• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.28 no.10
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• pp.1090-1097
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• 2006

The anoxic activated sludge process was applied to the treatment of industrial box-mill wastewater, which exhibited the high removal efficiencies of $90{\sim}94%$$ TCOD_{Mn}$ and $58{\sim}81%$ Color. For the design of industrial anoxic activated sludge process, Monod bio-kinetic coefficients of box-mill wastewater were estimated as follows: $K_{max}$(maximum specific substrate removal rate)=0.52 $day^{-1}$, $K_s$(half saturation constant)=314 mg/L, $K_d$(decay coefficient)=0.274 $day^{-1}$, y(microbial yield coefficient)=0.908 mg/mg, and ${\mu}_{max}$(maximum specific growth rate)=0.472 $day^{-1}$. Space loading factors for the design analysis were practically determined as the values of F/M ratio=$0.043{\sim}0.07$ kg-$TCOD_{Mn}$/kg-SS-day, BOD space loading=$0.18{\sim}0.3$ kg-$TCOD_{Mn}/m^3-day$, and ${\theta}_x=6.8{\sim}26.4$ day when considering the relationship of these loading factors with growth dynamics of microorganisms, the F/M ratio that is inversely proportional to ${\theta}_x$ should be equivalent to ${\mu}_{max}$ in units, but exhibited the significant difference between theses two values. Therefore, it is considered that high safety factors are requested in the design of anoxic activated sludge process that is based on Monod bio-kinetics of microorganism.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.1-11
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• 2008

Phenanthrene uptake by surfactant sorbed on activated carbon was investigated to recycle of surfactant in washed solution for contaminated soil. The partitioning of phenanthrene to the activated carbon coating with Triton X-100 as a surfactant was also evaluated by a mathematical model. Phenanthrene-contaminated soil (200 mg/kg) was washed in 10 g/L of surfactant solution. Washed phenanthrene in solution was separated by various particle loadings of granular activated carbon through a mode of selective adsorption. Removal of phenanthrene was 99.3%, and surfactant recovery was 88.9% by 2.5 g/L of granular activated carbon, respectively. Phenanthrene uptake by activated carbon was greater than that of phenanthrene calculated by a standard model for a system with one partitioning component. This is accounted for enhanced surface solubilization by hemi-micelles adsorbed onto granular activated carbon. The effectiveness factor is greater than 1 and molar ratio of solubilization to sorbed surfactant is higher than that of liquid surfactant. Results suggest that separation of contaminants and surfactants by activated carbon through washing process in soil is much effective than that of calculated in a theoretical model.

• BMB Reports
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.221-226
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• 2012

Curcumin, a polyphenol responsible for the yellow color of the curry spice turmeric, possesses antiinflammatory, antiproliferative and antiangiogenic activities. However, anticoagulant activities of curcumin have not been studied. Here, the anticoagulant properties of curcumin and its derivative (bisdemethoxycurcumin, BDMC) were determined by monitoring activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), prothrombin time (PT) as well as cell-based thrombin and activated factor X (FXa) generation activities. Data showed that curcumin and BDMC prolonged aPTT and PT significantly and inhibited thrombin and FXa activities. They inhibited the generation of thrombin or FXa. In accordance with these anticoagulant activities, curcumin and BDMC showed anticoagulant effect in vivo. Surprisingly, these anticoagulant effects of curcumin were better than those of BDMC indicating that methoxy group in curcumin positively regulated anticoagulant function of curcumin. Therefore, these results suggest that curcumin and BDMC possess antithrombotic activities and daily consumption of the curry spice turmeric might help maintain anticoagulant status.

• BMB Reports
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• v.44 no.3
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• pp.199-204
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• 2011

Ephrin signaling is involved in various morphogenetic events, such as axon guidance, hindbrain segmentation, and angiogenesis. We conducted a yeast two-hybrid screen using the intracellular domain (ICD) of EphrinB1 to gain biochemical insight into the function of the EphrinB1 ICD. We identified the transcriptional co-repressor xTLE1/Groucho as an EphrinB1 interacting protein. Whole-mount in situ hybridization of Xenopus embryos confirmed the co-localization of EphrinB1 and a Xenopus counterpart to TLE1, xTLE4, during various stages of development. The EphrinB1/xTLE4 interaction was confirmed by co-immunoprecipitation experiments. Further characterization of the interaction revealed that the carboxy-terminal PDZ binding motif of EphrinB1 and the SP domain of xTLE4 are required for binding. Additionally, phosphorylation of EphrinB1 by a constitutively activated fibroblast growth factor receptor resulted in loss of the interaction, suggesting that the interaction is modulated by tyrosine phosphorylation of the EphrinB1 ICD.

• Carbon letters
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.45-50
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• 2015

High crystallinity coke-based activated carbon (hc-AC) is prepared using a potassium hydroxide solution to adsorb carbon dioxide ($CO_2$). The $CO_2$ adsorption characteristics of the prepared hc-AC are investigated at different temperatures. The X-ray diffraction patterns indicate that pitch-based cokes prepared under high temperature and pressure have a high crystal structure. The textural properties of hc-AC indicate that it consists mainly of slit-like pores. Compared to other textural forms of AC that have higher pore volumes, this slit-pore-shaped hc-AC exhibits higher $CO_2$ adsorption due to the similar shape between its pores and $CO_2$ molecules. Additionally, in these high-crystallinity cokes, the main factor affecting $CO_2$ adsorption at lower temperature is the pore structure, whereas the presence of oxygen functional groups on the surface has a greater impact on $CO_2$ adsorption at higher temperature.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.39-43
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• 2010

