• 한국육종학회지
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.139-143
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• 2010

Late blight caused by Phytophthora infestans is historically a serious epidemic disease in potato and tomato cultivations. Accession L3708 (Solanum pimpinellifolium), a new source for late blight resistance was identified in AVRDC, and carries the resistance gene, Ph-3, incompatible to P. infestans race 3. The AFLP markers linked to Ph-3 were previously developed from the L3708 accession (Chunwongse et al. 2002). To facilitate tomato breeding with the Ph-3 gene, an attempt was made to convert AFLP markers to sequence-characterized amplified region (SCAR) markers. Among 6 AFLP markers, only one AFLP marker, L87, was successfully converted to SCAR marker. The resistance-specific 230 bp AFLP fragment was cloned and sequenced, and the PCR primer amplifying a 123 bp fragment was designed. This SCAR marker could discriminate resistant and susceptible individuals with high stringency. The developed SCAR marker could be used for the marker assisted-selection in tomato breeding programs.

• International Journal of Advanced Culture Technology
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.39-66
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• 2022

Modern Bulgarian nationalists aspired towards incorporating the self-identified Bulgarian lands into the Bulgarian state. The Treaty of San Stefano ending the Russo-Turkish War of 1877-78 tantalizingly achieved these so-called national ideals. Great Power diplomacy quickly diminished Bulgaria's borders and international legal status with the 1878 Treaty of Berlin, exacerbating nationalist grievances. Bulgaria would expand vast resources to restore the San Stefano borders until Balkan Communist authoritarian regimes eventually suppressed the Macedonian issue as a foreign policy subject. Sofia's policy towards its neighbor has been overdetermined by the efforts of successive Bulgarian governments to institutionalize post-communist Bulgaria's own national identity. Bulgaria's integration into so-called Euro-Atlantic structures, i.e., NATO and the EU, had been the primary strategic objective of the Bulgarian authorities since the end of the Zhivkov regime. North Atlantic community security policy aims in response to the earliest post-Cold War foreign policy crises in the Western Balkans framed the parameters of Bulgarian diplomacy. The stabilization of FYROM in 2001, followed by Bulgaria's 2007 EU accession, led to Bulgarian nationalist values become more salient in Bulgarian politics and foreign policy. Sofia-Skopje relations are a test case for the effects of Europeanization on interdependent Balkan ethno-sectarian nationalisms and state territorial institutional development.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2022년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.17-17
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• 2022

Leaves are an important organism for photosynthesis and transpiration. The shape of leaf is crucial factor affecting plant architecture. V-shape leaf rolling is enhancing canopy photosynthesis by increasing the CO₂ penetration and the light capture by reducing the shadow between the leaves. Therefore, moderate leaf rolling is thought to more high grain yield per area than flat leaf. We investigated 278 KRICE_CORE accession's Adaxial Leaf Rolling Index (LRI) in first heading using the following equation. For each accession, genomic DNA was used for sequencing. We sequenced the genomics with ~8 X coverage to detect SNPS. Raw reads were aligned against the rice reference (IRGSP 1.0) for SNP identification and genotype calling. To generate genotype data for GWAS, SNPs were filtered with minor allele frequency 0.05. Finally, 841,134 high-quality SNPs were used for our GWAS. The significant threshold was -log10(P)>7.23. From the results, 2 significance SNP were detected. Considering the LD block of 250kbp, 60 candidate gene were selected including Hypothetical gene and Conserved gene. In this poster, we analyzed candidate gene affecting adaxial Leaf Rolling through single-trait GWAS.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2022년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.243-243
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• 2022

