• 한국토양환경학회지
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.39-47
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• 1997

경북 봉화군에 소재한 폐광산인 다덕광산 광미장 및 인근 농경지를 대상으로 금속성분 및 시안의 분포특성과 광미장을 통과하여 방류하는 산성침출수의 생성원인을 파악하였다. 토양오염 공정 시험법에 의한 분석자료에 의하면 광미장 주변의 논 및 밭에서 As이 농경지 토양오염대책 기준인 15mg/kg을 초과하여 광미의 유입에 의해 토양이 오염되는 것으로 나타났다. 광미중에는 As, Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn 및 5 등이 매우 높게 함유된 것으로 나타났고 특히 산화가 진행된 광미장 지표면 부근의 광미에는 이러한 성분들이 용탈되어 산성침출수가 농수로 방류되고 있다. 따라서 토양오염 및 농수로의 오염의 확산 방지를 위해서는 광산주변에 산재하고 있는 광미 및 광미장에 대한환경오염방지 대책이 필요하다고 판단된다.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.76-80
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• 2015

Background: Identifying suitable site for growing mountain-cultivated ginseng is a concern for ginseng producers. This study was conducted to evaluate the soil properties of cultivation sites for mountain-cultivated ginseng in Hamyang-gun, which is one of the most well-known areas for mountain-cultivated ginseng in Korea. Methods: The sampling plots from 30 sites were randomly selected on or near the center of the ginseng growing sites in July and August 2009. Soil samples for the soil properties analysis were collected from the top 20 cm at five randomly selected points. Results: Mountain-cultivated ginseng was grown in soils that varied greatly in soil properties on coniferous, mixed, and deciduous broad-leaved stand sites of elevations between > 200mand < 1,000 m. The soil bulk density was higher in Pinus densiflora than in Larix leptolepis stand sites and higher in the < 700-m sites than in > 700-m sites. Soil pH was unaffected by the type of stand sites (pH 4.35-4.55), whereas the high-elevation sites of > 700mwere strongly acidified, with pH 4.19. The organic carbon and total nitrogen content were lower in the P. densiflora stand sites than in the deciduous broad-leaved stand sites. Available phosphorus was low in all of the stand sites. The exchangeable cationwas generally higher in the mixed and low-elevation sites than in the P. densiflora and high-elevation sites, respectively. Conclusion: These results indicate that mountain-cultivated ginseng in Korea is able to grow in very acidic, nutrient-depleted forest soils.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제38권1호
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• pp.21-37
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• 2022

The present study was carried out to evaluate the chemical properties of soil in relation to forest structure and composition at different altitudes (900-2,600 m asl) in a part of Western Himalaya. The composite soil samples were taken from three (viz. upper, middle and lower) depths. The soils of the whole study area were acidic in nature (pH=4.90-5.51). Contents of Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P), Potassium (K), Carbon (C) and soil organic matter (SOM) showed much fluctuation during different seasons of year. Nitrogen content showed significant positive correlations with altitude (r=0.924, p<0.05) and different community parameters like species diversity (r=0.892, p<0.01) and species richness (r=0.941, p<0.05). Phosphorus exhibited direct correlations with carbon (r=0.637) while weak negative correlations with different community parameters like species richness & diversity, total basal cover (TBC), density and canopy cover. Carbon content and hence SOM showed direct correlations with Nitrogen (r=0.821, p<0.01); Phosphorus (r=0.637, ns) and Potassium (r=0.540, ns). But no significant relationship was observed between K content and species richness (p=0.30, r=-0.504); between K content and species diversity (p=0.14, r=-0.672); between P content and species diversity (p=0.29, r=-0.513) and species richness (p=0.23, r=-0.575). Among the different soil nutrients, only N showed a significant positive correlation with altitude while all others exhibited negative (but non-significant) correlation with it. The study revealed that the chemical properties affect and are reciprocally affected by forest structure and composition and that N rich soils of higher altitudes are best for the growth and development of forests.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.149-156
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• 1998

