT convergence technology focusing on production areas is at early stage, it is necessary to deploy the successful models through the systematic development of technology and standardization including production, distribution and consumption phase. In addition, because the management and control systems of large glass greenhouse are mostly foreign products with no standardization and related small domestic companies, there is a limit to agri-food & ICT convergence activation led by the agri-food private sector. Also, it is vital to increase productivity & efficiency and improve quality throughout the entire agricultural process including production, distribution and consumption by the fusion of information technology, automatic control technology and unique ICT on existing agricultural technology, Therefore, in this paper we propose the agricultural-ICT convergence technology fields in which our country can lead technology and the standardization plans through analyzing the development, policy and standardization trends on agricultural-ICT convergence technology.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.115-123
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• 2013

The steel industry, a representative industry that significantly consumes raw materials and energy, produces steel as well as a large amount of by-product steel slag through the production process. The vast habitat foundation of marine life has been destroyed due to recent reckless marine development and environment pollution, resulting in intensification of the decline of marine resources, and a solution to this issue is imperative. In order to propose a method to recycle large amounts of by-product slag into a material that can serve as an alternative to natural aggregate, the engineering properties and applicability for each mixing factor of environment friendly porous concrete as a material for the composition of marine ranches were evaluated in this study. The test results for percentage of voids per mixing ratio revealed that the margin of error for all conditions was within 2.5%. The compressive strength test results showed that the most outstanding environmental friendly porous concrete can be manufactured when mixing 30% slag aggregate and 10% specially treated granular fertilizer for the optimum volume fraction. As concrete for marine applications, the best seawater resistance was obtained with mixing conditions for high compression strength. An assessment of the ability to provide a marine life habitat foundation of environmentally friendly porous concrete showed that a greater percentage of voids facilitated implantation and inhabitation of marine life, and the mixing of specially treated granular fertilizer led to active initial implantation and activation of inhabitation. The evaluation of harmfulness to marine life depending on the mixture of slag aggregate and specially treated granular fertilizer revealed that the stability of fish is secured.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.472-482
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• 1994

Cytokines expressed specifically in leukocytes subsets and in activated cells, which are involved in chemotaxis and activation of leukocytes, are recently defined as chemokines. Macrophage inflammatory $protein-1{\alpha}(MIP-1{\alpha})$ and $MIP-1{\beta}$ are members of C-C chemokine subfamily which produces wide immunomodulatory, proinflammatory, and hematopoietic modulatory actions. We have studied their gene expression by using Northern blot analysis in various blood cells such as cytolytic T lymphocyte(CTL), helper T lymphocyte(HTL), macrophage, and B lymphocyte. Resting CTL line CTLL-R8 expressed $MIP-1{\alpha}$ mRNA which was downregulated by ConA stimulation. Both of resting and ConA stimulated HTL line Hut78 and Jurkat did not express $MIP-1{\alpha}$ mRNA. There was detectable $MIP-1{\alpha}$ transcript in HTL hybridoma 2B4.11 which was a little upstimulated by ConA stimulation. B cell line 230, and macrophage cell line RAW264.7 and WR19M.1 showed distinct $MIP-1{\alpha}$ message which were induced after LPS stimulation. Expression pattern of $MIP-1{\beta}$ in all cell lines or cell were almost identical to that of $MIP-1{\alpha}$. Also strategies employed to identify and characterize the biological functions was preceded by receptor cloning to trace the shorcut to the final goal of cytokine research. For the cloning of $MIP-1{\alpha}$ receptor(R), we used synthetic oligonucleotides of transmembrane(T) conserved sequences of already cloned human(h) IL-8-R, and performed reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) amplification using murine(m) macrophage cell line mRNA. Among 5RT-PCR products, we isolated a homologous cDNA with hIL-8-R which were shown to be putative mIL-8-R cDNA.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.95-102
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• 2012

To examine the new practical utilization of mucilages in Opuntia humifusa, the Korean pear cactus, the polysaccharides were isolated from O. humifusa, and immuno-stimulating activities were assayed. The main polysaccharide, CNC-E, was prepared by a commercial enzyme treatment, water extraction, and ethanol precipitation. The molecular mass of CNC-E was estimated to be about 700 kDa, and it consisted mainly of arabinose, galactose and xylose in addition to two minor sugars such as rhamnose and fucose. On the other hand, CNC-E showed considerably high splenocyte proliferation activity in a dose-dependent manner. Peritoneal macrophages stimulated with CNC-E produced cytokines such as IL-6, IL-12, IL-10, and TNF-${\alpha}$. The intravenous administration of CNC-E significantly augmented the cytotoxicity of natural killer (NK) cells against Yac-1 tumor cells. Especially, NK cells obtained from the mice treated with $100{\mu}g$ of CNC-E showed threefold higher cytolytic activity than those of untreated mice. CNC-E also showed potent anti-complementary activity in a dose-dependent fashion. Identification of C3 activation products by the crossed immunoelectrophoresis using anti-human C3 and the anti-complementary activity of CNC-E in a $Ca^{2+}$-free condition suggested complement activations by CNC-E that occur via both alternative and classical pathways. These results indicate that Korean pear cactus contains selected polysaccharides that provide immuno-stimulating activities beneficial to human health.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.5 no.6
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• pp.1044-1055
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• 1994

The preparation of ZrC/SiC mixed powders from $ZrSiO_4/C$ and $ZrSiO_4/Al/C$ systems was attempted in the temperature range below $1600^{\circ}C$ under Ar or $Ar/H_2$ gas flow(100-500ml/min). The formation mechanism and kinetics of ZrC/SiC were suggested and the resultant powders were characterized. In $ZrSiO_4/C$ system, ZrC and SiC were formed by competitive reaction of $ZrO_2(s)$ and SiO(g) with carbon at temperature higher than $1400^{\circ}C$. The apparent activation energy for the formation of ZrC was approximately 18.5kcal/mol($1400-1600^{\circ}C$). In $ZrSiO_4/Al/C$ system, ZrC was formed by reaction of ZrO(g) with Al(l, g) and carbon at temperature higher than $1200^{\circ}C$, and SiC was formed by reduction-carbonization of SiO(g) with Al(l, g) and carbon at temperature higher than $1300^{\circ}C$. The products obtained at $1600^{\circ}C$ for 5h consisted of ZrC with lattice constant of $4.679{\AA}$ and crystallite size of $640{\AA}$, and SiC with lattice constant of $4.135{\AA}$ and crystallize size of $500{\AA}$. And also, the mean particle size was about $21.8{\mu}m$.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.65 no.1
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• pp.107-112
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• 1984

Theoretical studies on the effects of forest road are considered to be significant from a present viewpoints which is headed for mordernization and activation of forestry. 1) From a viewpoint of wood production techniques, forest road is enable to economical transport of all kinds of forest products and easy transport to forest of operative tools and necessary materials, and largely contribute to efficiency of all operations, including reforestation, tending, forest protection and conservation of forests. 2) And, from a viewpoint of forest management, development of forest road makes wood marketability be secured and curtailment of various indirect expenditure with the operation efficiency be possible. 3) Forest road, also in living aspects of inhabitants in mountainous villages, plays direct and indirect roles in promoting their welfare including improvement of employment for forest labor, traffic benefits in mountainous area and introduction of culture. Therefore, as a premise to realize intensive management in forestry, the necessities of forest road were increased in its aspects of important and fundamental facilities as well as production basis.