• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.33 no.3 s.130
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• pp.157-168
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• 2002

Aconites distribute widely in northern hemispere of the earth reaching to arctic zone from warm and temperate one. Chinese crude drug 'Cho O'(草烏) has been used as a remedy for apoplexy, dyspepsia, neuralgia, chronic rheumatis etc. Though the botanical origin of the crude drug has been considered to be Aconitum species of Ranunculaceae, there has been no confirmation on it. To clarify the botanical origin of Cho O, the morphological and anatomical characteristics of the roots of Aconitum species growing in Korea, i.e. A. chiisanense, A. ciliare, A. jaluense, A. napiforme, A. proliferum, A. pseudoproliferum and A. triphyllum were studied. As the result, Cho O was proved to be the roots of Aconitum triphyllum, A. jaluense, A. chiisanense and A. napiforme.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.161-173
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• 1997

Tuber of Aconitum chiisanense(Ranunculaceae) a specific medicinal plant in Korea, which is known to have the activity to recover reduced metabolism of feeble patients and has been used to symptoms such as pain, paralysis, atonia and coldness of extremities, etc. were studied. The powdered tubers of the plant were extracted with 10% EtOH 3 times and the combined extract was dissolved in 1N HCl solution and washed with ethyl acetate. The aqueous layer was basified with solid $Na_2CO_3$ and extracted with $CHCl_3$ to obtain an alkaloidal fraction. The alkaloidal fraction was subjected to column chromatography using silica gel, alumina and Sephdex LH 20, etc. From the alkaloidal fraction, five diterpene alkaloids, mesaconitine, aconitine, hypaconitine, 8-O-ethyl 14-benzoylmesaconine and talatizamine, were isolated and identified on the basis of their physico-chemical properties and spectroscopic evidences($^1H$-, $^{13}C$-NMR, EI-MS, IR, 2D-NMR) respectively. Especially the Compound IV, 8-O-ethyl 14-benzoylmesaconine, was assumed to be an artifact resulting from mesaconitine during extraction procedures. The contents of mesaconitine, aconitine and hypaconitine in the mother tuber of this plant were 0.300%, 0.024%, and 0.068%. And that of the attached tuber(new one) of this plant were 0.336%, 0.034% and 0.240% respectively.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.211-214
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• 1976

Basic substances were obtained from five Korean Aconitum, A. koreanum, A. chiisanense, A. ciliae, A. pseudoproliferum and unknown Aconitum species and compared TLC patterns of the substances. Soluble substances in ammonia alkali showed 8 spots on TLC, while insoluble substances in ammonia alkali 7 spots. These patterns are all similar in all species used in the investigation.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.435-438
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• 1998

In the present study, we have examined the crossability of four species in the A. jaluense complex to provide additional information on their delimitation and levels of differentiation. Crosses between diploid A. chiisanense and the tetraploid species including A. jaluense s. str., A. triphyllum, and A. pseudoproliferum yielded no fruit- or seed-set, indicating that the former species is reproductively completely isolated from the latter three species. In interspecific crosses between the tetraploid species, combinations involving A. jaluense s. str. resulted in much reduced fruit- and seed-set, indicating that A. jaluense s. str. is more or less reproductively isolated from the other tetraploid species. However, crossing data revealed the absence of reproductive isolation between A. triphyllum and A. pseudoproliferum These results strongly support the relationships that have been previously suggested for the A. jaluense complex on the basis of morphology, chromosome number, and flavonoid chemistry.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.51-65
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• 2015

The flora distributed around Mt. Hwangseok were summarized as 495 taxa including 97 families, 295 genera, 394 species, 4 subspecies, 80 varieties and 17 forms. In the component ratio of taxa, pteridophyta was 4.2%, 1.2% of gymnospermae, 78.8% of dicotyledonae and 15.8% of monocotyledonae. The rare plants were 9 taxa including Aconitum chiisanense, Eranthis stellata, Aristolochia contorta, Viola albida and so forth. The Korean endemic plants were 13 taxa including Populus tomentiglandulos, Pseudostellaria coreana, Aconitum pseudolaeve, Thalictrum actaefolium var. brevistylum and so forth. The specific plants by floristic region were 16 taxa including Cimicifuga heracleifolia, Sanguisorba longifolia, Symplocarpus renifolius, Betula davurica and so forth. The plants adaptable to climate change were 11 taxa including Aconitum pseudolaeve, Ajuga spectabilis, Carex okamotoi, Rhynchosia volubilis and so forth. The naturalized plants were 20 taxa including Fallopia convolvulus, Rumex crispus, Phytolacca amrericana, Robinia pseudoacacia and so forth. The invasive alien plant was Aster pilosus. The emergence of local ecologically important species, set the correct range for the core and buffer zone, transition zone, coded will be necessary, the distribution of the specialty plant areas and rare plants, an area management plan should be organized by nature. In addition, a variety of assessment techniques and accurate data to establish the validity of the core area is also set to acquire.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.49-70
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• 2009

