• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.202-205
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• 2002

This study was carried out to investigate the optimum conditions for extraction of acidic polysaccharide from red ginseng marc produced by manufacturing alcoholic and water extract from red ginseng. Extraction efficacy of acidic polysaccharide from dried red ginseng marc was higher than that before drying. The appropriate conditions for the extraction of acidic polysaccharide from red ginseng marc were particle size under 3.35 mm after drying red ginseng marc, 1∼2 hours of extraction time and 2∼3 extraction times, respectively. The amount of acidic polysaccharide in water extract from red ginseng marc treated with $\alpha$-amylase and cellulase increased about 20∼50%. From the above resuts, we suggest that red ginseng marc produced by manufacturing alcoholic and water extract of red ginseng has higher potencies in the utilization of waste materials.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.78-87
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• 2017

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of various washing waters on the quality and safety characteristics of eggs during storage. Eggs were washed with tap water, 100 ppm of sodium hypochlorite, or 30 ppm of slightly acidic electrolyzed water and stored at $10^{\circ}C$ and $20^{\circ}C$. Effects of various washing waters on reduction of Salmonella Enteritidis and aerobic plate counts and survival of S. Enteritidis on egg shells were also analyzed at $10^{\circ}C$ and $20^{\circ}C$ for 25 days. As an index of quality, haugh unit, weight reduction, and pHs of egg white and egg yolk were measured. Reduction percentages of haugh unit and weight were higher at $20^{\circ}C$ than at $10^{\circ}C$. Egg qualities were less affected by tap water, slightly acidic electrolyzed water, and sodium hypochlorite, regardless of storage temperature. The greatest reductions in aerobic plate counts and S. Enteritidis were observed with slightly acidic electrolyzed water. The level of S. Enteritidis on egg shells gradually decreased during 20 days of storage at both $10^{\circ}C$ and $20^{\circ}C$, whereas S. Enteritidis survived longer at $20^{\circ}C$ than at $10^{\circ}C$. S. Enteritidis was not detected in eggs at $10^{\circ}C$, 2.13 log CFU/g of S. Enteritidis was detected in eggs washed with sodium hypochlorite after 20 days of storage at $20^{\circ}C$, indicating that S. Enteritidis penetrated into the egg shell during storage at $20^{\circ}C$. In conclusion, slightly acidic electrolyzed water increased microbial reduction and least affected quality of washed eggs. Thus, slightly acidic electrolyzed water can be recommended for washing of graded eggs, at retail markets.

• Journal of the Korean institute of surface engineering
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.105-110
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• 2010

Electroless nickel plating on porous carbon substrate for the application of MCFC electrodes was investigated. Acidic and alkaline bath were used for the electroless nickel plating. The pore sizes of carbon substrates were 16-20 ${\mu}m$ and over 20 ${\mu}m$. The carbon surface was changed from hydrophobic to hydrophilic after immersing the substrate in an ammonia solution for 40 min at $60^{\circ}C$. The contact angle of water was decreased from $85^{\circ}C$ to less than $20^{\circ}$ after ammonia pretreatment. The deposition rate in the alkaline bath was higher than that in the acidic bath. The deposition rate was increased with increasing pH in both acidic and alkaline bath. The content of phosphorous in nickel deposit was decreased with increasing pH in both acidic and alkaline bath. The contents of phosphorous is low in alkaline bath. The minimum concentration of $PdCl_2$ for the electroless nickel plating was 10 ppm in alkaline bath and 5 ppm in acidic bath. The thickness of nickel was not affected by the concentration of $PdCl_2$.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.285-289
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• 2006

In this study, the effect of an acidic treatment on granular activated carbon (GAC) and activated carbon fibers (ACF) was investigated for a $Pb^{2+}$ and $Ni^{2+}$ ion adsorption. 1.0 M nitric acid solution was used as the acid solution for the surface treatment. Surface properties of the GAC and ACF were characterized by the pH, elemental analysis and pHpzc (pH of the point of zero charge). Their specific surface area and the pore structure were also evaluated by the nitrogen adsorption data at 77K. As a result, the acidic treatment led to an increase of the oxygen-containing functional groups. Furthermore, the adsorption capacity of the acid-treated GAC and ACF was improved in the order of acidic-ACF > untreated-ACF > acidic-GAC > untreated-GAC, though the decrease in specific surface area induced by a pore blocking of the functional groups was observed.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.141-149
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• 2017

