• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제21권9호
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• pp.1318-1323
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• 2008

Corn distiller's dried grains with solubles (DDGS) is a completely new feed ingredient in the Korean feed market. There is an ever increasing need for the Korean feed industry to import and make the best of it as a high protein and high energy feed ingredient. A layer feeding trial was conducted for 10 weeks to investigate the effects of addition of light-colored DDGS to layer diets on laying performance, egg qualities and yolk fatty acid composition. Also, the economics of using DDGS in the Korean situation was analyzed. Nine hundred Hy-line Brown layers, 24 weeks of age, were employed in a feeding trial consisting of four dietary treatments (0, 10, 15, and 20% DDGS), and five replicates per treatment. All experimental diets were prepared as iso-protein (17%) and iso-calorie (TMEn 2,780 kcal/kg). The use of DDGS up to 20% in layer diets did not exert any influence on feed intake, laying rate, total egg mass, mean egg weight and feed conversion ratio (p>0.05). The color and breaking strength of eggshell, as well as the albumin height and Haugh unit were not affected by the addition of DDGS up to 20% in the diet. The yolk color was significantly increased by DDGS supplementation (p<0.05). As the DDGS level increased, the oleic acid content decreased, and the linoleic acid increased (p<0.05) in egg yolk. The degree of saturation of yolk fatty acids was not affected by DDGS supplementation. The inclusion of light-colored DDGS up to 20% in layer diets resulted in a decrease of feed cost per kg without any undesirable effect on laying performance. In conclusion, the light-colored DDGS (L* 56.65) could be used up to 20% in layer diets without any harmful effect on laying performance, and possibly provide economic benefits to the Korean poultry industry.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.104-113
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• 2012

Two experiments were conducted to determine the digestibility of crude protein (CP), amino acids and energy in three Chinese corn distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS), one rice DDGS, one American corn DDGS and one American high protein distillers dried grains (HP-DDG). In Exp. 1, the apparent ileal digestibility (AID) and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of CP and amino acids in the six samples were determined using cannulated barrows (initial BW: $43.3{\pm}1.7$ kg). In Exp. 2, the digestible energy (DE) and metabolizable energy (ME) content of these six samples were determined using crossbred barrows (initial BW: $46.0{\pm}2.5$ kg). The results of the two experiments indicated that Chinese corn DDGS is generally similar to American DDGS in chemical composition, digestibility of amino acids, DE and ME. However, Chinese DDGS had a lower Lys concentration (0.50% vs. 0.74%) and SID Lys (52.3% vs. 57.0%, p<0.01). The DE and ME values in Chinese corn DDGS were 3,427 and 3,306 kcal/kg, respectively. Rice DDGS had a similar DE and ME (3,363 and 3,228 kcal/kg) but higher Lys concentration (0.64% vs. 0.50%) to corn DDGS, while the SID of Lys was quite low (61.8%, p<0.01). HP-DDG had high value of SID of Lys, DE and ME (79.8%, 3,899 and 3,746 kcal/kg). In conclusion, except for a lower Lys concentrations and availability, the chemical composition, digestibility of amino acids, DE and ME values in Chinese corn DDGS are similar to American corn DDGS. Additionally, the rice DDGS had lower Lys content and digestible Lys values than that in corn DDGS. Thirdly, HP-DDG has higher levels of digestible amino acids and energy than DDGS.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.247-255
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• 2009

본 시험은 육계 사료내 CDDGS의 첨가 수준과 phytase의 첨가유무가육계의생산성과영양소이용률에미치는영향을 구명하기 위해 수행하였다. 공시계는 시판 육계(Ross 308) 수컷 384수를 공시하였으며, CDDGS 4처리(0, 5, 10, 15%)와 phytase 2처리(0, 500 FTU/kg)의 $4{\times}2$ 복합 요인으로 총 8처리구, 처리구당 4반복, 반복당 12수를 체중별로 완전임의 배치하였다. 사양 시험이 끝난 육계는 체중이 유사한 개체를 12수씩 선별하여 1주간 동일 사료 급여 후 1주간 소화 시험을 실시하였다. 시험 사료는 육계 초기(0~2주), 전기(2~4주)와 후기(4~6)의 기본 사료에 CDDGS를 0, 5, 10 및 15% 첨가하였으며, ME가와 CP는 일정하게 유지하였다. 육계 사양기간 동안의 증체량과 사료 효율은 phytase 처리구에서 높게 나타났으며(P<0.05), 사료 섭취량은 모든 처리구간에 차이가 없었다. 일반성분의경우, 건물과조단백질의소화율은 전처리 구간에 차이가 없었으나, 조지방의 소화율은 CDDGS 5% 처리구에서 75.8%로 유의적으로 낮았다(P<0.05). 조섬유의 소화율은 CDDGS와 phytase 첨가구에서 소화율의 증가를 보였다(P<0.05). 필수 아미노산의 경우, iso-leucine, lysine, threonine 및 valine에서 소화율이 증가하였으며(P<0.05), 비필수 아미노산은 aspartic acid, proline, serine 및 tyrosine에서 소화율이 개선되었다(P<0.05). 따라서, 본 시험에서 육계 사료 내 CDDGS와 phytase 첨가는 육계의 생산성과 영양소 이용률을 개선시켰다.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.53-60
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• 2007