Floral study on the vegetation of 8 mountains including Taehwa-san, Mugab-san, Haehyeob-san, Guksa-bong, Gwanggyo-san, Samseong-san, Suri-san, and 200m peak neighboring to Mulwang lake was carried out from April to October, 2007. They belong to the middle part of Gyeonggi Province, and located between Lat. $37^{\circ}$13' 31.19" ${\sim}37^{\circ}$33' 3.48", Long. $26^{\circ}$43' 04.1" ${\sim}127^{\circ}$26' 28.38". Vascular plants collected in these areas were total 447 taxa composed of 386 species, 5 subspecies, 46 varieties and 10 forms of 262 genera under 92 families. The area from which the most plentiful plants were found was Mt. Gwanggyo-san. The areas with comparatively excellent vegetation are easy slopes nearby valleys in Mt. Gwanggyo-san, Mt. Suri-san and Mt. Haehyeob-san. Forests of the examined areas are generally mixed of Pinus densiflora and Quercus plants, but herbaceous plants covering soil are becoming nearly extinct by air and soil pollutions except some sites. Families with abundant species are Compositae, Rosaceae, Liliaceae and Graminae, etc. Endemic plants found in these areas are 8 taxa of Clematis brachyura, Euonymus trapococcus, Viola seoulensis, Ajuga spectabilis, Scutellaria insignis, Weigela subsessilis, Aster koraiensis, Aconitum chiisanense and rare and endangered plants are 7 taxa of Arisaema heterophyllum, Iris odaesanensis, Eranthis stellata., Aconitum chiisanense, Prunus yedoensis (cultivar), Viola albida, and Syringa wolfi. As to useful plants, 192 taxa for the edible, 132 taxa for the medicinal, 130 taxa for the ornamental and 11 taxa for the staining were classified respectively. Among 17 taxa of specially designated plants, 5th degree plants are 2 taxa of Iris odaesanensis and Prunus yedoensis (cultivar), 4th degree plants are 2 taxa of Symplocarpus renifolius and Syringa wolfi, 3rd degree plants are 13 taxa of Dryopteris gymnophylla, Juniperus chinensis, Betula chinensis, Betula davurica, Diarrhena fauriei, Aconitum longecassidatum, Eranthis stellata, Spiraea salicifolia, Acer palmatum, Vaccinium koreanum, Scutellaria insignis, Weigela florida and Adoxa moschatellina.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.62-71
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• 2021

The climate is changing rapidly, and this may pose a major threat to global biodiversity. One of the most distinctive consequences of climate change is the poleward and/or upward shift of species distribution ranges associated with increasing temperatures, resulting in a change of species composition and community structure in the forest ecosystems. The Baekdudaegan mountain range connects most forests from the lowland to the subalpine zone in South Korea and is therefore recognized as one of the most important biodiversity hotspots. This study was conducted to understand the distribution range of vascular plants along elevational gradients through field surveys in the six national parks of the Baekdudaegan mountain range. We identified the upper and lower distribution limits of a total of 873 taxa of vascular plants with 117 families, 418 genera, 793 species, 14 subspecies, 62 varieties, two forms, and two hybrids. A total of 12 conifers were recorded along the elevational gradient. The distribution ranges of Abies koreana, Picea jezoensis, Pinus pumila, and Thuja koraiensis were limited to over 1000 m above sea level. We also identified 21 broad-leaved trees in the subalpine zone. A total of 45 Korean endemic plant species were observed, and of these, 15 taxa (including Aconitum chiisanense and Hanabusaya asiatica) showed a narrow distribution range in the subalpine zone. Our study provides valuable information on the current elevational distribution ranges of vascular plants in the six national parks of South Korea, which could serve as a baseline for vertical shifts under future climate change.