• 기본간호학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.269-281
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• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to build a model to predict the fall prevention behavior of nurses in small and medium sized hospitals. Methods: Participants were 382 nurses from 13 hospitals who responded to the structured self-reported questionnaire. The research model was based on previous study of fall prevention, theory of planned behavior, and the health belief model. Results: The modified model generally showed higher levels than recommended level of model fit indices and acceptable explanation. Of 17 hypothetical paths, 14 were supported. Predicting variables explained 51.6% of fall prevention behavior. The fall prevention behavior of nurses showed a direct influence of fall prevention expectations, fall prevent threats, perceived behavioral control for fall prevention, and intention to prevent falls and an indirect of influence of patient safety culture, attitude toward fall prevention, and the subjective norm. Conclusion: Findings show a need to identify a range of barrier factors to increase the benefits of fall prevention behavior and enhance the perceived control of fall prevention so that nurses will be able to promote fall prevention behavior in hospitals. Also, it is critical to increase awareness of patient safety culture among nurses.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제54권3호
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• pp.909-916
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• 2022

To study the developments and variations of unsafe behaviors in nuclear power plants thus reduce the possibility of human-related accidents, this paper, based on the Game Theory, focused on the changes in benefits of the Department of Management, Operational and Emergency in a nuclear power plant, and established the expected revenue functions of these departments. Additionally, the preventive measures of unsafe behaviors in nuclear power plants were also presented in terms of these 3 departments. Results showed that the violations of the Operation Department (OD) and the Emergency Department (ED) were not only relevant with the factors such as their own risks, costs, and the responsibility-sharing due to accidents, but also affected by the safety investments from the Management Department (MD). Furthermore, results also showed that the accident-induced responsibility-sharing of both the OD and the ED would rise, if the MD increased the investments in safety. As a result, the probability of violation behaviors of these 3 departments would be attenuated consciously, which would reduce the unsafe behaviors in the nuclear power plants significantly.

• 한국항해항만학회지
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.331-337
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• 2022

2021년 UN 자문 연구기관인 해양환경전문가그룹(GESAMP)은 해운 부문의 해양쓰레기 발생원 여섯 가지 중 하나로 컨테이너 해상유실을 지목했다. 대표적으로 2021년 5월 발생한 X-Press Pearl호 침몰은 유실된 컨테이너가 해안으로 떠밀려와 내부에 적재된 플라스틱 펠릿이 스리랑카 연안을 뒤덮은 대형 환경오염 사고로 이어졌다. 이러한 배경으로 국제해사기구(IMO)는 2022년 9월 개최하는 제8차 화물 및 컨테이너 운송 전문위원회 회의를 기점으로 선박 운항 중 컨테이너 해상유실의 방지 및 후속대책을 논의한다. 본 연구는 IMO 회의에서 우리나라의 대응 방향을 수립하고자 컨테이너 해상유실 주요 사고 조사보고서 및 관련 전문 자료 분석을 통해 유실 사고의 주요 요인을 식별하고 대응에 대해 고찰하였다. 그 결과, 운항 중 컨테이너 해상유실의 주요 요인으로 컨테이너 선박의 대형화, 기상악화 그리고 컨테이너 적재 불량이 파악되었다. 특히, 기상악화에 따른 대형 컨테이너 선박의 운항 안전성 저하에 대한 대책 마련 필요성이 식별되었다. 또한, 컨테이너의 안전한 해상운송을 위해 국제협약 이행에 대한 통합 모니터링이 요구된다. 그리고 해양환경 보전 관점에서 유실 컨테이너의 회수에 대한 제도적 보완이 필요하다. 마지막으로 컨테이너 해상유실 사고의 근본적인 방지를 위해 선박의 건조와 운항 측면에서 조선과 해운이 상호보완 가능한 체계 구축이 필요함이 식별되었다. 운항 중 컨테이너 해상유실 사고의 여러 요인은 개별 관점의 대응으로 해결하기 어렵다고 판단된다.

• 한국지반신소재학회논문집
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.43-53
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• 2013

우리나라 지반공학 기술의 발달로 지반굴착 공사가 대규모로 수행되고 있으나, 지반굴착시 공사현장 또는 인접구조물에 직,간접적인 피해를 유발하는 사고는 여전히 빈번히 발생하고 있다. 특히 주거시설이나 상업시설이 밀집해 있는 도심지의 지하터널, 도시철도 역사, 대규모 상업시설, 초고층 빌딩의 기초 공사 등으로 인한 지반굴착관련 사고가 빈번히 발생하고 있어 경제적인 손실 뿐 아니라 인명피해가 발생하여 사회적인 비용이 급속히 증가하고 있는 실정이다. 본 연구에서는 빈번히 발생하는 개착식 흙막이 굴착관련 사고를 방지하기 위하여 최근 발생한 개착식 흙막이 굴착공사로 인한 다수의 사고 및 인접시설물에 영향을 끼친 사례를 수집, 분석을 수행하여 사고발생 원인에 대하여 고찰하고, 수치해석기법을 사용하여 국내 대표적인 지반조건(내륙, 해안특성) 및 공사공법에 따른 굴착시 영향 분석을 수행하였다. 25건의 사고사례를 분석한 결과, 주요 영향요인으로 지반조사의 부실, 가시설 구조체의 불안정 및 지하수의 처리 미흡 등으로 나타났으며, 이 외 여러 요인들이 복합적으로 작용하여 굴착현장에 문제를 발생시키는 것으로 나타났다. 국내의 대표적인 지반조건 및 시공경향을 고려한 22개의 case에 대한 수치해석결과는 일반적인 내륙지역에서는 차수공법에 비해 배수공법에서 침하가 크게 발생하고, 연약지반 및 암반의 불연속면이 발달한 지역에서는 earth anchor 공법 적용시 면밀한 검토가 필요하며, 압밀이 진행 중인 점토지반에서는 과잉간극수압에 대한 고려가 반드시 필요한 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.28-34
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• 2022