Leaves are an important organism for photosynthesis and transpiration. The shape of leaf is crucial factor affecting plant architecture. V-shape leaf rolling is enhancing canopy photosynthesis by increasing the CO₂ penetration and the light capture by reducing the shadow between the leaves. Therefore, moderate leaf rolling is thought to more high grain yield per area than flat leaf. We investigated 278 KRICE CORE accession's Adaxial Leaf Rolling Index (LRI) in first heading using the following equation. For each accession, genomic DNA was used for sequencing. We sequenced the genomics with ~8 X coverage to detect SNPS. Raw reads were aligned against the rice reference (IRGSP 1.0) for SNP identification and genotype calling. To generate genotype data for GWAS, SNPs were filtered with minor allele frequency 0.05. Finally, 841,134 high-quality SNPs were used for our GWAS. The significant threshold was -log10(P) >7.23. From the results, 2 significance SNP were detected. Considering the LD block of 250kbp, 60 candidate gene were selected including Hypothetical gene and Conserved gene. In this poster, we analyzed candidate gene affecting adaxial Leaf Rolling through single-trait GWAS.

• 환경정책연구
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.39-57
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• 2012

유전자원의 접근 및 이익의 공평하고 균등한 공유에 관한 나고야의정서(이하 '의정서'로 지칭함)의 발효에 따라 향후 우리나라의 바이오기업들이 해외 유전자원에 접근하고 이용과정에서 나타날 수 있는 추가적인 경제적 부담을 분석하였다. 의정서 가입에 따라 발생할 수 있는 우리나라 바이오기업들의 추가적인 부담 금액은 우리나라의 바이오산업 규모, 해외 유전자원 의존비율, 로열티 기준 ABS 적용비율을 이용하여 분석하였다. 의정서가 2009년에 발효했다면, 우리나라의 바이오기업들은 2009년 기준으로 국내 이용하는 해외 유전자원에 대한 ABS 비용으로 13억~60억 원을 추가로 지불해야 했다. 그리고 이 금액은 점차 증가하여 2015년에는 136억~639억 원(우리나라 바이오산업시장의 0.01% 이하)을 추가로 지불해야 할 것으로 예측하였다. 이 금액을 볼 때, 우리나라의 의정서 가입은 국내 바이오기업의 매출액 감소폭에 미미한 수준으로 작용할 것으로 보고 있다. 의정서가 발효하면, 의정서의 가입여부와 관계없이 외국의 유전자원을 이용하는 당사자(국)는 PIC 비용과 당사자(유전자원 제공자와 이용자)들 간의 MAT에 의한 ABS 비용을 지불해야 한다. 이 ABS 비용은 우리나라의 당사자와 상대국의 당사자 간의 사적 자치에 의해 결정될 것이다. 반면에 우리나라는 의정서 가입에 따른 유전자원 제공국으로서의 이점을 얻을 수 있다. 외국 기업의 우리 유전자원 이용에 따른 전통지식을 포함한 로열티 이익과 국내 유전자원을 이용한 라이센싱 수익 발생 등이다. 그 외 의정서의 발효 이후, 유전자원의 접근 및 이익 공유에 관한 소송 또는 특허 취소 소송과 규제 등을 포함하는 다양한 사회 경제적 편익을 고려할 때, 의정서 가입과 미가입에 따라 우리나라 바이오산업에 미치는 경제적인 영향 차이는 크지 않을 것으로 보인다.

• 식물병연구
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.337-340
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• 2015

