• 음성과학
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.109-116
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• 2003

This study was conducted to determine changes of voice after consuming raw egg, apple, and pear. Ten college students vocalized /a/ before and after having raw egg, apple, and pear. Dr. Speech was utilized to obtain acoustic changes of subjects' voice. A t-test was performed to analyze changes of voice before and after consuming raw egg, apple, and pear. No significant difference was found in acoustic measurements before and after having the 3 food items. However, the subjects seemed to show some improvements in jitter, HNR, and NNE in the order of raw egg, apple and pear even though they did not reach a statistical significance. It was concluded that a more systematic research paradigm was needed in order to objectively reject or substantiate the results of the current investigation.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.26-33
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• 2002

This study was undertaken to obtain the fundamental knowledges on the weld deflects and it's realtime monitoring method. The paper describes the results of high speed photography, acoustic emission (AE) detection and plasma light emission (LE) measurements during $CO_2$ laser welding of STS 304 stainless steel and A5083 aluminum alloy in different welding condition. The characteristic frequencies of plasma and keyhole fluctuations at different welding speed and shield gases were measured and compared with the results of Fourier analyses of temporal AE and LE spectra, and they had considerably good agreement with keyhole and plasma fluctuation. Namely, the low frequency peaks of AE and LE shifted to higher frequency range with the welding speed increase, and leer the argon shield gas it was higher than that in helium and nitrogen gases. The low frequencies dominating in fluctuation spectra of LE probably reflect keyhole opening instability. It is possible to monitor the weld bead deflects by analyzing the acoustic and/or plasma light emission signals.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2005년도 추계학술대회논문집
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• pp.616-619
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• 2005

An extensive data base of HRTFs (Head Related Transfer Functions) has been established in order to work with high qualifies of 3D acoustic appliances. The basic specifications of the measurement presented are that a spatial resolution of 10$^{\circ}$ in elevation angles (ranging from -40$^{\circ}$ to 90$^{\circ}$) and uniform spatial resolution of 5$^{\circ}$ in azimuth angles. The distance from the measurement sources to the centre of the dummy head is 2m and the sampling frequency is 48 kHz and the quantisation depth is 24-bits. The data is presented for three arrangements of pinna models (large, small and no pinna) which were combined with the open and blocked ear canal cases to give a total of 6 sets of measurements. The data base may contribute to show promise of providing useful applications of 3D sound.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.73-79
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• 2019

머리 측두부 디지털 영상 및 통신 표준 영상을 이용한 외이도 길이, 상하 굴곡각도, 내 외경 비율에 따른 음향민감도를 외이도 모델링으로 시뮬레이션하고 측정하였다. 실험은 인간 가청주파수 기준으로 200Hz씩 증가하면서 1 파스칼의 압력으로 일정하게 전달된 주파수를 고막 음향크기로 나타내어 그 측정값들을 선형과 이차곡선 회귀분석으로 나타내었다. 그 결과 외이도 길이는 길수록, 외 내경 둘레의 비율은 높을수록 낮은 주파수에서 빠른 음향적 반응을 나타내었다. 회귀분석을 이용한 메타모델의 음향민감도 상관관계는 외이도 길이가 77%, 외 내경 비율 5%의 영향으로 나타났지만 상하 굴곡각도는 특별한 관계를 나타내지 못하였다. 이로써 인간의 청각음향 민감도는 외이도 길이가 길수록, 외 내경 둘레의 비율 차이가 높을수록 낮은 주파수에서 빠르게 반응하는 인자임을 알 수 있었다.

• 한국인터넷방송통신학회논문지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.199-205
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• 2015

많은 사용자가 항상 휴대하는 스마트폰을 대상으로 실내에서의 위치 인식을 위한 기술 개발이 매우 활발하다. 특히 음향 신호를 이용한 TDOA 방식의 위치 측정 시스템도 많이 연구되고 있는데, 이 방식은 스마트폰의 스피커와 음향 신호를 수신하기 위한 위치 측정 장치에 설치된 마이크들 사이의 거리를 측정하고 관련 쌍곡선 수식을 계산하여 스마트폰의 위치를 추정하는 것이다. 그러나 스피커와 각 마이크 사이의 거리를 측정하는 것에 항상 오차가 있고, 게다가 위치 측정 장치에 설치된 음향 센서인 마이크의 설치 위치 오차에 따라서 위치 측정 오차가 매우 크게 발생한다. 본 논문에서는 3차원 TDOA 위치 측정 시스템에서 음향 센서의 위치 오차에 따른 위치 측정 오차가 PDOP 시뮬레이션과 실험으로 분석되었다.