본 시험은 품질이 양호한 미국산 DDGS를 산란계 사료에 급여시 산란성적, 계란의 품질 및 난황지질의 총지방 함량과 지방산 조성에 미치는 영양적 가치를 평가하기 위해 실시하였다. 24주령의 Hyline Brown 계통의 산란계 900수에게 DDGS를 각각 0%, 10%, 15%, 20%를 첨가한 4가지의 동에너지 (TMEn 2,780 kcal/kg)-동단백질(17%) 사료를 10주간 급이하였다. 실험설계는 4처리 5반복의 완전임의 배치법을 사용하였다. 사료섭취량, 산란율, 총난중 및 사료요구율 등의 산란 생산성은 모든 처리구 사이에 유의한 차이가 없었다(P>0.05). DDGS 첨가는 계란의 난각중, 난각강도, 난각색, 난백고 및 Haugh units에 유의한 영향을 미치지 않았다(P>0.05). 그러나 난황색도의 경우 DDGS를 첨가하지 않은 대조구에 비해 DDGS의 첨가량이 증가함에 따라 난황색도가 유의적으로 증가하였다(linear, P<0.05). 한편, 난황지질의 총지방 함량은 유의적인 차이가 없었으며, DDGS가 증가함에 따라 난황 oleic acid는 유의하게 감소하였으며(linear, P<0.05), linoleic acid는 증가하였다(linear, P<0.05). DDGS 첨가는 난황지방산의 불포화도에 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 결론적으로, 산란계사료에서 DDGS를 15~20%까지 옥수수-대두박을 대체하여 사용할 경우 제반 산란성적에 아무런 영향이 없이 사용할 수 있다고 판단된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제24권11호
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• pp.1552-1559
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• 2011

Real time PCR was used in this study to determine the effect of triticale dried distillers grains with solubles (TDDGS) as a replacement for grain or barley silage in finishing diets on the presence of six classical ruminal bacterial species (Succinivibrio dextrinosolvens, Selenomonas ruminantium, Streptococcus bovis, Megasphaera elsdenii, Prevotella ruminicola and Fibrobacter succinogenes) within the rumen contents of feedlot cattle. This study was divided into a step-wise adaptation experiment (112 days) that examined the effects of adaptation to diets containing increasing levels of TDDGS up to 30% (n = 4), a short-term experiment comparing animals (n = 16) fed control, 20%, 25% or 30% TDDGS diets over 28 days, and a rapid transition experiment (56 days) where animals (n = 4) were rapidly switched from a diet containing 30% TDDGS to a barley-based diet with no TDDGS. It was found that feeding TDDGS as replacement for barley grain (control vs. 20% TDDGS) decreased 16S rRNA copy numbers of starch-fermenting S. ruminantium and S. bovis (p<0.001 and p = 0.04, respectively), but did not alter 16S rRNA copy numbers of the other rumen bacteria. Furthermore, feeding TDDGS as a replacement barley silage (20% vs. 25% and 30% TDDGS) increased 16S rRNA copy numbers of S. ruminantium, M. elsdenii and F. succinogenes (p<0.001; p = 0.03 and p<0.001, respectively), but decreased (p<0.001) the 16S rRNA copy number of P. ruminicola. Upon removal of 30% TDDGS and return to the control diet, 16S rRNA copy numbers of S. ruminantium, M. elsdenii and F. succinogenes decreased (p = 0.01; p = 0.03 and p = 0.01, respectively), but S. dextrinosolvens and S. bovis increased (p = 0.04 and p = 0.009, respectively). The results suggest that replacement of TDDGS for grain reduces 16S rRNA copy numbers of starch-fermenting bacteria, whereas substitution for barley silage increases 16S rRNA copy numbers of bacteria involved in fibre digestion and the metabolism of lactic acid. This outcome supports the contention that the fibre in TDDGS is highly fermentable.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.15-21
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• 2009

