• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.18-26
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• 1991

This study was carried out to examine not only the effect and the process of activation of aluminum sulfate for the manufacture of PB and MDF, but also application of the activation treatment to PB and MOF made with MDI adhesive. The results were as follows: 1. For the manufacture of PB, activating effect did not take place Because the low moisture content of 30% in the process of activation treatment made probably insufficient activation. It needs to examine higher moisture content for the uniform and enough activation same as that of MOF. 2. In the case of MOF, Activating effect was excellent, it showed not only better results of MOR 48%, MOE 29%, IB 60% than those of the control but also better dimensional stability. 3. Application of alum activation to the PB and MDF made with MDI adhesive yielded no effects. Maybe it was the reson that the curing mechanism of MDI is different. 4. Modifing the wood surface was the oxidation and wettability was not the variable limiting glueline performance. It is necessary to make a more study about activating reaction.

• Carbon letters
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.126-132
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• 2003

Granular Activated Carbon (GAC) has been proven to be an excellent material for many industrial applications. A systematic study has been carried out of the kinetics of physical as well as chemical activation of phenolic resin chars. Physical activation was carried out using $CO_2$ and chemical activation using KOH as activating agent. There are number of factors which influence the rate of activation. The activation temperature and residence time at HTT varied in the range $550{\sim}1000^{\circ}C$ and $\frac{1}{2}{\sim}8$ hrs respectively. Kinetic studies show that the rate of chemical activation is 10 times faster than physical activation even at much lower temperature. Above study show that the chemical activation process is suitable to prepare granular activated carbon with very high surface area i.e.$ 2895\;m^2/g$ in short duration of time i.e. 1 to 2 hrs at lower temperature i.e. $750^{\circ}C$ from phenolic resins.

• Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.131-135
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• 2011

It is, in general, believed that during the activation process, the proton conductivity increases due to wetting effect and the electrochemical resistance reduction, resulting in an increase in the fuel cell performance with time. However, until now, very scant information is available on the understanding of activation processes. In this study, dominant variables that effect on the performance increase of membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs) during the activation process were investigated. Wetting, pore restructuring and active metal utilization were analyzed systematically. Unexpectedly, the changes for both ohmic and reaction resistance characterized by the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) after initial wetting process were much smaller when considering the degree of cell performance increases. However, the EIS spectra represents that the pore opening of electrode turns into gas transportable structure more easily. The increase in the performance with activation cycles was also investigated in a view of active metals. Though the particle size was grown, the number of effective active sites might be exposed more. The impurity removal and catalytic activity enhancement measured by cyclic voltammetry (CV) could be a strong evident. The results and analysis revealed that, not merely wetting of membrane but also restructuring of electrodeand catalytic activity increase are important factors for the fast and efficient activation of the polymer electrolyte fuel cells.

• Journal of Embryo Transfer
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.165-169
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• 2010

This study was carried out to assess the effect of vitamin E against the reactive oxygen species (ROS) on chemical activation of in vitro matured oocytes. Bovine oocytes were aspirated from slaughtered ovaries and transferred to maturation medium with or without vitamin E ($100\;{\mu}M$). After 22 hours of culture, oocytes with polar bodies were selected and submitted to activation treatments with or without vitamin E. After activation, oocytes were cultured in mSOF medium and rate of development was monitored. For ROS ($H_2O_2$) detection, in vitro matured and activated oocytes were selected and stained with DCFDA and observed under fluorescence microscope. The ROS contents were not significant differences in IVM rate, activation process and embryonic development to blastocysts with or without vitamin E. The cell number of blastocyst showed significant difference (p<0.05) in embryos matured and activated with vitamin E. The results of the present study demonstrated that the exposure of vitamin E in IVM and activation process improved the quality of embryos evaluated by the cell number of blastocysts.

• Journal of Magnetics
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.35-39
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• 2000

The correlation between the activation volumes of wall-motion and nucleation processes in Co/Pd multilayers has been investigated. Each activation volume was estimated from the field dependence of the wall-motion speed and the nucleation rate, respectively, based on time-resolved domain patterns grabbed by a MOKE microscope system. Both the activation volumes are changed in the same manner around $0.2\sim1.1\times10^{-17}cm^3$ with changes in the multilayered structure. Interestingly, the correlation between the activation volumes is sensitive to the multilayered structure; the wall-motion activation volume is smaller than the nucleation activation volume for a sample having a smaller number of repeats and a thinner Co-layer thickness, and vice versa. The correlation is closely related with the contrasting reversal modes; the process having the smaller activation volume dominates.

