• Archives of Reconstructive Microsurgery
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.113-118
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• 2007

Purpose: The purpose of this work was to describe the results of treatment for motor vehiclerelated crushing injuries among children and adolescents under sixteen years in Korea. Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted of data from children who were under sixteen year and injured foot by motor vehicles. Cases were documented 1) age at the time of injury, 2) injured site, 3) the area of accident, 4) the kind of vehicle, 5) associated injuries, 6) methods of treatment for soft tissue reconstruction and 7) complications. The relationships between the area of accident and associated injuries, and the kind of vehicle and associated injuries were analyzed using Chi-square test and Fisher exact test. Results: There were 97 children who were 15 year and younger. The mean age was 7.4 years, and 65% were boys. The left foot was more dominant side of injury (57%). Seasonal variation was seen with the number of injuries peaking during the summer (43%, p<0.05). Among the vehicles, 78.3% were the large vehicles (bus, truck or van). The where of accident was more frequent at an alley or less than two lanes of traffic. But, the relationships between the place of accident and associated injury or the kind of vehicles and associated injury were not statistically significant. The associated injury were fracture or dislocation (23 cases, 35.9%), injury of tendon (21 cases, 32.8%). There were amputation or disarticulation of foot in 8 cases (8.2%) and post-traumatic deformities such as flatfoot, hindfoot varus or valus deformities by tendon injury in 7 cases (7.2%). Conclusion: More than 50% of crushing or degloving injuries of child's foot by traffic accidents happened in boys between 5 to 9 years old. The associated injury was unrelated with size of vehicles or accident place at the time of accident. But, even though foot injury happened in an alley or one lane by small vehicles, child who hurt feet by car need thorough investigation about associated injury. If a surgeon keep in mind and treat child to associated injury necessarily, can minimize complication. Microsurgical reconstruction for soft tissue defect was prior to other methods.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.436-444
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• 2016

Objectives: Despite recent efforts to prevent suffocation disasters, a number of confined space accidents still happen and each year deaths continue to occur. There have been insufficient studies on the dangers of various potential disaster sites, such as manholes, septic tanks, reactors, and other tanks according to type, characteristics, task-specific disasters, equipment specific disasters, etc. The purpose of this study was to analyze recent suffocation disasters based on place and properties. Methods: In this study, we analyzed confined space accident cases from 2005 to 2015 in Korea and grouped them by type, size, monthly occurrence, continuous service period, accident location, person-specific group, age, employment, structural work and subcontracting work. We studied examples of accidents developed in other countries. Results: (1) We reviewed confined-space accident statistics, compared legal standards and analyzed cases of suffocation accidents in the United States and Japan. (2) Using a case study report from the Korea Occupational Safety & Health Agency, we specified confined-space accident statistics based on place, person-specific group, age, employment, structural work and subcontracting work. As a result we generated some precautions about confined-space accidents for the prevention of such accidents. Conclusions: Conclusions: Statistical analysis of recent suffocation disaster cases was performed to establish improvement measures, compare practices from developed countries, and develop precautionary measures accordingly. In this study, we presented the causes of disaster that occur in a confined space and proposed related preventive measures.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.79-86
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• 2021

On the construction site, there exists frequently a high likelihood that a fire accident can lead to a large-scale disaster. In the previous studies, the diverse outcomes have been focused on the improvement of relative statutes and tried to realize the suppression and confrontation of the fire accidents. In this study, the limitations on the site were identified through prior research reviews, and the fire risk assessment checklist was proposed through the analysis of the massive accident cases. The checklist was divided into the prevention and minimization steps and developed into 16 categories of total risk factors. According to the results from the cases applied in this study, if the installation status is checked, such as removing combustibles, and broadcasting facilities for evacuation are installed, it is expected that the casualties will be minimized or zeroed. By developing a fire risk assessment checklist, this study provides the implications of the theoretical and realistic fire accident prevention, and supports the ways to minimize the damage resulted from the fire accidents on construction sites. In the further, deriving universe and common items about repeated occurrences of a work type will be needed as a subsequent research.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.53-83
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• 2007

The purpose of this paper is to study precedent cases of the Air carrier liability for passengers. The article 17 of Warsaw Convention (also in Montreal Convention article 17-1) provides the Air carrier liability for passengers which is the most essential part of the Air carrier liability. According to these Conventions, 1) the carrier is liable for damage sustained in case of death or bodily injury of a passenger. Precedents and theories have disagreements on whether the damage covers the mental injury as well. 2) The carrier is liable for damage sustained from aviation accident. The definition of 'aviation accident' is becoming problematic. 3) The carrier is liable for damage sustained in case of death or bodily injury of a passenger upon condition only that the accident which caused the death or injury took place on board the aircraft or in the course of any of the operations of embarking or disembarking. The question at issue is the range of the operations of embarking or disembarking. This paper introduces the precedents (also, the model precedents) about the carriers liability for passengers and related cases, so as to help understand the trend of judicial decisions. Furthermore, the cases, once took all of the attention of the international air carriers, concerned with the 'Economy class syndrome' (DVT : Deep Vein Thrombosis) are also presented. Under the new Montreal Convention, the carriers liability for passengers will continue to be the main issue. Thus it is required that academics as well as practical businesses may keep up their studies about this issue.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.83-86
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• 1981