2014년 7월 중순부터 11월까지 전라남도 여수시 금오도의 농가포장에 갯기름나물 녹병이 발생되었다. 녹병은 새로운 잎보다는 아래로 늘어진 오래된 잎에서 주로 발병되었는데, 병징은 잎 앞면과 뒷면, 그리고 잎자루에 주황색 모양의 여름포자퇴를 만들었으며, 그 안에는 대량의 포자를 가지고 있었다. 그러나 갯기름나물 꽃에는 녹병이 관찰되지 않았다. 녹병에 심하게 감염된 식물체는 여름포자퇴 주변에서 갈색형태의 반점을 보였으며, 잎이 황화되거나 고사되고 조기 노화를 가져왔다. 녹병균의 여름포자퇴는 잎 표면의 앞 뒷면과 잎자루에 발생하였으며, 개별적으로 형성되거나 때때로 군집하여 형성되기도 하였다. 둥근 원형에서 길쭉한 반구 형태로 표피로 덮여 있거나, 벗겨진 표피로 둘러 쌓여진 형태로 직경은 0.1-4 mm이며, 분말형태의 구릿빛 갈색을 띄고 있었다. 여름포자는 달걀모양에서 타원형으로 겉 표면에 가시 같은 돌기가 있는 밝은 갈색으로 $20-45{\times}15-35{\mu}m$이며, 벽의 두께는 $2-4{\mu}m$이었다. 28S rDNA의 염기서열을 NCBI에서 BLAST search한 결과 등록된 GenBank accession number는 없는 것으로 확인되었다. 따라서 녹병의 발생생태, 균학적 특징, 28S rDNA의 D1/D2의 염기서열 분석 등의 결과를 바탕으로 기존의 보고된 P. jogashimensis에 의한 갯기름나물 녹병을 다시 보완하고자 한다.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.123-129
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• 2003

국내 홍화 수집종의 재배적 특성과 지방산 함량을 비교한 결과는 다음과 같이 나타났다. 수집종의 파종 후 발아기간은 12∼13일로 수집 종간 차이가 없었으며, 발아율은 87.5%이상으로 양호하였다. 지상부 생육특성에서 초장은 파종 후 84일 이후부터는 더 이상 자라지 않았고, 엽수는 파종 후 70일 이후부터 는 증가되지 않았다. 수집종간 엽수는 17∼23매로 수집종간 6매 정도의 차이를 보였다. 개화기는 파종 후 79∼90일 경으로 수집종간 11일 정도의 차이를 보였으며, 수집종 중에서 장성종이 79일로 가장 빨리 개화되었다 결실특성은 주지를 포함한 가지수가 4.7∼8.8개로 두상화수 4.8∼8.9개 와 같은 경향이었으며, 두상화당 종실수는 29.3∼49.1개 이였다 100립중은 2.9∼3.9 g으로 나타났다. 기름함량은 조지방 함량이 21. 8∼33.9%이고 , 지방산은 리 놀 렌 산 이 66.6∼77.6%로 가장 많이 함유되어 있고, 올레산이 9.2∼16.5%였으며 팔미트산, 스테아르산, 베닌산 및 아라키돈산 등이 함유되어 있었다 이상의 결과로 볼 때 11개 수집종 중에서 개화기가 가장 빠르고 종실수가 많으며 조지방 함량이 33%로 가장 많이 함유되어 있는 장성 수집종이 품종 육성에 이용할 가장 유망한 종으로 판단된다.

• 한국작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국작물학회 2017년도 9th Asian Crop Science Association conference
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• pp.104-104
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• 2017

Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench.) is one of the most important crops for human and animal nutrition. Nonetheless, sorghum has a cyanogenic glucoside compound which can be degraded into hydrogen cyanide, toxic to humans and animals even with tiny amount. In consequence, breeding materials with a low cyanide level has been a top priority in sorghum breeding programs. To fulfill our long-term goal, we are screening sorghum accessions with low cyanide level, which would be an important breeding material for food safety. We collected seeds of various sorghum accessions and analyzed relevant metabolites to find useful breeding materials of sorghum accessions containing low cyanide. Fourteen wild relatives were obtained from the University of Georgia in US, a reference accession BTx623, and three local varieties from National Agrobiodiversity Center of Rural Development Administration in Korea, and one wild species from the Wild Plant Resources Seed Bank of Korea University in Korea. Sorghum plants were grown in plastic greenhouse under natural conditions. After growing, leaf samples were harvested at different developmental stages: seedling phase, vegetative phase (right before flowering), and reproductive phase (ripening). Using collected samples, quantification analysis were performed by an HPLC system for three metabolites (dhurrin, 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde, and 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid) in sorghum plants. Prior to metabolome analysis, specific experimental condition for HPLC system was set to be able to separate three metabolites simultaneously. Under this condition, these metabolites were quantified in each accession by HPLC system. We observed that the metabolite contents were changed differently by developmental stages and accessions. We clustered these results into five groups as patterns of their contents by developmental stages. Most of accessions showed that 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde content was very high at seedling stage and decreased rapidly at vegetative phase. Interestingly, the patterns of dhurrin content were very different among clusters. However, 4-hydroxyphenylacetic acid content was maintained at low levels by developmental stages in most accessions. The results would demonstrate how dhurrin and alternative degradation pathways are differentiated in each accession.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.386-392
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• 2016