본 시험은 양질의 미국산 DDGS를 산란계 사료에 첨가하여 산란계의 생산성, 계란의 품질 및 난황 지질의 총지방 함량과 지방산 조성에 미치는 영양적 가치를 평가하고자 하였다. 또한, 가파르게 상승하고 있는 옥수수와 대두박을 대체할 원료 사료로써의 DDGS의 경제성을 검토하기 위해 실시하였다. 23주령의 Hy-line Brown 계통의 산란계 216수에 DDGS를 각각 0%, 10%, 20%를 첨가한 3가지의 동에너지 (TMEn 2,780 kcal/kg)-동단백질(17%) 사료를 10주간 급이하였다. 실험 설계는 3처리 6반복, 반복당 12수씩을 완전 임의배치하였다. 사료 섭취량, 산란율 및 난생산 사료 요구율 등의 산란 생산성은 모든 처리구 사이에 유의한 차이가 없었다(P>0.05). 실험 사료 급여 후 5주째와 10주째에 측정한 난각색, 난백고 및 Haugh unit는 DDGS 첨가에 의한 영향을 받지 않았다. 난각 무게, 난각 두께, 난각 강도와 같은 난각질에서는 5주째에는 영향을 받지 않았으나, 10주째에는 DDGS 20%구에서 유의하게 감소하였다(P<0.05). 난황색도의 경우 5주째와 10주째 공히 DDGS 0%구에 비해서 DDGS 20%구에서 유의하게 증가하였다(P<0.05). 난황 비율은 DDGS 20%구에서 DDGS 0%구에 비하여 유의하게 감소하였다(P<0.05). 난황의 총 지방 함량은 처리구 사이에 차이가 없었다. 난황의 일가불포화 지방산 함량은 DDGS 첨가에 의하여 감소하였으며, 다가불포화 지방산 함량은 DDGS 20%구에서 유의하게 증가하였다(P<0.05). DDGS 첨가는 난황 지방산의 불포화도에 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 각 처리구별 시험 사료의 kg당 단가는 DDGS 사용량이 증가할수록 저렴하게 나왔다. 계란 1 kg의 생산 비용도 DDGS 10%, DDGS 20%, DDGS 0% 순서로 저렴하게 나타나고 있어서, DDGS가 옥수수-대두박을 대체할 수 있는 경제성이 충분하다고 판단된다. 결론적으로 산란계 사료에서 DDGS를 20%까지 사용 할 경우 생산성의 큰 변화없이 경제성이 대조구보다는 우수하지만, DDGS를 10% 정도 첨가하여 사용하는 것이 더 경제적이라고 사료된다.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.107-114
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• 2020

This study was conducted to investigate the variation in nutrient composition of oilseed meals and to develop prediction equations for amino acid concentrations. Energy and nutrient contents were determined in a total of 1,380 feed ingredient samples including copra byproducts, corn distillers, dried grains with solubles, palm kernel byproducts, and soybean meal. The ingredient samples were imported to the Republic of Korea between 2006 and 2015. Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS. The regression procedure of SAS was used to generate the prediction equation for the lysine concentration using the crude protein (CP) concentration as an independent variable. The concentrations of moisture, gross energy, CP, ether extract, crude fiber, ash, calcium, phosphorus, lysine, methionine, cysteine, and threonine in tested oilseed meals differed (P<0.05) depending on producing countries. The prediction equations for amino acid concentrations (% as-is basis) in the oilseed meals are: lysine = -1.08 + 0.080 × CP (root mean square error = 0.244, R² = 0.924, and P<0.001); threonine = -0.297 + 0.044 × CP (root mean square error = 0.099, R² = 0.958, and P<0.001). In conclusion, energy and nutrient compositions vary in the oilseed meals depending on the producing countries. Moreover, the crude protein concentration can be used as a suitable independent variable for estimating lysine and threonine concentrations in the oilseed meals.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.135-142
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• 2020

