• BMB Reports
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.567-572
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• 1999

We have previously shown that a DNA fragment is responsible for the anticoagulatory effect of an earthworm, Lumbricus rubellus. The anticoagluant increased the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and also inhibited the thrombin activity observed with either N-${\alpha}$-p-tosyl-L-arginine methyl ester (TAME) or H-D-phenyl-alanyl-L-pipecoil-L-arginine-p-nitroanilide (S-2238). Since trypsin digestion of the anticoagulant further increased the APTT, the possible presence of a regulatory protein for the anticoagulatory DNA was investigated by digesting the anticoagulant with trypsin and isolating the DNA fragment with C4-reversed phase HPLC. The DNA fragment lacking a regulatory protein was eluted in the flow-through fraction, and analyzed with thrombin and activated factor X. Activated factor X activity was more strongly inhibited than thrombin activity. For DNA digestion, we treated the anticoagulant with DNase and purified the DNA-binding protein with a FPLC Resource-S cation exchange column. The regulatory protein, with an $M_r$ of 55.0 kDa, reduced the anticoagulatory effect of the DNA fragment.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.226-238
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• 2006

The electroplating of the Ag ions from aqueous solution on activated porous carbons was investigated over a wide range of plating time. The adsorption capacities of Ag metallic carbons were associated with their internal porosity and were related to physical properties such as surface area and pore size distribution. And, surface morphologies and quantitative analysis for the metal supported carbons are investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy disperse X-ray (EDX) measurements to explain the changes in adsorption properties. It is considered that the pH is an very important factor at the reason of water pollutant with increasing acidity in industrial field. The results of ICP-AES analysis showed that the residual concentration of Ag ions decreased with an increasing electroplating time. The metallic Ag-activated porous carbons electroplated showed microbicidal effects and strong antibacterial activity against six kinds of strains that were used. Finally, we confirmed that the presence of the electrolytic plated Ag-activated porous carbons is a determining factor in the HCl removal by chemical reaction, clarifying the surface chemical behavior.

• BMB Reports
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• v.47 no.7
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• pp.376-381
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• 2014

Enzymatic oxidation of pyrogallol was efficiently transformed to an oxidative product, purpurogallin (PPG). Here, the anticoagulant activities of PPG were examined by monitoring activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), prothrombin time (PT), and the activities of thrombin and activated factor X (FXa). And, the effects of PPG on expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) and tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) were evaluated in tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-${\alpha}$ activated human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Treatment with PPG resulted in prolonged aPTT and PT and inhibition of the activities of thrombin and FXa, as well as inhibited production of thrombin and FXa in HUVECs. In addition, PPG inhibited thrombin-catalyzed fibrin polymerization and platelet aggregation. PPG also elicited anticoagulant effects in mice. In addition, treatment with PPG resulted in significant reduction of the PAI-1 to t-PA ratio. Collectively, PPG possesses antithrombotic activities and offers a basis for development of a novel anticoagulant.

• BMB Reports
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• v.46 no.10
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• pp.484-489
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• 2013

Piperlonguminine (PL), an important component of Piper longum fruits, is known to exhibit anti-hyperlipidemic, antiplatelet and anti-melanogenic activities. Here, the anticoagulant activities of PL were examined by monitoring activated-partial-thromboplastin-time (aPTT), prothrombin-time (PT), and the activities of thrombin and activated factor X (FXa). The effects of PL on the expressions of plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) and tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) were also tested in tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ (TNF-${\alpha}$) activated HUVECs. The results showed that PL prolonged aPTT and PT significantly and inhibited the activities of thrombin and FXa. PL inhibited the generation of thrombin and FXa in HUVECs. In accordance with these anticoagulant activities, PL prolonged in vivo bleeding time and inhibited TNF-${\alpha}$ induced PAI-1 production. Furthermore, PAI-1/t-PA ratio was significantly decreased by PL. Collectively, our results suggest that PL possesses antithrombotic activities and that the current study could provide bases for the development of new anticoagulant agents.

• BMB Reports
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• v.48 no.10
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• pp.577-582
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• 2015

Cyclopia subternata is a medicinal plant commonly used in traditional medicine to relieve pain. Here, the anticoagulant effects of scolymoside, an active compound in C. subternata, were examined by monitoring activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), prothrombin time (PT), and the activities of thrombin and activated factor X (FXa). The effects of scolymoside on plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) and tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) expression were evaluated in tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α-activated human endothelial cells. Treatment with scolymoside resulted in prolonged aPTT and PT and the inhibition of thrombin and FXa activities and production. In addition, scolymoside inhibited thrombin-catalyzed fibrin polymerization and platelet aggregation. Scolymoside also elicited anticoagulant effects in mice, including a significant reduction in the PAI-1 to t-PA ratio. Collectively, these findings indicate that scolymoside possesses anticoagulant activities and could be developed as a novel anticoagulant.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.56 no.4
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• pp.568-576
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• 2018