The geology of Saok island area in Jeollanam-do can be divided into 4 lithologic types: Jurassic granite, Cretaceous sedimentary rocks, acidic tuff and acidic dikes. In the Saok island area, dinosaur and web-footed bird footprints, arthropod trackway and silicified wood were found recently in the Cretaceous sedimentary rocks which composed of alternating light grey sandstone, shale and mudrock. The fossil-bearing sedimentary rock is overlain by an acidic tuff, and the sedimentary rock and acidic tuff are cut by acidic dykes. In order to constrain the depositional age of the Cretaceous sedimentary rocks in Saok island area, SHRIMP U-Pb zircon ages were determined in the tuffaceous sandstone and overlying acidic tuff. Zircon U-Pb ages of the sandstone and tuff are $83.58{\pm}0.86$ and $79.80{\pm}0.75Ma$, respectively, which belong to the Campanian of the Late Cretaceous. The U-Pb age of the acidic tuff indicates the eruption time of acidic tuff and thus the minimum age of the fossil-bearing sedimentary rocks in this area. Therefore, the formation age of the dinosaur and web-footed bird footprints can be constrained between 83.6 and 79.8 Ma.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.159-160
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• 2003

• Proceedings of the Microbiological Society of Korea Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.217.2-217.2
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• 2002

• Proceedings of the Zoological Society Korea Conference
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• 1999.10b
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• pp.224.1-224
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• 1999

No Abstract, See Full Text

• The Journal of Engineering Geology
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• v.14 no.4 s.41
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• pp.401-416
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• 2004

We have collected shale specimens from the Pungam Basin in Kangwon province and investigated change of physical properties by freezing and thawing in water as well as in acidic fluid. The temperature range was $-20{\pm}2^{\circ}C\~15{\pm}2^{\circ}C$. Specimens were frozen for 12 hours and thawed in water for 8 hours. Then, they were saturated in the vacuum chamber for 4 hours to make specimens fully saturated. This procedure was 1 cycle. We have measured absorption, ultrasonic velocity, shore hardness, slake durability and uniaxial compressive strength at every 5th cycles. The physical properties increased or decreased as freezing and thawing cycles increased. Uniaxial compressive strength decreased by 0.40MPa per cycle in water and by 0.48MPa in acidic fluid. Elastic constant also decreased by 0.21GPa per cycle in water and by 0.30GPa in acidic fluid. Absorption increased by $0.29\%$ and $0.37\%$ per cycle in water and acidic fluid, respectively. These results indicate that decrease in uniaxial compressive strength, elastic constant and absorption by freezing and thawing in acidic fluid is more rapid than in water. Ultrasonic velocities, shore hardness and slake durability show no differences in water and acidic fluid. When we compared our results with the temperatures in the Hongchon during the winter season, $6\~12$ cycles may be equivalent to 1 year.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.253-258
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• 1999

The present study describes histochemical properties of the mucosubstances in the pedal sole of abalone, in relation to two main additional functions known to date. Only neutral mucosubstances were demonstrated in the lateral epithelium of the pedal sole of the abalone, however, two distinct types of cells, one containing neutral and the other containing acidic mucosubstances, were identified in the ventral epithelium. The epithelial mucocytes distributed throughout both epithelial and subepithelial glands located in the ventral subepithelial region showed a mixture of neutral and acidic mucosubstances. However, acidic mucosubstances were found in larger amounts than neutral ones in epithelial mucocytes, and vice versa in subepithelial glands. Among these acidic mucosubstances, sulphated substances were dominant. Lesser amounts of carboxylated substances also occurred together with low levels of neuramic and sialic acid. Collectively, the notable morphological differences between abalone and other gastropoda were observed in the ventral surface of the foot, which showed a tall columnar epithelium, peripherally concentrated mucocytes, and subepithelial glands. Mucosubstances are presumably produced by these cells and may also play a role in clinging to some substances to support abalones in addition to the main functions of lubrication and protection.