Objectives : This research was investigated the anticoagulant effect of the Gleditsiae spina extract. Methods : We researched prothrombin time (PT) assay, activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) assay in vitro and in vivo using arteriovenous (A-V) shunt rat model and shortening Rat tail bleeding time (BT). A-V shunt and BT were treated with extract of Gleditsiae spina (GS) 400 mg/kg for a week. Results : Bleeding time of Gleditsiae spina extract in vivo had a significant increase as about 1.2 times and thrombus weight of Gleditsiae spina extract had a significant reduction of thrombus weight as 26%. Gleditsiae spina extract represented an effect of anticoagulation by operating on extrinsic pathway factor II, V, VII, X and intrinsic pathway factor VIII, IX, X, XI, XII in the coagulation system. Conclusions : Considering the above mentioned results, it is judged that a Gleditsiae Spina extract has a control effect of thrombus creation.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.619-623
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• 2004

Tissue factor (TF, tissue thromboplastin) is a membrane bound glycoprotein, which acceler-ates the blood clotting, activating both the intrinsic and the extrinsic pathways to serve as a cofactor for activated factor VII (Vila). The TF-factor Vila complex (TF/VIIa) proteolytically activates factors IX and X, which leads to the generation of thrombin and fibrin clots. In order to isolate TF inhibitors, by means of a bioassay-directed chromatographic separation technique, from the leaves of Eriobotrya japonica Lindley (Rosaceae), a known sesquiterpene glycoside (2) and ferulic acid (3) were isolated as inhibitors that were evaluated using a single-clotting assay method for determining TF activity. Another sesquiterpene glycoside (1) was also isolated but was inactive in the assay system. Compound 3 was yielded by alkaline hydrolysis of compound 2. The structures of compounds 1, 2, and 3 were identified by means of spectral analysis as $3-O-{\alph}-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1{\rightarrow}4)-a-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1{\rightarrow}2)-[{\alph}-L-rhamnopyrano-syl-(1{\rightarrow}6)]-{\beta}-D-glucopyranosyl nerolidol$ (1), $3-O-{\alph}-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1{\rightarrow}4)-{\alph}-L-rhamnopyr-anosyl-(1{\rightarrow}2)-[{\alph}-L-(4-trans-feruloyl)-rhamnopyranosyl-(1{\rightarrow}6)]-{\beta}-D-glucopyranosyl$ nerolidol (2) and ferulic acid (3), respectively. Compounds 2 and 3 inhibited 50% of the TF activity at con-centrations of 2 and $369{\;}\mu\textrm{m}/TF$ units, respectively.

• CELLMED
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.3.1-3.3
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• 2013

The receptor activator of NF-${\kappa}B$ ligand (RANKL), a member of the tumor necrosis factor ligand family, has extensive functions beyond osteoclast development. RANKL is expressed in many immune cells such as osteoblasts, osteocytes, marrow stromal cells, activated T cells, synovial cells, keratinocytes, and mammary gland epithelial cells as well as in various tissues. The ligation of RANK by RANKL promotes dendritic cells (DCs) survival through prosurvival signals and the up-regulation of the anti-apoptotic proteins Bcl-2 and Bcl-$x_L$ and plays a crucial role in DCs-mediated Th1 differentiation. Therefore, RANKL plays an important role in the regulation of DCs/T cells-mediated specific immunity. This review will briefly inform our current understanding of the role of RANKL signaling in T cells-DCs communication in the immune system.

• Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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• 2007.07a
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• pp.1305-1306
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• 2007

To lower the fabrication cost of silicon solar cells, a surface treatment using a dielectric barrier discharge instead of a wet cleaning technique was examined on electrode surfaces on silicon solar cells. The fill factor obtained through measuring current-voltage characteristics was evaluated, and the treated surface state was characterized by energy-dispersive X-ray. It was found that the dielectric barrier discharge effectively activated the electrode surface and the surface treatment on finger electrodes contributed greatly to improve the fill factor.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.125-132
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• 2011

Objectives : An aim of study is to investigate effects of curculiginis rhizoma in vitro (factor Xa (FXa) inhibitor assay, prothrombinase assay, prothrombin time (PT) assay, activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) assay) and in vivo experiment (blood clotting time, thromboxane B2 content assay in serum and weight of thrombus by AV-shunt rat model). Methods : We gained a human serum and used serum in vitro study such as factor X activity (FXa) inhibition, prothrombinase inhibition, prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time. Fifteen SD rats were divided into three groups (intact control group and two experimental group treated with extract of Curculiginis Rhizoma(ECR)). Rats were orally administrated DW (intact control group), 600 mg/kg concertration of ECR and 200 mg/kg concertration of ECR. After one hour, we anesthetized rats and made arteriovenous (AV) shunt rat models to study weights of thrombus, took a hole blood to study content of thromboxane B2 and blood clotting time. Results : In vitro, ECR increased a inhibitory activity of FXa, prothrombinase and aPTT compared than intact control group. Especially ECR made significant increase of FXa and prothrombinase inhibitory activity (p<0.05, p<0.01). And PT were increased in ECR control group compared with intact control group. In vivo, a blood clotting time of experiment group treated with ECR 600 mg/kg were significantly increased compared with that of intact control group (p<0.05) and content of thromboxane B2 was significantly decreased in group treated with ECR 600 mg/kg in seum. The weight of thrombus were significantly reduced in group treated with ECR 600 mg/kg compared with intact control group (p<0.05). But in vivo experiment study, those of group treated with ECR 200 mg/kg were reduced compared with those of intact control group without statistical significance. Conclusions : ECR has a antithromboic activity in internal course with inhibitory activity of FXa and prothrombinase in vitro, it required to research more study for effective compounds.