• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.219-230
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• 2004

The aims of this study are to construct database using geostatistics and Geographic Information System (GIS), and to derive the spatial relationships between manganese nodule abundance and each factor affecting nodule abundance, such as metal grade, slope, aspect, water depth, topography, and acoustic characteristics of the subbottom using the GIS and probability methods. The greater is the copper and nickel grade, the higher is the rating. The distribution pattern of nickel grade is similar to that of copper grade. The slopes are generally less than $3^{\circ}$, excluding seamounts and cliff areas. There is no increment in the rating with increasing slope. The rating is highest for slopes between 2.5 and $3.5^{\circ}$ in block B2 and between 3 and $6^{\circ}$ in block C1. The topography is classified into five groups: seamount, hill crest, hill slant, hill base or plain, and seafloor basin or valley. The ratings prove lowest for seamount and hill crest. The results of the study show a decrease in the rating with an increase in water depth in the study area. There was a poor relationship between manganese nodule abundance and the thickness of the upper transparent layer in block C1. Using GIS, it is possible to analyze a large amount of data efficiently, and to maximize the practical application, to increase specialization, and to enhance the accuracy of the analyses.

• Journal of Digestive Cancer Research
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.90-101
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• 2024

The incidence of colon cancer in South Korea has recently been the highest among gastrointestinal cancers. Early diagnosis is critical, and image-enhanced endoscopy (IEE) is a key diagnostic method. Colon tumors primarily include serrated polyps, adenomatous polyps, and colon cancer. Early endoscopic techniques relied on simple visual inspection for diagnosis, with tumor size and shape being the primary considerations. Low-resolution images made these methods ineffective for detecting small or early-stage lesions. IEE now enables detailed examination using high-resolution images and various color and structure analyses. Techniques like narrow band imaging (NBI) allow precise observation of vascular patterns and surface structures. Hyperplastic polyps often appear similar in color to the surrounding mucosa, with no visible vascular pattern. Sessile serrated lesions have a cloudy surface with distinct boundaries and irregular patterns, often with black spots in the crypts. Adenomatous polyps are darker brown, with a visible white epithelial network and various pit patterns. Magnified images help differentiate between low- and high-grade dysplasia, with low-grade showing regular patterns and high-grade showing increased irregularities. The NBI International Colorectal Endoscopic classification identifies malignant colon tumors as brown or dark brown with disorganized vascular patterns. The Japan NBI Expert Team classification includes loose vascular areas and disrupted thick vessels. The Workgroup serrAted polypS and Polyposis classification aids in differentiating between hyperplastic polyps and sessile serrated lesions/adenomas when deciding whether to resect polyps larger than 5 mm. Suspected high-grade dysplasia warrants endoscopic submucosal dissection and follow-up. Future advancements in IEE are expected to further enhance early detection and diagnostic accuracy.

• 한국항공우주학회지
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• 제39권8호
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• pp.796-803
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• 2011

정지 상태에서 관성항법장치를 구성하는 가속도계 및 자이로 측정치를 이용하여 초기 자세를 구하는 것을 초기정렬 혹은 자가정렬이라 한다. 초기정렬의 정밀도는 관성항법장치에 탑재되는 관성센서의 성능에 의하여 결정되며 수평축 자세는 수평축 가속도계, 수직축 자세는 E축 자이로 성능에 의해 결정된다. 그러므로 관성센서에서 발생된 불확실한 오차는 초기정렬의 정밀도를 저하시키는 주요원인이 된다. 논 논문에서는 관성센서의 불확실한 오차 중에서 관성항법장치에 전원이 인가되어 온도가 안정화 되는 상태에서의 관성센서 오차가 초기정렬 성능에 어떠한 영향을 미치는 가를 이론적으로 분석하고 시뮬레이션을 통하여 검증한 결과를 제시한다.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.643-658
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• 2017

High strength preloadable bolt assemblies are commonly adopted in beam-to-column bolted connections. Nowadays, two systems of high strength preloadable grade 10.9 bolt assembly are recommended in Europe for structural applications, namely HR and HV, which are characterized by different failure modes. Recently, experimental tests performed on HR and HV bolt assemblies highlighted that the type of bolt assembly may significantly influence the joint response. Therefore, the accuracy of numerical modelling of bolt assemblies is crucial to simulate effectively the non-linear behaviour of bolted joints with either failure mode 2 or mode 3 of the bolt rows. In light of these considerations, this present paper describes and discusses some modelling criteria for both HR and HV bolts to be implemented in 3D finite element models by finite element analysis and structural designers. The comparison between the calibrated models and experimental results shows the accuracy of the proposed assumptions in simulating all stages of assembly tensile response.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.281-286
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• 2023

