• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.38
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• pp.43.1-43.4
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• 2016

Background: Supernumerary nostril is a congenital anomaly that contains additional nostril with or without accessory cartilage. These rare congenital nasal deformities result from embryological defects. Since 1906, Lindsay (Trans Pathol Soc Lond. 57:329-330, 1906) has published the first research of bilateral supernumerary nostrils, and only 34 cases have been reported so far in the English literature. Case presentation: A 1-year-old female baby was brought to our department group for the treatment of an accessory opening above the left nostril which had been presented since her birth. Medical history was non-specific and her birth was normal. The size of a supernumerary nostril was about 0.2 cm diameter and connected to the left nostril. The right one was normal. Minimal procedure was operated for the anomaly. After 1 year, rhinoplasty was performed for the nostril asymmetry. Conclusions: At 1 year follow-up, the functional and cosmetic result was satisfactory. In this case, it is important that we have early preoperative diagnosis. Also, it is desirable that we should perform a corrective surgery as soon as possible for the patient's psychosocial growth.

• Archives of Craniofacial Surgery
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.60-62
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• 2012

Purpose: Supernumerary nostril, also known as triple nostril or accessory nostril, is one of the extremely rare congenital nasal deformities which includes an additional nostril. Since Lindsey reported the first case of a supernumerary nostril, only 34 cases of supernumerary nostril have been reported world widely. And there was no any domestic case. In the present case, we described a case of supernumerary nostril and reviewed all the literature cases of supernumerary nostril. Methods: A 10-month-old female patient visited to the authors with an additional nostril located above her right nostril, which had been present since birth. Antenatal history was uneventful and the infant's birth was normal. On physical examination there were no other abnormalities and additional nostril was communicating with ipsilateral normal nasal cavity. We performed fistulectomy and local flap for the correction. Results: After 7 months postoperatively, the patient was doing well. The functional outcome was excellent and the cosmetic result was satisfactory. During the long term follow-up for 8 years, there were no specific problems. Conclusion: In supernumerary nostril, preoperative evaluation of other abnormalities is very important and we advocate that corrective surgery can be performed at an early age for patient's psychosocial development.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.223-228
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• 2016

The anatomy and histology of the olfactory organ in Oryzias sinensis was researched using a stereo microscope and light microscope. In the gross structure, the paired olfactory organs on the dorsal part of the head consist of two nostrils (a circular anterior nostril and a slit posterior nostril in a distance), a single olfactory chamber and a single accessory nasal sac. In the histological study, the epithelium of the olfactory chamber is classified into both sensory and non-sensory regions. The sensory epithelium consists of olfactory receptor neurons, supporting cells, basal cells and vesicles, and is islet in distributional pattern. The non-sensory epithelium is composed of stratified epithelial cells and two types of mucous cells (acidic and neutral cells). The epithelium of the accessory nasal sac has swollen stratified epithelial cells, mucous cells with a rich glycoprotein. Such an olfactory anatomy and histology of O. sinensis may reflect its habitat surrounding stagnant and polluted water.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.11-16
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• 2018

For Odontamblyopus lacepedii with small and turbid eyes, the gross structure and histology of the olfactory organ, which is important for its survival and protection of the receptor neuron in estuarial environment and its ecological habit, was investigated using a stereo, light and scanning electron microscopes. Externally, the paired olfactory organs with two nostrils are located identically on each side of the snout. These nostrils are positioned at the anterior tip of the upper lip (anterior nostril) and just below eyes covered with the epidermis (posterior nostril). Internally, this is built of an elongated olfactory chamber and two accessory nasal sacs. In histology, the olfactory chamber is elliptical in shape, and lined by the sensory epithelium and the non-sensory epithelium. The sensory epithelium of a pseudostratified layer consists of olfactory receptor neurons, supporting cells, basal cells and lymphatic cells. The non-sensory epithelium of a stratified layer has swollen stratified epithelial cells and mucous cells with acidic and neutral sulfomucin. From these results, we confirmed the olfactory organ of O. lacepedii is adapted to its ecological habit as well as its habitat with burrows at the muddy field with standing and murky waters.

• Applied Microscopy
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• v.50
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• pp.18.1-18.7
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• 2020

The olfactory anatomy and histology of Lethenteron reissneri were researched using a stereo microscope, a light microscope, and a scanning electron microscope. As in other lampreys, it shows same characters as follows: i) a single olfactory organ, ii) a single tubular nostril, iii) a single olfactory chamber with gourd-like form, iv) a nasal valve, v) a nasopharyngeal pouch, vi) a sensory epithelium (SE) of continuous distribution, vii) a supporting cells with numerous long cilia, viii) an accessory olfactory organ. However, the description of a pseudostratified columnar layer in the SE and Non SE is a first record, not reported in sea lamprey Petromyzon marinus. In particular, both 19 to 20 lamellae in number and olfactory receptor neuron's quarter ciliary length of the knob diameter differ from those of P. marinus. From these results, it might be considered that the olfactory organ of L. reissneri shows well adaptive structure of a primitive fish to slow flowing water with gravel, pebbles, and sand and a hiding habit into sand bottom at daytime. The lamellar number and neuron's ciliary length may be a meaningful taxonomic character for the class Petromyzonida.

• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2021

Using stereo, light, and scanning electron microscopes, we researched the anatomical and histological structure of Chaenogobius gulosus's olfactory organ and compared it to those of sympatric gobies Luciogobius guttatus and Favonigobius gymnauchen. Results revealed the following common characteristics: i) tubular anterior nostril (AN) and flat posterior nostril (PN), ii) a single longitudinal lamella, iii) two accessory nasal sacs (ANS, ethmoidal and lacrimal), iv) abundant sensory epithelium lymphatic cells (LC), v) an eosinophil cell, and vi) a ciliary length a quarter of the knob diameter in the olfactory receptor neuron (ORN). Some characteristics are specific to C. gulosus and different from the other two gobies: i) 0.5~1.0 mm AN and 0.2~0.5 mm PN (vs. 0.2~0.3 mm and 0.2~0.3 mm in L. guttatus; 0.2~0.4 mm and 0.1~0.3 mm in F. gymnauchen), ii) two ANS (vs. absence in L. guttatus; two in F. gymnauchen), iii) abundant LC (vs. low in L. guttatus and F. gymnauchen), iv) low density non-sensory cilia on the lamellar surface (vs. high in L. guttatus; low in F. gymnauchen), and v) a quarter ciliary length to knob diameter ratio in the ORN (vs. mixture of a quarter to equal ratio in L. guttatus; two or three times in F. gymnauchen). From these results, we confirmed the C. gulosus olfactory organ has adapted anatomically and histologically to the sand-rock tidal zone.