• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.27 no.12
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• pp.1023-1026
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• 1994

We reviewed 10 cases of traumatic diaphragmatic injuries at Soonchunhyang University Gumi Hospital from January 1990 through April 1993. seven patients were male and three patients were female. The age distribution was ranged from 25 to 79 years, predominant 4th decades occurred in male. The traumatic diaphragmatic injuries were due to blunt trauma in 9 cases (traffic accident 7 and crash injury 2) and penetrating wound in 1 case (stab wound). The common symptom were dyspnea (60%), chest pain and abdominal pain in order frequency. In the blunt trauma and crash injury, te rupture site was all located in the left(9 cases). In the penetrating wound, the rupture site was located in the right(1 case). The surgical repair of 10 cases were performed with transthoracic approach in 9 cases and thoracoabodominal approach in 1 case. The postoperative mortality was 10% (1/10). The cause of death was multiple organ failure with pulmonary edema.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.27 no.12
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• pp.1027-1030
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• 1994

We reviewed 10 cases of traumatic diaphragmatic injuries at Soonchunhyang University Gumi Hospital from January 1990 through April 1993. Seven patients were male and three patients were female. The age distribution was ranged from 25 to 79 years, predominant 4th decades occurred in male. The traumatic diaphragmatic injuries were due to blunt trauma in 9 cases[traffic accident 7 and crash injury 2] and penetrating wound in 1 case[stab wound]. The common symptoms were dyspnea[60%], chest pain and abdominal pain in order frequency. In the blunt trauma and crash injury, the rupture site was all located in the left[ 9 cases ]. In the penetrating wound, the rupture site was located in the right[1 case]. The surgical repair of 10 cases were performed with transthoracic approach in 9 cases and thoracoabdominal approach in 1 case. The postoperative mortality was 10%[1/10]. The cause of death was multiple organ failure with pulmonary edema.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.1-7
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• 2013

The influence of the over-pressure caused by Explosion in gas station was calculated by using the Hopkinson's scaling law and injury effect by accident to buildings and human bodies was estimated by applying the probit model. As a result, the injury estimation was conducted by using the probit model for leakage 10% of 20ton storage tank. The separate distances from LPG station for building(damage) and human(lung hemorrhage to death) are 260 and 30 meters, respectively.

• Journal of Korean Institute of Fire Investigation
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2008

The purpose of this paper is to report gas fire accident based on classification of the major gas fire causes (including handling mistakes, inferior goods, etc.), fire classifications (fire, explosion, leakages, etc.), damage levels(1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th grade levels), casualties (death, serious wound, slight injury) since gas fire has been generated according to growth of gaseous fuel consumption on home and enterprises with various accident causes. Among gaseous fuels, LPG facility can be c1assified as gas container, pressure regulator, gas hose, interim valve, combustion port. Any fire or any explosion can be caused from handling mistakes, inferior goods on each parts as stated above. Exact gas fire causes shall be identified based on previous case studies on similar fires with consideration of lesson learns.

• Advances in pediatric surgery
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.119-126
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• 2007

Trauma is one of the leading causes of death in children. Abdominal trauma is about 10 % of all pediatric trauma. This study describes the sex and age distribution, injury mechanism, site of intraabdominal injury, management and mortality of children aged 16 years or less who suffered abdominal trauma. The hospital records of 63 patients treated for abdominal injury between March 1997 and February 2007 at the department of surgery, Inje University Pusan Paik Hospital, were analyzed retrospectively. The peak age of incidence was between 2 and 10 years (78%) and this report showed male predominance(2.7:1). The most common mechanism of blunt abdominal trauma was pedestrian traffic accident (49%). The most common injured organ was liver. More than Grade IV injury of liver and spleen comprised of 4(12%) and 5(24%), respectively. Fourteen cases (22%) had multiple organ injuries. Forty nine cases (78%) were managed nonoperatively. Three patients (4.8%) died, who had Grade IV liver injury, Grade IV spleen injury, and liver and spleen injury with combined inferior vena cava injury, respectively. All of the three mortality cases had operative management. In conclusion, the liver or spleen injury which was more than Grade 4 might lead to mortality in spite of operation, although many cases could be improved by nonoperative management.

• Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.55-74
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• 1998

In the past most major accidents resulted in death, but today there is a dramatic increase in the number of people who survive such accidents but who are left with permanent injury. Particularly, children who are inquisitive about their surroundings but immature in their ability to assess danger, are more vulnerable to accidents and their causes as well as to determine attitudes towards prevention. The main objective of the study was to assess the effectiveness of using an accident prevention manual for accident for accident prevention education. The study was a quasi-experimental study using a questionnaire format. The subjects of the study were 393 mothers of children attending six day care centers in Seoul. Data collection was done between May 1 and June 15, 1997. The tools used for the study were a questionnaire developed the researchers and a manual for accident prevention. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS. The results of the study are as follows: 1. Types of accidents included stabbing, bums, falls from heights, choking, falls on slippery surfaces, traffic accidents, drowning, poisoning, and electrical shock in that order of frequency. 2. The main causes of accidents in children were from cosmetics and household medications. 3. The most frequent locations of accidents in the home were the bathroom, kitchen, and stairways in that order. 4. For $90.4\%$ of children safety seats were not used when the ridding in a car. 5. In examining the parents' accident prevention practices, it was found that many parents used only . one electrical outlet for many appliances, tending to overload the electricity lines and that they were not practically concerned bout the flammability of children's pajamas, indicating a less than positive attitude towards fire prevention. 6. The parents had not provided their children with any instruction on accident prevention or on what to do after an accident had occurred. 7. After the use of pamphlet in an accident prevention education program, it was found that there was a statistically significant difference in the degree to which children carried out safety measures (t=14.96, p=.000) and in their safety habits (t=-1.67, p<.1) indicating an effectiveness in this method of education. The results of this study showed that there are many things in a child's environment that can cause accidents and that the possibility of an accident occurring is high. So nurses looking after children should be aware of the need for safety education to prevent accidents in the home and plan to provide appropriate educational material to help parents with this education.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.188-195
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• 2012