The objective of this experiment was to determine the apparent (AID) and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of crude protein (CP) and amino acids (AA) in five feed ingredients for male broiler chickens (Ross 308). The test feed ingredients consisted of corn, wheat, soybean meal (SBM), canola meal (CM), and corn distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS). The birds were fed a standard starter diet for the first 19 d. On day 19, nine hundred sixty birds were assigned to six dietary treatments with eight replicate cages (20 birds/cage) in a randomized complete block design. All experimental diets contained chromic oxide (0.5% in the diet) as an indigestible index. The diets were offered ad libitum for 4 d. At the end of the experiment, all birds were euthanized and ileal digesta samples were collected immediately. The indispensable AA with the least AID and SID were Thr for all the ingredients used in the present study, except for DDGS, in which Lys had the lowest digestibility. For indispensable AA, the AID and SID of Leu, Phe, Arg, and Met were the greatest in corn, DDGS, wheat, SBM, and CM, respectively. The results from the present study showed that there are variations in both the AID and SID of CP and AA among feed ingredients.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제39권4호
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• pp.297-303
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• 2012

본 시험은 옥수수 주정박의 첨가가 소화 부위별 아미노산 소화율에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위하여 수행하였다. 공시계는 Ross종 육계 수컷 24수를 이용하였다. 시험사료는 옥수수-대두박 위주의 사료(CP 19%, ME 3,150 kcal/kg)를 기초 사료로 하였으며, 주정박을 6%와 12% 첨가한 사료를 시험사료로 하였다. 시험 설계는 사료 내에 주정박을 첨가시킨 양에 따른 3처리구(처리구당 8수)로 나누고, 소화물 채취 부위에 따른 4처리구로 나누어 $3{\times}4$의 복합 요인으로 소화율을 조사하였다. 소화율 측정을 위한 시료 수집 부위는 공장의 말단부(DJ, the distal end of the jejunum), 회장의 중부(MI, the middle part of the ileum), 회장의 말단부(DI, the distal end of the ileum) 및 직장의 말단부(DR, the distal end of the rectum)로 하였다. 주정박 첨가 수준과 채취 부위 사이에는 유의한 상관관계가 없었다. 본 시험의 진정 소화율은 부위에 따라서는 유의적인 차이는 발견되지 않았다(P<0.05). CDDGS 첨가 수준에 따른 소화율은 필수 아미노산 중 lysine의 소화율이 CDDGS 첨가구에서 감소하였다(P<0.05). 또한 비필수 아미노산에서는 glycine의 소화율이 CDDGS 첨가구에서 감소하였으며(P<0.05), 다른 아미노산들은 처리구간에 차이가 없었다. 따라서 CDDGS는 lysine과 glysine 소화율은 대조구에 비해 낮았으나, 대체적으로 대조구와 유사한 소화율을 보여 부존 자원으로서 가금 사료에 이용할 수 있으리라 사료된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제16권10호
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• pp.1460-1468
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• 2003

An experiment was conducted to quantify the flow of soluble non-ammonia nitrogen (SNAN) in the liquid phase of ruminal (RD) and omasal digesta (OD), and to investigate diurnal pattern in SNAN flow in OD. Five ruminally cannulated Finnish-Ayrshire dairy cows in a $5{\times}5$ Latin square design consumed a basal diet of grass silage and barley grain, and that supplemented with four protein feeds (kg/d DM basis) as follows: skimmed milk powder (2.1), wet distiller' solubles (3.0), untreated rapeseed meal (2.1) and treated rapeseed meal (2.1). Ruminal digesta was sampled using a vacuum pump, whereas OD was collected using an omasal sampling system at 1.0 h interval during a 12 h feeding cycle. Both RD and OD were acidified, centrifuged to remove microbes and precipitated with trichloroacetic acid followed by centrifugation. The SNAN fractions (free amino acid (AA), peptide and soluble protein) in RD and OD were assessed using ninhydrin assay. Free AA, peptide and soluble protein averaged 60.0, 89.4 and 2.1 g/d, respectively, for RD, and 81.8, 121.5 and 2.5 g/d, respectively, for OD. Although free AA flow was relatively high, mean peptide flow was quantitatively the most important fraction of SNAN, indicating that degradation of peptide to AA rather than hydrolysis of soluble protein to peptide or deamination may be the most limiting step in rumen proteolysis. Diurnal pattern in flow of peptide including free AA in OD during a 12 h feeding cycle peaked 1 h post-feeding, decreased by 3 h post-feeding and was relatively constant thereafter. Protein supplementation showed higher flow of peptide including free AA immediately after feeding compared with no supplemented diet. There were no differences among protein supplements in diurnal pattern in flow of peptide including free AA in OD.