This study analyzes the impact that accidents and near misses have on clients' and contractors' awareness of safety culture. Due to the unique characteristic of employment structure in Korea, the occurrence of accidents differs by company size, which has relevant implications for the establishment of safety culture. Attention has been drawn to the importance of the management of accidents and near misses, with safety awareness acting as a core factor. A positive effect on the prevention of accidents could be achieved by noting the difference in safety awareness between clients and contractors and suggesting an associated suitable safety management system. In support of this study, a survey was distributed to workers in the automobile manufacturing industry (May-August 2020), and data from a total of 574 workers was collected and analyzed, including 399 clients' worksers and 175 contractors' workers. The questionnaire addressed participants' experiences of accidents and near misses as well as 50 items from the Nordic Occupational Safety Climate Questionnaire. Analysis of the responses was conducted using the methods of frequency analysis, Fisher's exact test, t-test, correlation analysis, and regression analysis. The results demonstrated that clients had more experiences with accidents and near misses compared to contractors. Additional differences between clients and contractors were noted in terms of the safety culture factors of learning, communication, and trust. A correlation was observed between the experience of accidents and safety justice management: for clients and contractors who experienced accidents, safety justice management was 9.4 times higher. Furthermore, clients' and contractors' awareness of employees' commitment to safety was determined to be 28.5 times higher in those who had experienced near misses This study concludes that, in order to improve accident prevention through the management of accidents and near misses, clients must focus on overseeing safety justice management and aspects of safety culture factors, while contractors must focus efforts on managing employees' commitment to safety. In further applications, this study could provide baseline data for health and safety activities in terms of the safety culture of clients and contractors. Further study on the establishment of safety culture as related to employment structure is proposed for future research.

• 한국건축시공학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.359-370
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• 2022

현장의 안전사고율을 낮추려는 지속적인 노력에도 불구하고 여전히 건설산업은 치명적인 사고율이 높은 고위험군으로 분류된다. 건설 안전사고율을 낮추기 위한 방법 중 하나로 설계 단계에서 안전위해요소를 관리하는 DFS(Design for safety)를 적용하고 있다. 그러나 설계자의 제한된 지식 때문에 설계 결과가 건설, 운영 및 유지보수와 같은 project lifecycle 동안 어떤 위험을 초래하는지 설계자는 인식하지 못하는 경우가 많다. 만일 설계자가 건물의 형상이 안전사고율에 미치는 영향과 이에 대응하는 안전관리비에 미치는 영향을 이해한다면, 효과적인 DFS를 진행할 수 있다. 안전관리비중 가장 많은 비중을 차지하는 낙하방지 그물망, 안전 펜스와 같은 안전시설비는 동일 건축면적이라 하더라도 건물의 형상에 따라 달라질 것이다. 본 연구의 목적은 건물의 외주길이가 안전관리비에 미치는 영향을 분석하는 것이다. 아파트(apartment building)를 대상으로 건물의 외주길이가 안전관리비에 미치는 영향을 분석한다. 본 연구를 위해 21개의 프로젝트 데이터를 수집한 후 외주길이와 건물형상계수, 건축면적을 독립변수로 안전관리비를 종속변수로 분석한다. 그 결과 외주길이와 안전관리비의 상관관계는 R²가 0.876, 형상계수와 안전관리비의 상관관계는 R²가 0.801, 건축면적과 안전관리비의 상관관계는 R²가 0.792로 매우 밀접한 관계가 있는 것으로 분석되었다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.227-240
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• 1987