Diagnosing reading disorders involves complex procedures to evaluate complex cognitive processes. For an accurate diagnosis, a series of tests and evaluations by human experts are required. In this study, we propose a quantitative tool to diagnose reading disorders based on natural reading behaviors using minimal human input. The eye movements of the third- and fourth-grade students were recorded while they read a text at their own pace. Seven machine learning models were used to evaluate the gaze patterns of the words in the presented text and classify the students as normal or having a reading disorder. The accuracy of the machine learning-based diagnosis was measured using the diagnosis by human experts as the ground truth. The highest accuracy of 0.8 was achieved by the support vector machine and random forest classifiers. This result demonstrated that machine learning-based automated diagnosis could substitute for the traditional diagnosis of reading disorders and enable large-scale screening for students at an early age.

• 대한세포병리학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.18-26
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• 2006

Transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder is common in the genitourinary tract. The gold standard for the diagnosis of bladder cancer has been cystoscopy, along with urine cytology. Cystoscopy is an invasive and relatively expensive technique. By comparison, urine cytology is easy to perform and specific for a diagnosis of bladder cancer, although less sensitive, especially in low-grade tumors. For this reason, there has been a need for superior noninvasive technology to increase our confidence in being able to detect bladder cancer. There are many reports of the various urinary tests that are available to facilitate the diagnosis. In this article, I reviewed the literature on urinary markers and tests that may be clinically useful, including fluorescence in situ hybridization, uCyt+/Immunocyte, the $BTA^{(R)}$ test, the NMP 22TM, the $FDP^{(R)}$ test, the telomerase activity test, the HA and HAse tests, and flow cytometry. Most of these tests have a higher sensitivity and specificity than cytology. However, urine cytology has the highest specificity, especially in individuals with a high-grade tumor. We conclude that no urinary markers or tests can replace the role of cystoscopy along with cytology in the diagnosis of transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder. However, some markers could be used adjunctively to increase the diagnostic accuracy during screening or during the postoperative follow-up examination of patients with bladder cancer.

• 한국응급구조학회지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.61-70
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• 2006

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to develop a realistic illustration using watercolors on a complete airway obstruction maneuver that is at an appropriate level for elementary school students from the first grade through the third. The illustration is a series of cuts divided into specific frames designed to illustrate the method to be followed in an action or a practical skill that would otherwise be too difficult to explain in written form. Methods: The fundamental theory of the Jeong In-Sung's instruction learning program based on the WEB to construct an appropriate site of instruction learning was used after modification. In this study analysis, design, and production stages were realized. Results: 1. In Stage 1, impressions of the illustration, in sketch form, were received. In Stage 2, results of impressions from a modified illustration were received. After an appropriate level of understanding and accuracy in the practical steps for emergency maneuvers were achieved the illustrations entering Stage 3 and color was added to the sketches. 2. In Stage 3, the illustration was completed by adding color to the contents for the practical steps in the complete airway obstruction maneuver. 3. For composition evaluation, a result of 100% appropriateness was obtained for both items of harmony between illustration and subject being studied and sufficiency in quantity of illustrations. Also high results for appropriateness in items such as clarity, creating interest, illustration size, and tone preference as related to content were achieved and thus completed the production stages. Conclusion: The Complete Airway Obstruction Maneuver Illustration developed specifically for the characteristics and cognitive level of elementary school students grade 1 through grade 3 was appropriate for teaching and learning. There is a need for future research on developed illustrations aimed at elementary school students grade 1 through 3 on the complete airway obstruction maneuver. There is also a need for continued effort in developing certified evaluating tools that can judge the suitability of illustrations and developing illustrations related to emergency maneuvers for various subjects and appropriate for learner level.

• 치과방사선
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.99-107
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• 1995

The aim of this study was to evaluate clinician's detectability in the diagnosis of bone loss in the bifurcation of mandibular molars on periapical radiographs and Digital images. Periapical radiographs were obtained of the first molars in 2 dry mandibles after preparation of bony defects corresponding to degree I, degree II and degree III buccal furcation involvements. The radiographs were randomly presented to 39 clinicians(1 oral radiologist, 4 periodontist, 34 general dentists) who were asked to determine the presence or absence of bone loss. Periapical films were digitized with a TV camera. Digital images were assessed by 15 clinicians(1 oral radiologist, 4 periodontist, 10 general dentists). I. the overall diagnostic accuracy of Digital images for detection of bone loss in the bifurcation of mandibular molars was higher than that of the periapical radiographs. 2. the largest increase in diagnostic accuracy was found between lesion grade II and III on both radiographs and Digital images(P<0.05). 3. there was no significant difference between the standard state and the controlled contrast state on Digital images. 4. the overall diagnostic accuracy of I radiologist and 4 periodontists was better than that of the general dentists for detecting bifurcation involvements.

• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.151-160
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• 1998

목적: 유방 종괴의 악성과 양성종양의 감별진단에 있어서 $^{99m}Tc$-MDP 유방촬영의 임상적의의를 알고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 34명의 여자 환자에서 $^{99m}Tc$-MDP를 이용한 유방스캔을 하고, 그 결과를 필름 유방촬영 및 조직생검 결과와 비교하였다. $^{99m}Tc$-MDP의 섭취는 양측 유방에 대칭적으로 섭취가 없는 경우(배경과 같은 정도)를 grade 0, 섭취가 있으나 양측 유방에 전반적으로 대칭적으로 있을 때는 grade 1, 비대칭적인 섭취가 있으나 희미하거나 의심스러운 경우는 grade 2, 비대칭적으로 한쪽에 국소적인 열소가 있는 경우를 grade 3라고 하였다. 결과: 정상 환자들의 $^{99m}Tc$-MDP유방촬영 소견은, 양쪽 유방이 대칭적이면서 균일하게 거의 배경 정도의 방사능 섭취를 보이거나, 유방의 실질 전체에 걸쳐서 미만성으로 섭취를 보이며, 국소적인 $^{99m}Tc$-MDP의 섭취를 보인 예는 한 예도 없었다. 악성종양환자 7명 중 6명은 grade 2(2명)와 grade 3(4명)의 소견을 보였다. 1명은 스캔 상 grade 1으로 나타났다. 양성 종양환자 6명에서는 grade 3이 3명, grade 1이 3명이었다 섬유낭포성질환에서는 7명 중 1명에서만 grade 3으로 종괴처럼 보였고 grade 2 가 3명, grade 1이 2명, 0가 1명이었다. Lesion/Back-ground Ratio 는 정상인 경우 $1.05{\pm}0.20$($average{\pm}1sd$), 섬유낭포성질환의 경우 $1.20{\pm}0.36$, 양성 종양의 경우는 $1.68{\pm}0.09$, 악성 종양의 경우는 $1.66{\pm}0.62$였다. 정상 및 섬유낭포성질환은 종양과 차이가 있었지만, 양성종양과 악성종양은 유의한 차이가 없었다. 결론: $^{99m}Tc$-MDP 유방스캔은 Piccolo 등의 보고와는 달리, 유방종괴를 호소하는 환자에서 고형종괴의 발견에는 무리가 없으나, 일상적으로 양성과 악성을 구분하기 위하여 사용하기에는 부족할 것으로 결론을 내렸다. 그러나 유방암 환자에서 전신 골스캔을 시행하면서 2상 영상(2 phase image)의 개념으로 초기 유방영상을 얻는 등의 방법으로 활용을 할 수는 있을 것으로 생각하였다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.2909-2916
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• 2016

Background: Canine malignant lymphoma is classified into B- or T-cell origin, as in the human case. Due to differences in prognosis, a suitable method needs to be developed for lineage identification. Aims: To determine the accuracy of immunophenotypic and molecular information between three methods: immunocytochemistry (ICC), immunohistochemistry (IHC) and heteroduplex polymerase chain reaction for antigen receptor rearrangements (hPARR) in spontaneous canine lymphomas. Materials and Methods: Peripheral blood, fine needle aspiration and tissue biopsies from enlarged peripheral lymph nodes prior to treatment of 28 multicentric lymphoma patients were collected. Cytopathology and histopathology were examined and classified using the updated Kiel and WHO classifications, respectively. Anti-Pax5 and anti-CD3 antibodies as B- and T-cell markers were applied for immunophenotyping by ICC and IHC. Neoplastic lymphocytes from lymph node and white blood cell pellets from peripheral blood were evaluated by hPARR. Results: In this study, low grade B-cell lymphoma accounted for 25% (7/28), high grade B-cell lymphoma for 64.3% (18/28) and high grade T-cell lymphoma for 10.7% (3/28). According to the WHO classification, 50% of all cases were classified as diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. In addition, ICC showed concordant results with IHC; all B-cell lymphomas showed Pax5+/CD3, and all T-cell lymphomas exhibited Pax5-/CD3+. In contrast to hPARR, 12 B-cell lymphomas featured the IgH gene; seven presented the $TCR{\gamma}$ gene; five cases showed both IgH and $TCR{\gamma}$ genes, and one case were indeterminate. Three T-cell lymphomas showed the $TCR{\gamma}$ gene. The percentage agreement between hPARR and ICC/IHC was 60%. Conclusions: Immunophenotyping should not rely on a single method. ICC or IHC with hPARR should be used concurrently for immunophenotypic diagnosis in canine lymphomas.