• Ocean Science Journal
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2007

Acoustic volume backscattering strength data were collected and Conductivity Temperature Depth (CTD) measurements were conducted in the southern Yellow Sea in summer 2005 and 2006. The high temporal and vertical resolution acoustic data measured with a 307 kHz Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) and a 250 kHz acoustic Doppler profile (ADP) had dominant diel variation, which resulted from vertical migration of sound scatterers. Some scatterers congregating in the bottom layer in the daytime migrated upward at dusk, and migrated downward into the bottom layer at dawn. The migration speeds were estimated. More than 33 days data show that the diel migration varies with time. The feature of migration measured with ADCP and ADP is consistent to some extent with what is described in the study on vertical migration of zooplankton in the southern Yellow Sea with conventional net samples.

• 한국연소학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.31-38
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• 2009

The effects of acoustic excitation of coaxial air on mixing enhancement and reduction of nitrogen oxides (NOx) emission were investigated. A compression driver was attached to the coaxial air supply tube to impose excitation. Measurements of NOx emission with frequency sweeping were performed to observe the trend of NOx emission according to the fuel and air flow conditions and to inquire about the effective excitation frequency for reducing NOx. Then, Schlieren photographs were taken to visualize the flow field and to study the effect of excitation. In addition, phase-locked particle image velocimetry (PIV) was performed to acquire velocity field for each case and to investigate the effect of vortices more clearly. Direct photographs and OH chemiluminescence photographs were taken to study the variation of flame length and reaction zone. It was found that acoustic forcing frequencies close to the resonance frequencies of coaxial air supply tube could reduce NOx emission. This NOx reduction was influenced by mixing enhancement due to large-scale vortices formed by fluctuation of coaxial air jet velocity.

• 한국태양에너지학회 논문집
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.105-112
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• 2012

The conversion of solar energy into acoustic waves is experimentally studied. Measurements were made on the Sound Pressure Level (SPL), frequency, onset time and the temperature gradient across the stack. A pyrex resonance tube is used with a honey-comb structure ceramic stack along with Ni-Cr and Cu wires. An AL1 acoustical analyzer was used to measure the SPL and frequency of acoustic waves whereas K-type thermocouples were hired to estimate temperature gradients. For a resonance tube of 100 mm, no acoustic waves were generated with a power input of 25W. By increasing its length to 200 mm, however, maximum SPLs of 96.4 dB, 106.3 dB and 112.8 dB were detected for the tubes of 10mm,20mm and 30mm in IDs and their respective stack positions of 70mm, 60mm and 50mm from the closed end.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제34권11호
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• pp.1129-1138
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• 1997

Al2O3/20 vol%YAG composite containing equiaxed grains and Al2O3/20 vol%LaAl11O18 composite containing elongated grains were fabricated using Al2O3-Y2O3 composition and Al2O3-La2O3 composition, respectively, by hot-pressing. In order to investigate the influence of microstructural control of second phase on toughening effect of toughened ceramic composites, AE (acoustic emission) measurements have been coupled with fracture toughness experiments(SENB and SEPB method). A separation of the fracture toughness and analysis of toughening mechanism was possible using the AE technique. The fracture toughness of hot-pressed materials was estimated to be 3.2 MPam0.5 for monolithic alumina, 4.7 MPam0.5 for Al2O3/20 vol%YAG composite and 6.2 MPam0.5 for Al2O3/20 vol%LaAl11O18 composite. In monolithic Al2O3, toughening does not occur as a result of either microcracking or grain bridging, whereas, composites exhibit toughening effects by both microcracking in the frontal zone and gain bridging in the wake zone, resulting in an improvement of fracture toughness as compared with monolithic Al2O3. The fracture toughness of Al2O3/20 vol%LaAl11O18 composite is higher than that of Al2O3/20 vol%YAG composite. It may be attributed to the elongated microstructure of Al2O3/20 vol%LaAl11O18 composite, resulting relatively greater bridging effect.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.561-569
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• 2002

This paper presents an investigation on $C_2$, CH, OH radicals and NOx emissions in partially premixed flames with acoustic excitation. The radicals are visualized by the digital image technique with optical filters and ICCD camera while NOx emissions are determined by a chemiluminescent detection(NOx analyser). The measurements are made in flames with an overall equivalence ratio (${\phi}_o$) 0.5 and a center tube equivalence ratio(${\phi}_c$) varing from 1.1 to 5.0 for a constant fuel flow rate. In the case of excitation, the visual shape of the flame is changed from laminar to turbulent-like flames. Images of $C_2$, CH, and OH radicals resemble those of the flame appearances as the excitation phase is varied, and the radicals generated at the upstream are convected toward the downstream. It is inferred that the flame characteristics is affected by the flow characteristics of air-fuel mixture. In the case of acoustic excitation, OH radicals are much increased relative to unexcitation. From the radicals and flame visualization under acoustic excitation, the reduction of flame length affects the shorter residence time of center tube mixture, and significantly influences the NOx reduction.