• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제12권5호
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• pp.555-566
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• 1996

In order to assess the long-term airborne concentrations of 6 metals such as Cr, Cd, Pb, Zn, K, and Na and the associated health resk, a great number of PM-10 samples were collected and analyzed in Kyung Hee University-Suwon Campus for three years from 1991 to 1993. The 3-year average concentration of Pb in respirable particulate matters was 142.6 ng/m$^{3}$ while that of Zn was 1,210.5ng/m$^{3}$. The corresponding hazard index from Pb Zn for the ingalation route was estimated to be 9.5.times.10$^{-2}$ and 3.5.times.10$^{-2}$ , respectively. Therefore, it can be said that there was no adverse chronic health effects by airborne Pb and Zn. However, the 2-year average concentration of Cr(6) was estimated to be 1.3ng/m$^{3}$ shile the 3-year average concentration of Cd was 3.1ng/m$^{3}$. The total cancer risk by these two metals for the inhalation route was estimated to be about 7.2.times.10$^{-6}$ . This order-of-magnitude risk estimate suggests that the ingalation risk in the study area from all carcinogenic metals including As and Ni (subsulfide) might exceed the acceptable risk criteria of 10$^{-5}$ -10$^{-6}$ by U.S.EPA.For a better risk assessment in the future, alveolar deposition of PM-10 in the study area were also discussed and an assessment was done.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.52-61
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• 2014

Metal concentrations in the former Janghang smelter area were determined and human health risk of arsenic (As) with bioaccessibility was investigated. Site investigation of the area within 1.5 km from the Janghang smelter showed the As concentrations of 4.8~169.8 mg/kg (avg. 37.8 mg/kg). For 85 samples out of 126 samples, As concentrations were higher than the Worrisome Level of the Korean Soil and Environment Conservation Act, and seven samples exceeded the Countermeasure Standard. Risk assessment for As incorporated with the bioaccessibility revealed that potential human health risk of the carcinogenic ($1.8{\sim}5.0{\times}10^{-5}$) was above the acceptable risk range ($10^{-5}{\sim}10^{-6}$) while the risk of the non-carcinogenic was not found. Remediation goals based on risk incorporated with bioaccessibility of As ranged from 10.8 to 20.0 mg/kg. Such difference in the remediation goals resulted from various bioaccessibility of As (i.e., between 8.7~66.3%) at the study site.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.302-316
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• 2023

Purpose: This study aimed to develop and validate a structural model for the quality of life (QoL) among high-risk pregnant women, based on Roy's adaptation model. Methods: This cross-sectional study collected data from 333 first-time mothers diagnosed with a high-risk pregnancy in two obstetrics and gynecology clinics in Cheonan, Korea, or participating in an online community, between October 20, 2021 and February 20, 2022. Structured questionnaires measured QoL, contextual stimuli (uncertainty), coping (adaptive or maladaptive), and adaptation mode (fatigue, state anxiety, antenatal depression, maternal identity, and marital adjustment). Results: The mean age of the respondents was 35.29±3.72 years, ranging from 26 to 45 years. The most common high-risk pregnancy diagnosis was gestational diabetes (26.1%). followed by preterm labor (21.6%). QoL was higher than average (18.63±3.80). Above-moderate mean scores were obtained for all domains (psychological/baby, 19.03; socioeconomic, 19.00; relational/spouse-partner, 20.99; relational/family-friends, 19.18; and health and functioning, 16.18). The final model explained 51% of variance in QoL in high-risk pregnant women, with acceptable overall model fit. Adaptation mode (β=-.81, p=.034) and maladaptive coping (β=.46 p=.043) directly affected QoL, and uncertainty (β=-. 21, p=.004), adaptive coping (β=.36 p=.026), and maladaptive coping (β=-.56 p=.023) indirectly affected QoL. Conclusion: It is essential to develop nursing interventions aimed at enhancing appropriate coping strategies to improve QoL in high-risk pregnant women. By reinforcing adaptive coping strategies and mitigating maladaptive coping, these interventions can contribute to better maternal and fetal outcomes and improve the overall well-being of high-risk pregnant women.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제40권sup권
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• pp.29-38
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to establish an association between the percent of energy from total sugar and disease prevalence of obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, and metabolic syndrome with the context of the current population dietary practice in Korea. The Korean National Health and Nutrition Survey, 2001 and 2002 dataset were used as the source of data for this research. Usual nutritional intakes for over 20 years old people were calculated from the two non-consecutive dietary intake data from KNHANES 2001 and 2002 dataset. SAS and SUDAAN were used for statistical analyses. Sample weighted means, standard errors, and population percentages were calculated, and multiple logistic regression model with adjustment for covariates were used to determine the odds ratios(ORs) and 95% confidence intervals. Subjects were categorized as 3 ways and compared the LS means and ORs for heath factors. First, subjects excluding pregnant women, were categorized according to percent of energy from the usual total sugar intakes as ${\leq}10%$, 11-15%, 16-20%, 21-25%, >25%. Risk of LDL cholesterol showed a tendency to increase in the '>25%' group compared to the '<10%' group. The risks of the other health effects did not show any significant differences. Second, the subjects were categorized considering both Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range(AMDR) from carbohydrate and %Energy from total sugar as 'CHO<55% & Total sugar ${\leq}10%$', 'CHO 55-70% & Total sugar 11-25%', and '$CHO{\geq}70%$ & Total sugar ${\geq}25%$'. The risk of obesity tended to increase in the '$CHO{\geq}70%$ & Total sugar ${\geq}25%$' group compared to the 'CHO<55% & Total sugar ${\leq}10%$'. Third, the subjects were categorized as 'CHO<55% & Total sugar ${\leq}10%$', 'CHO 55-70% & Total sugar 11-20%', and '$CHO{\geq}70%$ & Total sugar ${\geq}20%$'. The risk of obesity also tended to increase in the '$CHO{\geq}70%$ & Total sugar ${\geq}20%$' group compared to the 'CHO<55% & Total sugar ${\geq}20%$' group. In conclusion, risk of LDL cholesterol showed a tendency to increase in the over 25% total sugar intake group, and the risk of obesity tended to increase in the 20-25% total sugar intake and high carbohydrate intake group. The risks of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, insulin resistance, and metabolic syndrome were not associated with total sugar intakes. More research to elucidate the association for Korean between the intakes of total sugar, added sugar, glucose, fructose, and sweeteners and diseases prevalences shoud be excuted in the future.