• IEIE Transactions on Smart Processing and Computing
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• v.3 no.5
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• pp.338-344
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• 2014

As the role of information collection becomes increasingly important in the enormous data environment, there is growing demand for more intelligent information technologies for managing complex data. On the other hand, it is difficult to find a solution because of the data complexity and big scaled amount. Accordingly, there is a need for a special intelligent knowledge base frame that can be operated by itself flexibly. In this paper, by adopting switching function for signal transmission in the synapse of the human brain, I/E selective activation based knowledge reconfiguring mechanism is proposed for building more intelligent information management system. In particular, knowledge network design, a special knowledge node structure, Type definition, I/E gauge definition and I/E matching scheme are provided. Using these concepts, the proposed system makes the functions of activation by I/E Gauge, selection and reconfiguration. In a more efficient manner, the routing and reasoning process was performed based on the knowledge reconfiguration network. In the experiments, the process of selection by I/E matching, knowledge reconfiguration and routing & reasoning results are described.

• Current Applied Physics
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• v.18 no.12
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• pp.1528-1533
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• 2018

The trajectories of adsorption and dissociation process of $O_2$ on the Al (111) surface were studied by the spinpolarized ab initio molecular dynamics method, and the adsorption activation energy was clarified by the NEB method with hybrid functionals. Three typical dissociation trajectories were found through simulation of $O_2$ molecule at different initial positions. When vertically approaches to the Al surface, the $O_2$ molecule tends to rotate, and the activation energy is 0.66eV. If $O_2$ molecule does not rotate, the activation energy will increase to 1.43 eV, and it makes the O atom enter the Al sublayer eventually. When the $O_2$ molecules parallel approach to the Al surface, there is no activation energy, due to the huge energy released during the adsorption process.

• Proceedings of the KOSOMBE Conference
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• v.1995 no.05
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• pp.82-86
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• 1995

Using electrocardiography is a common method to diagnose heart disease, Modeling and simulation of activation process for the heart system is useful to understand electrocardiography. This paper proposes a two-dimensional cellular automata model for the activation process of the ventricles. The model represents the geometry of the ventricles by the ellipsoidal shape in two dimension. In the model, ventricles are divided into four layers, each of which has a set of cells with preassigned properties. The proposed model takes Into account the local orientation of the myocardial fibers and their distributed velocity, and refractory period. Simulation experiment is performed to measure activation potential for each cell in each layer within the ventricles.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.35 no.6
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• pp.1832-1836
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• 2014

A deep understanding of the metallic silver catalysts formation process on oxide support and the formation mechanism is of great scientific and practical meaning for exploring better catalyst preparing procedures. Herein the thermal decomposition process of supported silver catalyst with silver oxalate as the silver precursor in the presence of ethylenediamine and ethanolamine is carefully investigated by employing a variety of characterization techniques including thermal analysis, in situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray diffraction. The formation mechanism of supported silver particles was revealed. Results showed that formation of metallic silver begins at about $100^{\circ}C$ and activation process is essentially complete below $145^{\circ}C$. Formation of silver was accompanied by decomposition of oxalate group and removal of organic amines. Catalytic performance tests using the epoxidation of ethylene as a probe reaction showed that rapid activation (for 5 minutes) at a relatively low temperature ($170^{\circ}C$) afforded materials with optimum catalytic performance, since higher activation temperatures and/or longer activation times resulted in sintering of the silver particles.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.102-119
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• 2016

This paper aims at analyzing the role of Korean ethnic network in the settlement process of Korean immigrants, and elucidating their activation strategies. through the case study of Korean Immigrants in London metropolitan area. The main results of this study are as follows. Firstly, the majority of respondents use Korean ethnic networks in the initial immigration process. Secondly, respondents more frequently use Korean ethnic network in the activities such as church, shopping and education. Thirdly, considering the cognition of respondents about the necessity of Korean ethnic networks, respondents prefer supports of Koran government as activation strategies of Korean ethnic network. Finally, a model of activation strategies of Korean ethnic networks is proposed, which is a differentiated and integrated model according to the maturity stage.