Purpose: An increase in the demand for specialized Trauma Centers led to a government-driven campaign, that began in 2009. Our hospital was selected as one of the Trauma Centers, and we reviewed data on trauma patients in order to correlate the mortality at a regional Trauma Center with its contributing factors, such as the severity of the injury, the means of arrival, and the time duration before arrival at our center. Methods: Data on the patients who visited our Trauma Center from January 2010 to November 2011 were retrospectively reviewed using electronic medical records. The patients who had revised trauma scores (RTSs) less than 7 or injury severity scores (ISSs) greater than 15 were included. The patients were categorized as survivors and non-survivors, and the means of arrival as transferred or visited directly. Time durations before arrival of less than one hour were also taken intoconsideration. Results: Two hundred(200) patients were enrolled, and the mortality rate was 36.5%. The most common cause of the accident was an automobile accident, and the most common cause of death was brain injury. The RTSs and the ISSs were significantly different in the non-survivor and the survivor groups. The mortality rate of the patients who were transferred was not statistically different from that of patients who visited directly. However, a time duration before arrival of less than one hour was statistically meaningful. Conclusion: The prognosis of the trauma patients were correlated with the severity of the trauma as can be expected, but the time between the incidence of accident and the arrival at hospital and whether the presence of transfer to trauma center were not statistically significant to the prognosis.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.418-423
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• 1979

Chest injuries due to blunt trauma often result in severe derangements that lead to death. And we have to diagnose and treat the patients who have blunt chest trauma immediately and appropriately. A clinical analysis was made on 324 cases of chest injury due to blunt trauma experienced at department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, College of Medicine, Kyung Hee University during 8-year period from 1972 to 1979. Of 324 patients of blunt chest injuries, there were 189 cases of rib fracture, 121 of hemothorax or/and pneumothorax, 108 of soft tissue injury of the chest wall only, 41 of lung contusion, 24 of flail chest, 13 of scapular fracture, 7 of diaphragmatic rupture and others. The majority of blunt chest injury patients were traffic accident victims and falls accounted for the next largest group of accidents. Chest injuries were frequently encountered in the age group between 3rd decade and 4th decade [60%] and 238 patients were male comparing to 86 of female [Male: Female = 3:1 ]. In the patients who have the more number of fractured ribs, the more incidence of intrathoracic injury and intraabdominal organ damage were found. The principal associated injuries were head injury on 58 cases, long bone fractures on 37, skull fractures on 12, pelvic fractures on 10, renal injuries on 6 and intraabdominal organ injuries on 5 patients. The principle of early treatment of chest injury due to blunt trauma were rapid reexpansion of the lung by closed thoracotomy which was indicated on 96 cases, but open thoractomy was necessary on 14 cases because massive bleeding, intrapleural hematoma and/or fibrothorax, or diaphragmatic laceration-On 15 cases who were young and have multiple rib fracture with severe dislocation delayed elective open reduction of the fractured ribs with wire was done on the purpose of preserving normal active life. The over all mortality was 2.8% [9 of 324 cases] due to head injury on 3 cases, massive bleeding on 2,wet lung syndrome, acute renal failure on 1 and septicemia on 1 patient.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.402-407
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• 1997

The records of 28 patients with traumatic diaphragmatic injuries seen at Masan Samsung Hospital from march 1986 o March 1995 were reviewed. We treated 21 male and 7 female patients ranging in ages from 5 to 68 years. Thc diaphragimatic injuries were due to blunt trauma in'20 cases(Trawc accident 18, compression injury 1, Human trauma 1) and penetrating injuries 8 cases (all stab wound). Most common symptoms were dyspnea 27 (96%), chest pain 26 (93%), abdomianl pain 8 (29%), comatose mentality 36 (11 %). Chest X-ray were elevated diaphragm in 20 cases(71%) find hemothorax in 18 cases (64%) and 25 cascs (89%) were diagnosed or suspected as diaphragmatic inju,rims prcopcrativcly. The repair of 28 cases were performed with thoracic approach in 20 cases, abdominal approach 7, thoracoabdominal approach in 1 cases. There were 5 death (18%) and all death related to the severity of associated injury. (hypovolcmic shock 3, combined head injury 1, renal failure 1).

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.100-103
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• 2009

Traumatic rupture of the thoracic aorta is the second most common cause of death from motor vehicle accidents after head injury. About 85% of these patients do not survive to reach the hospital. The most common mechanism for this is deceleration injury, as occurs in a high speed motor vehicle accident. The aortic isthmus is the site of disruption for about 95% of all blunt thoracic aortic injuries. Another mechanism is crush injury which causes compression of the aorta between the displaced sternal body or manubrium and the thoracic vertebral column. These forces tear the inner layer of the aortic wall at an unusual location. We report here on a case of aortic arch dissection where the injury clearly occurred due to a crush injury and not because of deceleration. The surgical repair was delayed for 10 days after administering intensive medical therapy. The ascending aorta and aortic arch were replaced with an artificial graft with the patient under circulatory arrest and cerebral protection.