In order to investigate the adsorption characteristics of the antibiotics trimethoprim (TMP) by activated carbon (WCAC) prepared from waste citrus peel, the effects of operating parameters on the TMP adsorption were investigated by using a response surface methodology (RSM). Batch experiments were carried out according to a four-factor Box-Behnken experimental design with four input parameters : concentration ($X_1$: 50-150 mg/L), pH ($X_2$: 4-10), temperature ($X_3$: 293-323 K), adsorbent dose ($X_4$: 0.05-0.15 g). The experimental data were fitted to a second-order polynomial equation by the multiple regression analysis and examined using statistical methods. The significance of the independent variables and their interactions was assessed by ANOVA and t-test statistical techniques. Statistical results showed that concentration of TMP was the most effective parameter in comparison with others. The adsorption process can be well described by the pseudo-second order kinetic model. The experimental data of isotherm followed the Langmuir isotherm model. The maximum adsorption amount of TMP by WCAC calculated from the Langmuir isotherm model was 144.9 mg/g at 293 K.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.191-196
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• 2008

Objectives: This research was investigated to find out the effect of the anticoagulant Perillae folium extract. Methods: To examine an active effect of anticoagulation in Perillae folium extract, the study measured Prothrombin time(PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time(APTT) of human plasma in vitro and measured bleeding time and arterio-venous shunt model in rats in vivo. Results: Bleeding time of Perillae folium extract in vivo had a significant increase 1.6 times and thrombus weight of Perillae folium extract had a significant reduction of thrombus weight as 68%. Perillae folium extract had an effect of anticoagulation by operating on extrinsic pathway factor II, V, VII, X and intrinsic pathway factor VIII, IX, X, VI, VII in the coagulation system. Conclusions: Considering the above mentioned results, it is judged that a Perillae folium extract has a control effect of thrombus creation.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.7-11
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• 2009

Objectives : This research was investigated anticoagulant effect of the Chaenomelis Fructus extract. Methods : To examine an active effect of anticoagulation in Chaenomelis Fructus extract, the study measured Prothrombin time(PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) of human plasma in vitro and measured bleeding time and arterio-venous shunt model in rats in vivo. Results : Bleeding time of Chaenomelis Fructus extract in vivo had a significant increase as about 1.6 times and thrombus weight of Chaenomelis Fructus extract had a significant reduction of thrombus weight as 50%. Chaenomelis Fructus extract represented an effect of anticoagulation by operating on extrinsic pathway factor II, V, VII, X and intrinsic pathway factor VIII, IX, X, XI, XII in the coagulation system. Conclusions : Considering the above mentioned results, it is judged that a Chaenomelis Fructus extract has a control effect of thrombus creation.

• BMB Reports
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• v.45 no.7
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• pp.390-395
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• 2012

Oleanolic acid (OA), a triterpenoid known for its anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties, is commonly present in several medicinal plants but its anticoagulant activities have not been studied. Here, the anticoagulant properties of OA were determined by monitoring activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), prothrombin time (PT), fibrin polymerization as well as cell-based thrombin and activated factor X (FXa) generation activities. Data showed OA prolonged aPTT and PT significantly and inhibited thrombin catalyzed fibrin polymerization. In addition, OA inhibited the activities of thrombin and FXa and inhibited the generation of thrombin or FXa in human endothelial cells. OA also inhibited TNF-${\alpha}$-induced tissue factor expression on human endothelial cells. In accordance with these anticoagulant activities, OA showed an anticoagulant effect in vivo. These results indicate that OA possesses antithrombotic activities and suggest that daily consumption of a herb containing OA may be preventing thrombosis in pathological states.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.37-46
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• 2004

The electrochemical adsorption of the Ag ions from aqueous solution on pelletized activated carbon monolith was investigated over wide range of operation time. The adsorption capacities of pelletized activated carbon monolith are associated with their internal porosity and are related properties such as surface area, pore size distribution. The chemical industry generates wastewater that contains toxic matters like heavy metals in small concentrations so that their economic recovery is not feasible. But, the method using activated carbon monolith can be used to withdrawal of heavy metals in waste water. After the electrochemical treatment, the quantitative properties in Ag ion solutions are also examined by pH concentration and studied elemental analysis by ICP-Atomic Emission Spectrometer and Energy Disperse X-ray (EDX) spectra. It is consider that the pH is very important factor at the reason of water pollutant with increasing acidity in industrial field. The result of quantitative analysis using Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometer of metal after electrochemical reaction in Ag ions solution depending on time are shown that the amount of Ag ions deposited was decreased with growth of Ag particles on the carbon surfaces as increasing electrochemically treated time. And, surface morphologies are investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to explain the changes in adsorption properties.