Infection has assumed increased importance as a cause of death among thermally injured individuals. Decreased treatment effectiveness and an increase in mortality are the hallmarks of nosocomial infection. Infection control is a monumental task that must be achieved to reduce mortalities. This was a retrospective study to survey the epidemiological features of nosocomial infections in a burn unit and to identify the possibilities for infection control. During the past 6 year 2 month period from July, 1981 to August, 1987, 306 burn patients were treated in the burn unit of university hospital. Among of these, 290 cases were the subjects of this study. The data were collected from the patients' records after discharge. All data collected were analyzed using percent, x$^2$-test, t-test with SPSS program. The results of this study are summariged as follows: 1) Infection rate was 40%. According to site, there were 67 cases of wound infection, 60 cases of post-operative skin graft infection, 20 cases of septicemia and 20 cases of donor site infection. As far as the burn size was concerned, the infection rate for patients whose burn size ranged 61 to 70%, was shown to be 100%, followed by the infection rate of 93.8%, for patients whose burn size ranged from 41~50%. As far as the period of time over which the infection developed, 5 to 7 days showed the highest frequency. Further infection was the main cause of deaths and complications. 2) Based upon the results obained by comparing the general characteristics, between a hospital infection-group and non-hospital infection group, there was a significant defference according to age, the time of the year when the accident happened, the place of accident or length of hospital-admission. And according to the result obtained by comparing the general characteristics of the burn, there was a significant difference according to burn size, burn depth, burn type, and burn site. And also based upon the result obtained by comparing the two groups according to method of treatment, there was a significant difference according to the use of antibiotics and to the type of wound-treatment, and for the 8 different binds of treatment related to infection, there was a significant difference for all. In conclusion, age, length of hospital-admission, burn size, burn type, burn site, burn depth, type of woundtreatment and the 8 different binds of treatment, which are related to burns, were shown to be the factors which affect the infection rate in burn patients.

• 한국운동역학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.49-56
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• 2015

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to present quantitative data and basic references to decrease the accident risk of soccer instructors. Methods : To obtain data, we conducted an investigation on how H/Q ratio affects the dynamic stability of the lower extremity at the time of drop landing. The study targeted 13 soccer players from C University who have not had any injuries or wounds in the lower extremity joints and in any other parts of their bodies over the last 6 months. By using CMIS (USA), the players were divided into two groups according to H/Q ratios higher and lower than 69%, respectively. The subjects in each group were instructed to perform a drop landing. Results : The H/Q ratio did not affect the maximal flexion angle of the knee joints at the time of drop landing. In addition the dominant group with a relatively high H/Q ratio was observed to have increased time to reduce shock and to efficiently absorb the ground reaction force during drop landing. Also, the dominant group with a relatively high H/Q ratio utilized the strong performances of the antagonistic muscles around the hamstrings and the controlled rotatory powers of the thighs that were applied to the tibias supported by the ground. Finally, H/Q ratio, load factors, and mean and maximum EMG were significantly negatively related, whereas GRFx showed a positive relationship. In fact, these factors all affected the impact of the load from the H/Q ratio to the knee joints. Conclusion : From these findings it can be concluded that unbalanced H/Q ratio can be considered as a predictor of knee joint injury at the time of drop landing.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.1-15
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• 1999

For the purpose of disclosing estimated annual incidence rate and causative factors of traumatic spinal cord injury and obtaining basic data for the establishment of effective measures to prevent this injury, the medical record of 204 cases of Seoul residents with spinal cord injury which admitted in 46 general hospitals and National rehabilitation center located in Seoul, including Sam Yook Rehabilitation Center and Jung Ang Hospital in Kyungi do and occurred in 1995 were analyzed. The results were as follows: 1) The estimated annual incidence rate of traumatic spinal cord injury in 1995 of Seoul residents was 20.5 per million population. This incidence rate was the highest in the 40th years (34.1), followed by in the 50th years (26.5) and in the 20th years (25.6) in descending order. 2) The incidence rate ratio between male and female was 3.5:1. 3) The leading cause of injury was the highest in traffic accidents (42.2%), followed by falls from elevation (29.4%) and falls on the same level (9.8%). 4) Traffic accident mainly occured from 20th years to 40th years and falls from elevation in 50th years. 5) The level of spinal cord injury was the highest in cervical cord (63.2%), followed by the thoracic cord (21.1%) and lumbosacral cord (15.7%). Traffic accidents mainly caused in cervical cord injury whereas thoracic cord injury and lumbosacral cord injury were caused from falls from elevation. Above theconsiderations in mind, it suggested that in order to prevent traumatic spinal cord injuries, safety education of falls from elevation should be focused on the 20th years and 50th years male, moreover safety education of traffic accidents will be needed in the 30th years and 40th years male.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.174-183
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• 2015

Objectives: The objective of this study is the estimation of factors influencing airborne fiber concentrations by means of an observation survey of asbestos-containing materials in buildings. Methods: Forty-five samples were collected from four commercial buildings by NIOSH Method 7400 and classified according to current condition, potential activity, construction year, and operations and maintenance(O&M). Results: Airborne fiber concentrations by current condition(classified as good, fair and poor) were significantly different(p<0.05). Concentrations by potential activity were significantly different among groups(p<0.05), and those from the low activity group were higher than those from the middle activity group. Based on construction year, airborne fiber concentrations from the decade of the 1990's were higher than those from the 1960's. When O&M status was considered, airborne fiber concentrations from 1960's buildings were lower than those buildings not operated and maintained(p<0.01), because dust generation was influenced by O&M status. It was found that airborne fiber concentrations were related to current condition and potential activity via regression analysis, but the coefficient of determination was low. Also, correlation analysis showed that the higher the potential activity, the more current condition is worsened, but the relationship was not significant(r=-0.455, p>0.05). Conclusions: Airborne fiber concentrations in asbestos-containing buildings had weak relationships with current condition and potential activity.