• 펄프종이기술
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.17-22
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• 2005

The cleaning efficiency of papermaking felt which is contaminated with fiber fines and various micro-materials was investigated and compared between the application of enzyme and commercial detergent. It was found that the cleaning efficiency by the treatment of acidic-based detergent was more efficient than that of alkaline-based one in the conventional commercial detergent. it was also observed that the treatment design of first acidic-based detergent treatment to second alkaline-based detergent procedure was better in the cleaning efficiency, compared to alkaline based-to-acidic based one. The cleaning property of felt with enzyme was resulted in good cleaning efficiency, without any addition of surfactant. Especially, the enzyme treatment under alkaline condition (pH 10) showed a better cleaning result than that under acidic condition(pH 5). The addition of nonionic surfactant to the enzyme increased the cleaning efficiency of felt and decreased the cationic demand of wastewater. These results showed more favour than the application of conventional commercial detergent.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.853-858
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• 2003

Helicobacter pylori specifically adhere to host cells through a number of putative receptors and ligands, mainly based on carbohydrate-protein interactions. Polysaccharide fractions isolated from the leaves of Artemisia capillaris showed different inhibitory activities against H. pylori adhesion by using hemagglutination assay. Among these fractions, an acidic polysaccharide fraction FlA showed highly effective inhibitory activity, and its minimum inhibition concentration was 0.63 mg/ml. The inhibition results by the hemagglutination assay were consistent with those obtained by the enzymelinked glycosorbent assay, which was developed by the conjugation of horseradish peroxidase with fetuin, a sialic acid-containing glycoprotein which was specific to H. pylori adhesion. FlA contained the highest carbohydrate content among polysaccharide fractions, and no protein was detectable when further purified by gel filtration FPLC. Sugar composition analysis using GC revealed the highest amount of galacturonic acid among sugars, which suggests that FlA contains essentially acidic polysaccharides. Our data suggest that acidic polysaccharides may play an important role in the inhibition of H. pylori adhesion to host cells.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.568-574
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• 2000

Phytofluene를 dichloromethane에 용해하고 dry ice 상에서 ozonolysis를 행하였다. Ozonolysis에 의해 생성된 화합물은 silica gel chromatography를 행 하여 분획하고, photodiode array detector를 이용하여 ODS-HPLC로 분석하였다. Phytofluene을 5% Tween 40 수용액에 용해하고 37$^{\circ}C$, 24시간 자동산화시킨 결과, 다수의 carbonyl 및 acidic 화합물의 생성되었다. Phytofluene의 자동산화로부터 생성된 carbonyl 화 합물의 대부분은 ozonolysis에 얻어진 산화개열산물이 나타내는 HPLC상의 거동과 분광학적 특성이 서로 잘 일치하였다. 또한 phytofluene의 자동산화에 의해 생성된 중앙개열 acidic 화합물은 생성활성을 나타내는 4,5-didehydrogeranyl geranyl acid 표준품과 동일한 분광학 적 특성을 나타냈다. 이러한 결과는 in vitro 상의 산화적 조건하에서 phytofluene의 자동산 화에 의해 eccentric cleavage가 생성됨을 알 수 있었다.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.362-369
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• 2007

This paper was studied on the characteristics of acid resistance and thermal shock for epoxy coatings in the strong acidic environment. The exhaust gas system, such as a air preheater, desulfurization equipment, for industrial boiler is damaged by dew point corrosion. To protect the acid corrosion, the coating using nonmetal was applied. The electrochemical polarization test, acid resistance and thermal shock test for epoxy coatings were carried out. And the acid resistance and thermal shock characteristics, aspect, and electrochemical anti-corrosion characteristics for epoxy coatings in the strong acidic environment were considered. The main results are as followings: As the epoxy glass flake coating by acidic thermal shock was damaged to the crack, blistering and elution etc., the current density of epoxy glass flake coating is high. But the damage of epoxy metal complex coating by acidic thermal shock was not occurred. Therefore the characteristics of acid resistance and thermal shock for epoxy metal complex coating is better than those for epoxy glass flake coating.