Eight cases by power tiller accidents experienced for 3 years from Jan. 1978 to Dec. 1980 were studied clinically. The results are as follows: 1. The most of the patients were thirties to fifties, and the incidence rate of male to female 7:1. 2. The common injuries were hemopneumothorax and multiple rib fractures [respectively and the other associated injuries were hepatic and delayed splenic ruptures, and fractures of the another sites. 3. The accident forms were overturning [50.0%], falling down from the power tiller [37.5%], and collision against the power tiller [12.5%]. 4. All of the drivers and 75% of the passengers in the patients were drunken states at the accident time. 5. The common methods of treatment were closed thoracostomy [62.5%], conservative treatment [37.5%], and exploratory laparotomy [25.0%].

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.12-19
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• 2011

Real-world accident cases were investigated to understand injury characteristics of the elderly driver. A total 10 cases of car-to-car frontal crash accidents from passenger car including SUV claimed to domestic car insurance company were reviewed. The injury characteristics of the elderly were analyzed from personal information (gender, age), medical treatment record (medical certificate, curative days), vehicle information (model, air-bag, seatbelt) and damage information. This study showed that elderly driver has higher possibility of thorax injury than non-elderly's. Moreover, Injury type and severity were more severe than non-elderly driver at similar type accident conditions. Also, elderly driver's medical treatment period needs 3 times more than non-elderly driver's.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.167-176
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• 1999

Construction accidents occur reiteratively in similar fashions. There have been several attempts to develop a safety program for preventing construction accidents on sites. It will be very effective to use previous accident cases for establishing proper safety plan and managing safety process. This research develops a case-based construction safety management system which enables construction managers or safety managers to prevent potential accidents during the construction process. The case-oriented approach is performed through the representation of previous accident cases in accordant with the similarity to the conditions of current site. It uses a case-based reasoning which is one of the reasoning methods of an expert system. A prototype system for the reasoning model was implemented using one of the case based system development tools. The system was applied to a real construction site to verify its capability and validity. It was founded that the causes of accidents were successfully removed, so the proposed model proved to be reasonable. Additional research is needed to resolve the technical problem how to adapt the countermeasures for accident prevention provided by the reasoning model.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.127-134
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• 2016

PURPOSES : Low visibility caused by dark surroundings at nighttime affects the likelihood of accidents, and various efforts, such as installing road safety facilities, have been made to reduce accidents at night. Despite these efforts, the nighttime severity index (SI) in Korea was higher than the daytime SI during 2011-2014. This study determined the factors affecting daytime and nighttime accident severity through a discriminant analysis. METHODS : Discriminant analysis. RESULTS : First, drowsiness, lack of attention, and lighting facilities affected both daytime and nighttime accident severity. Accidents were found to be caused by a low ability to recognize the driving conditions and a low obstacle avoidance capability. Second, road conditions and speeding affected only the daytime accident severity. Third, failure to maintain a safe distance significantly affected daytime accident severity and nonsignificantly affected nighttime accident severity. The majority of such accidents were caused by rear-end collisions of vehicles driving in the same direction; given the low relative speed difference in such cases, the shock imparted by the accidents was minimal. CONCLUSIONS : Accidents caused by a failure to maintain a safe distance has lower severity than do accidents caused by other factors.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aviation and Aeronautics
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.63-70
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• 2020

Many organizations apply reactive safety management to prevent the same or similar types of accidents by through investigation and analysis of the accident cases. Although research on investigation techniques has contributed a lot to the objective results of safety accidents and the preparation of countermeasures, many accident investigation techniques currently in use treat accidents from a linear perspective, revealing limitations in reflecting current systems dominated by complexity and uncertainty. In order to overcome these limitations, this study will review recent studies and concepts from a system safety perspective and predict future research trends through a case analysis of aviation accident. The models used in the analysis are STAMP, HFACS, and FRAM, and the characteristics of each technique are presented so that analysts who perform related tasks in the field can refer to them.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.160-165
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• 2014

The realistic cases causing severe core damage should be analyzed and arranged systematically for preparing an accident management of the specific nuclear power plant. The objective of this paper is to establish basic technical information for reactor safety and reactor building integrity management strategies in CANDU reactor severe accident. For the development of severe accident management strategies, plant specific features and behaviors must be studied by detailed analysis works. This analysis scope will serve to cover overall methods and analyzing results to understand the reactor building integrity status in the most likely severe accident sequences that could occur at CANDU reactor. Also analysis results could help prevent or mitigate severe accidents for the identification of any plant specific vulnerabilities to severe accidents using the probabilistic safety assessment (PSA) quantified results.