Background: Sorghum is a major cereal food crop used in many parts of the world. It has been grown on a subsistence level by farmers, under various conditions of environmental stresses in the semi-arid tropics of Africa and Asia. This plant has received significant attention because of its ability to reduce cholesterol in the blood, and its anti-dementia, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties. It is possible to develop a functional and commercially viable sorghum variety by using superior cultivars of sorghum. The objective of this study was to build a database of superior sorghum accession. Methods and Results: We used 250 sorghum accessions collected from different geographical bioregions in Korea. We determined various agronomic characters including germination rate and ear length of these accessions. To determine the antioxidant capacity, we measured the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity, 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)-diammonium salt radical scavenging activity, total phenolic contents, and total flavonoid contents. Accession 189 showed higher germination (> 80%) than the other accessions. Higher 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity was observed in 11-SB-078 ($RC_{50}$; $1.89{\pm}2.88{\mu}g/m{\ell}$), and higher 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)-diammonium salt radical scavenging activity was recorded in 11-SB-116 ($RC_{50}$; $35.48{\pm}2.42{\mu}g/m{\ell}$) than in the other accessions. The ear length ranged from 15 cm to 48 cm, the total phenolic contents ranged from $3mg{\cdot}GAE/g$ to $77mg{\cdot}GAE/g$, and total flavonoid contents ranged from $0.09mg{\cdot}QE/g$ to $1.07mg{\cdot}QE/g$. Conclusions: Among 250 sorghum accessions, we selected 10 with both superior agronomic characters and highly functional food quality.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제56권2호
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• pp.167-176
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• 2011

Brown planthopper (BPH) is a serious insect pest of rice crop throughout rice growing countries, and yield loss due to its infection can be up to 60%. This study aimed to evaluate efficiency of molecular markers for screening BPH resistance accessions among 86 aromatic rice germplasm Eighty-six accessions of aromatic rice germplasm included two accessions of Tongil type (bred in Korea), 28 accessions of japonica type and 56 accessions of indica type. We applied eight STS markers (pBPH9, pBPH19, pBPH20, pBPH21, AJ09-b, RG457L, RG457B, and 7312.T4A) which were linked to four of BPH resistance genes, Bph1, Bph13(t), Bph10, and Bph18(t) respectively. One japonica type accession, 415XIr352, and six indica type accessions possessed one or four positive bands when tested with four STS markers linked to Bph1 gene. One indica type aromatic rice, Basmati9-93, showed the target bands linked to the Bph10 gene. The other accessions did not show same fragments as the respective resistant lines. Bph13(t) is the most widely introduced resistance gene and only one accession showed positive bands implying that this accession might harbor Bph10 and Bph18(t) genes. Three aromatic accessions, Domsiah, Khao Dawk Mali 105 and 415XIr352 showed gene pyramiding of Bph1 and Bph13(t). Two indica aromatic rice, Ds 20 and Basmati 9-93, possessed at least two BPH resistance genes, Bph1, Bph18(t) and Bph13(t), Bph18(t), respectively. These results indicates that aromatic rice germplasm have narrow diversities of BPR resistance genes.