• 약학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.223-229
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• 1982

Uremia is associated with defective protein binding of weakly acidic drugs, whereas the protein binding of basic drugs tends to be normal. The exact chemical nature of compound(s) and mechanism for these changes as yet is unknown, and has not been defined. Organic solvent extraction of pooled normal human urine following hydrolysis by hydrochloric acid produced an extract, which when added to normal human serum, was capable of inducing binding defects similar to those in uremia. Binding defects were observed with the weakly acidic drugs such as nafcillin, salicylate, sulfamethoxazole and phenytoin while the binding of the basic drugs such as trimethoprim and quinidine were unaffected. The binding defects induced by the hydrolyzed urine extract could readily be corrected by same organic solvent extraction of acidified serum and the defects could be transferred to the normal human serum using the organic solvent layer at the physiologic pH (7.4). Followed by reacidification ind extraction of the binding defects induced serum with the same solvent, separated several fractions were obtained on thin-layer chromatography. One of these fractions could reinduce the binding defects and this factor(s) is apparently weakly acidic compounds and tightly bound to serum at physiologic pH, but extractable at acidic pH, and its molecular weight range is approximately 500 or less similar to those seen in uremia. These findings strongly support the hypothesis that the drug binding defect in uremia is due to the accumulation of endogenous metabolic products which arc normally excreted by the kidneys but accumulate in renal failure.

• 약학회지
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.113-119
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• 2002

The composition of monosaccharides of acidic polysaccharide isolated from ethanol-insoluble and water-soluble fractions of red ginseng roots was analysed and its immunological activities were investigated. Red ginseng acidic polysaccharide (RGAP) was composed of glucose (26.1 mole %), arabinose (1.6 mole %), glucuroninc acid (51.8 mol %) and galacturonic acid (5.1 mole %) as determined by gas liquid chromatography. Addition of RGAP increased production of nitric oxide (NO) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-$\alpha$ in the rodent macrophage cultures. Peritoneal macrophages from RGAP-treated mice exhibited potent tumoricidal activities toward P815 and WEHI 164 tumor cells. It was also observed that concentrations of NO and TNF-$\alpha$ were high in the culture medium of macrophages from the mice administered with RGAP. Moreover, treatment of RGAP in vivo stimulated tumoricidal activities of natural killer (NK) cells. Treatment with RGAP increased life span of sarcoma 180-bearing mice and decreased tumor weights of B16-tumor-bearing mice. These results suggest that activation of macrophages and NK cells serve to enhance in vivo anticancer activities of RGAP.

• 약학회지
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• 제50권4호
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• pp.215-219
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• 2006

This study was carried out to obtain the basic information for non-saponin contents that can be used to index fresh ginseng roots (Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer) cultivated in the Republic of Korea and China. Non-saponin components in fresh gingeng roots which were cultivated in various areas and ages in Korea were determined. Acidic polysaccharide, total polysaccharide, crude polyacetylene were quantitatively analyzed by using the method of spectrophotometric determination, while the total protein was analyzed by using Lowry method. The results show that there were no statistically significant differences for the average contents of four non-saponins among 4-years-old, 5-years-old, and 6-years-old fresh ginseng roots. Additionally, this study assessed the average contents of non-saponin components in 4-years-old fresh ginseng roots (Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer) which were cultivated in Korea and China. The result showed that the average contents of crude polyacetylene and acidic polysaccharide were statistically significant. Four-years-old fresh ginseng roots cultivated in Korea had the higher average contents of crude polyacetylene and acidic polysaccharide than those cultivated in China. However the average contents of total polysaccharide and total protein had no statistically significant difference.