Enoronmental problems caused by certain geologic conditions Include pollution of soil by heavy metal, acidization of souls , acid mine drainage, Pound-water pollution, and natural radioactivity, as well as zoo-logical hazards such as landslide and subsidence. The acrid mine drainage contains large amount of heavy metals nO, therefore. cause serious pollution onto the nearby drainage systems and soils. In spite of this prospective environmental danger, few studies have been done on the acid mine drainage derived from non-metallic ore deposits such as pyrophyllitefNapseok) deposits. The sudo-bearing pyrophyllite ores, alteration zones, and mine talllngs of pyrophylllte deposits produce acrid mine drainage by the okidation of weathering. Compared to the fresh host rocks, the ores and altered rocks of pyrophyllite deposits produce acidic solution which contain higher amount of heavy metals because of OeP lower buffering capacity to acrid solution. The pus of urine water and nearby stream water of pyrophyllite deposits are 2.1~3.7, which are strong- ly acidic and much lower than that (6.2~7.2) of upstream water and than that (6.8~7.6) of the stream water derived from the non-mineralized area. This study reveals that this acrid mine drainage can affect the downstream area which is 8km far from the pyrophyllite deposits, even though the drain Is diluted with abundant non-contaminated river water This suggmists that not only acid mine drainage but also the sulfide-bearing sediments originated from the pyrophyllite deposits move downstream and form acidic water through continuous oxidation reaction. The heavy metals such as Pb, Zn, Cu, Cd, Nl, Mn and Fe are enriched In the mine water of low pH, and their contents decrease as the pH of mine water Increases because of the Influx of fresh stream wainer. SoUs of the Pyrophyulte deposits are characterized by high contents of heavy metals. The stream sediments containing the yellowish brown precipitates formed by neutralization of acid mine drainage occur in all parts of the stream derived from the pyrophyllite deposits, and the sediments also contain high amounts of heavy metals. In summary, the acid mine drainage of the pyrophyllite deposits is located in the upstream part of Hoidong water reservoir in Pusan contains large amounts of heavy metals and flows into the Holdong water reservoir without any purification process. To protect the water of Holdong reservoir, the acid mine drainage should be treated with a proper purification process.

• 한국토양환경학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.55-63
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• 1998

본 연구에서는 광산 인근 토양에서 산성비를 비롯한 침출수에 의한 지하 환경 오염 메카니즘을 검토하고, 오염 방지 및 교정과 대안의 효과를 정량화 하기 위한 방안을 고찰하였다. 이를 위하여 중금속인 비소의 오염도가 높은 토양을 대상으로 인위적 산성용액에 의한 비소의 용출을 실험적으로 검토하였다. 한편, 산성 침출오염수에 의한 지하 환경의 오염을 방지하기 위하여 석회석을 활용한 토양의 안정화방법의 효과를 살펴 보았다. 오염된 시료토양에 포함된 비소는 pH 1이하의 강산성 용액일수록 격렬히 용출되었으며, pH 값이 낮아질 수록 최대 용출량은 증가되는 것으로 나타났다. 석회석에 의한 토양 안정화방안은 매우 효과적이었으며, 석회석에 의한 산성용액의 중화반응 특성식은 미반응 핵 모델중에서 화학반응이 속도지배인 특성식에 잘 부합되는 것으로 보여진다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.23-27
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• 1974

염기포화도(鹽基飽和度)가 40% 미만(未滿)이고 유효인산함량(有效燐酸含量)이 매우 낮은 3개토양(三個土壤)에 대(對)해 염기포화도(鹽基飽和度) 조절(調節) 및 인산시용(燐酸施用)의 효과(效果)를 검토(檢討)하기 위(爲)해 인산(燐酸) 40 ppm 및 80 ppm을 시용(施用)하고 염기포화도(鹽基飽和度)를 무조절(無調節), 60% 및 80%로 조절(調節)하여 대두(大豆)를 공시작물(供試作物)로 pot시험(試驗)을 실시(實施)했든바 다음과 같은 결과(結果)를 얻었다. 1) 유효인산함량(有效燐酸含量)이 매우 적었던 이들 토양(土壤)에 대(對)해 인산(燐酸) 40ppm 및 80ppm 시용(施用)은 효과적(效果的)인 시용량(施用量)이 아니었던 것 같다. 2) 염기포화도(鹽基飽和度)를 60%까지 상승(上昇)시키도록 조절(調節)한 경우(境遇) 무조절(無調節) 비(比)해 현저(顯著)한 수량(收量)의 증가(增加) 및 식물(植物) 중(中)의 염기(鹽基)의 증가(增加)가 있었으나 그 이상(以上)에서는 이런 효과(效果)가 없었다. 6) Ca 포화도(飽和度)와 Mg 포화도(飽和度)의 효과(效果)를 개별적(個別的)으로 살펴볼 때 Ca 포화도(飽和度)는 35~55%로 충분(充分)한 것으로 나타났으나 Mg 포화도(飽和度)는 10~15%의 범위(範圍)에서 직선적(直線的)으로 수량(收量)과 정(正)의 상관(相關)을 나타 내었으므로 우리나라 조건(條件)에서는 Mg의 포화도(飽和度)가 15% 보다 훨씬 높아야 할것이 추측(推測)되었다. 4) 이 점(點)으로 미루어 보아 우리나라의 전(全) 경지(耕地)에는 Mg의 상대적(相對的) 부족(不足)이 있을것이 예상되며 Mg가 포함(包含)되지 않는 석회(石灰)의 일방적(一方的) 시용(施用)은 이를 악화(惡化)할 것이다.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.327-333
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• 2003