• 한국환경성돌연변이발암원학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.7-11
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• 1997

Variations in adriamycin uptake and cytotoxicity were studied in tumor cells that were grown in different growth states and microenvironments. RIF-1 tumor cells were maintained in an RPMI 1640 medium, and grown in either a monolayer or multicell spheroids. For exponentially growing cells, adriamycin cytotoxicity increased with increased dosage up to 2.5 $\mu$g/ml, and this cytotoxicity was reduced when the cells were grown in a plateau phase or in an acidic microenvironment (pH 6.6). This reduced cytotoxicity was correlated with the uptake of the drug. For multicell spheroids, the cytotoxicity of the drug was reduced dramatically, and this reduction was also correlated with a reduced uptake of the drug and an acidic pH inside of the spheroids. When the drug cytotoxicity was evaluated at different locations within the spheroids, the cells in the inner regions were least affected by the drug, suggesting that both an acidic microenvironment and noncycling plateau phase cells are contributing factors in decreasing the efficacy of the drug in an organized tissue, such as multicell spheroids.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.121-126
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• 2009

Korean ginseng (Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer) has been used as an important medicinal plant in the Orient for a long time. It has been claimed that ginseng has many beneficial bioactive effects on human health, such as antitumor, antistress, antiaging and enhancing immune functions. Red ginseng possibly have new ingredients converted during steaming and dry process from fresh ginseng. In this study, pharmacological efficacy and ingredient conversion of ginseng by 9 repetitive steaming and drying process were investigated measuring conversion efficiency of acidic-polysaccharide, phenolic compounds and inhibition of peroxide lipides. It was found that acidic-polysaccarides were increased by heat treatment. In addition, maltol of phenolic compounds, strong antioxidant, produced during the process of red ginseng by Maillard reaction. Acidic-polysaccarides and maltol were increased after the 1st and 3rd steaming and drying treatments, but they were decreased gradually after 5th, 7th, and 9th treatments. Antioxidant activity was increased as increasing treatment times of steaming and drying without significance. Effect of red ginseng extract on inhibition of peroxide was increased gradually until after the 7th treatment, but remarkably decreased after the 9th treatment.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.85-106
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• 1976

The Bulgugsa acidic igneous rocks of the late Cretaceous age are largely distributed in Busan area, which is located in the southeastern corner of the Korean Peninsula. These igneous rocks comprise in ascending order, felsite, dacitic-rhyolitic welded tuffs, granite porphyry and granitic rocks. The former three members represent the early phase of volcanic activities, so that they are named as Jangsan volcanic rocks. The granitic rocks consist of granodiorite, hornblende biotite granite, Kumjongsan granite, fine grained granite, and Daebyen granite, represent the late phase of igneous activities. The Kumjongsan grainte, the largest pluton of the granitic mass, emplaced between two great vertical faults trending NNE. New chemical analyses of 33 rock samples of these acidic rocks are given. Their chemical compositions are generally similar to those of the late Mesozoic acidic igneous rocks of the northern Ashio mountains, and C-Zone granite group of the Ogcheon geosyncline, with their characteristic variation trends of several oxides. Their chemical compositions also show that $Al_2O_3$ is high value, and differentiation index is high, too. Systematically developing joints in Kumjungsan granite are divisible into two types at least. One is the NS-N $20^{\circ}E$ trendirig, $85^{\circ}{\sim}90^{\circ}$ dipping type of joint system which coincides with the trends of distribution of the granite mass and the dikes intruding this granite. Joints of this type may be cooling joints generated as tension cracks. The other is the $N60^{\circ}{\sim}70^{\circ}W$ or $N40^{\circ}{\sim}60^{\circ}E$ trending type of joint systems. It is considered that. joints belonging to this type may be shear joint occurring under the state of south-north tectonic couple acting at the east and west side of the granite mass. Igneous activities of the the Bulgugsa acidic igneous rocks in Busan area was taken place as. follows, formation of the magma reservoir, eruption and intrusion of felsite, consolidation of vents. and increasing vapor pressure in magma reservoir, eruption of pyroclastic flows, caldera collapse, intrusion of granite porphyry, and intrusion of granitic rocks at the latest stage.