A mixed forest of pines (Pines densiflora and Pinus rigida) and an oak forest (Quercus mongolica) in Mt. Kwanak in Seoul were limed with 1.5 t/ha and 3 t/ha of dolomite in 1993 and investigated the effects of liming on the chemical changes in the 0-5 cm and 5∼10 cm layers of soil from 1994 to 1995. Soil pH values were greater in the limed plots than in the control plot by the unit of 0.1-0.6 in the pine forest and 0.1∼0.2 in the oak forest. Ca concentrations in the limed plots were greater than those in the control plots in both the pine and oak forests. A considerable increase in Mg concentrations in soil was observed in the limed plots. K and Na concentrations in the limed plots appeared to decrease in both the pine and oak forests two years after liming. Although Al concentrations were greater in the limed plots than in the control plot in the pine forest in 1994, there was a tendency of a decrease in the concentration of this metal in the limed plots in 1995. Mn concentrations also tended to decrease in the limed plots in both the pine and oak forests.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제50권2호
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• pp.108-111
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• 2005

A field study was conducted to develop an economically suitable combination of organic and inorganic fertilizers for sugarcane cultivation in sandy acidic soil of a commercial sugarcane farm under Old Himalayan Piedmont Plain of Bangladesh. Results revealed that the treatment $T_4$ which received $75\%$ of Recommended fertilizers (N 120, P 35, K 100, S 25, Zn 2 kg $ha^{-1}$) + 10 Mg $ha^{-1}$ Rice mill ash + Mg $ha^{-1}$ press mud significantly produced higher sugarcane yield (72.34 Mg $ha^{-1}$) among all the treatments except $T_5$ having $100\%$ of Recommended fertilizers + 10 Mg $ha^{-1}$ Rice mill ash + 10 Mg $ha^{-1}$ press mud, which was identical. $T_4$ also gave the highest net economic benefit at Bangladesh Taka 15,920.47 per hectare from the added nutrient management. Thus, the integrated use with organic and inorganic fertilizer is highly essential for sustainable production of sugarcane in commercial farm of the region in Bangladesh, where it has been grown year after year.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지하수토양환경학회 1998년도 총회 및 춘계 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.3-7
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• 1998

본 연구에서는 광산 인근 토양에서 산성비를 비롯한 침출수에 의한 지하 환경 오염 메카니즘을 검토하고, 오염 방지 및 교정과 대안의 효과를 정량화 하기 위한 방안을 고찰하였다. 이를 위하여 중금속인 비소의 오염도가 높은 토양을 대상으로 인위적 산성용액에 의한 비소의 용출을 실험적으로 검토하였다. 한편, 산성 침출오염수에 의한 지하 환경의 오염을 방지하기 위하여 석회석을 활용한 토양의 안정화방법의 효과를 살펴보았다. 오염된 시료토양에 포함된 비소는 pH 1 이하의 강산성 용액일수록 격렬히 용출되었으며, pH 값이 낮아질 수록 최대 용출량은 증가되는 것으로 나타났다. 석회석에 의한 토양 안정화방안은 매우 효과적이었으며, 석회석에 의한 산성용액의 중화반응 특성식은 미반응 핵 모델중에서 화학반응이 속도지배인 특성식에 잘 부합되는 것으로 보여진다.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제1권4호
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• pp.291-306
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• 2009

One-dimensional soil-column studies were carried out to understand the interaction of three industrial effluents namely amino acid ('highly acidic'), surfactant ('highly organic') and pharmaceutical ('organic and toxic') on the physicochemical behavior, index properties and shear strength of bentonite due to artificial contamination extending to nearly 300 days. Changes in inorganic and organic pollutants present in the effluents due to the interaction of the above effluents and soil were assessed to understand the physico-chemical behaviour. Batch and continuous modes of operation, 8 hrs and 16 hrs Hydraulic Retention Time [HRT] and 25%, 50% concentrations of effluents, were the parameters considered. Amino acid, surfactant and pharmaceutical effluents have shown a high variation in pH (7 to 8) after artificial contamination on bentonite that is their original characteristics of the above effluents have been completely reversed. Further, it is found that the shear strength of bentonite has reduced by about 20%, and with respect to liquid limit and plastic limit shows an increasing trend with time within the period of contamination.