• 농약과학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.391-394
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• 2012

Chlorpyrifos 유제 살포액 조제 시 작업자의 손 노출량 측정하였으며, 위해성 평가를 실시하였다. 분석기기상의 검출한계는 0.25 ng, 정량한계는 1 ng로 설정하였고, 표준 검량선의 직선성과 분석재현성은 우수하였다. 장갑의 회수율은 72.3-103.4% 이었다. 살포액 조제 시 평균 손 노출은 3.9 mg이었으며, 조제 약량 대비 0.004%이었다. 위해성평가를 하기 위하여 한국 평균 남자 체중, 농작업자노출허용량(AOEL, acceptable operator exposure level) 손 노출량을 비교하였다. 또한 하루 조제 횟수는 8회로 가정하였고, 가장 많이 노출되는 최악의 경우를 확인하기 위하여 30 반복 손 노출량의 75 percentile에 해당하는 노출량(4.6 mg)을 이용하여 위해성 평가 결과 위해성이 낮은 것으로 판단되었으나, 30반복 각각의 위해성 평가 결과 2회는 노출량보다 허용량보다 많아서 위해성이 예상되었다.

• 한국토양환경학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.13-29
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• 1998

최근, 오염된 토양에 의한 유해영향들이 보고되면서 보건관리차원에서 토양복원에 대한 관심이 고조되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 영남지역에 위치하고 있는 5곳의 폐광산지역(다락광산, 다덕광산, 진곡광산, 달성광산, 일광광산)을 대상으로 광산입구와 주변지역의 토양중 비소오염도를 조사하였고, 위해성평가 방법론을 활용하여 오염된 토양에 의한 인체노출경로를 확인하고, 장기적인 노출시 만성일일노출량과 초과발암위해도를 계산하므로, 지역의 미래토지이용도를 고려한 복원목표를 설정하였다. 비소는 인체발암물질(Human Carcinogen, IRIS 1997)로 구분되는 유독물질로서 경구노출에 의해 피부암 유병율이 통계학적으로 유의하게 높은 것으로 알려지고 있다. 토양중 비소는 구강을 통한 직접섭취, 피부흡수, 토양비소가 식물로 전달된 식품의 섭취를 통해 인체에 노출될 수 있다. 광산별 비소오염도 수준은 다덕광산이 가장 높아, 평균값이 1950mg/kg 이었으며, 진곡광산도 1690mg/kg수준으로 높았고, 오염도 순위는 다덕광산, 진곡광산, 일광광산, 달성광산, 다락광산순이었다. 비소오염도에 근거한 토지용도별 위해도치 계산을 위하여 미래의 토지용도를 주거지역, 농경지역 상업지역, 공장지역으로 구분하고 각각의 노출시나리오(토양섭취, 피부흡수, 식품을 통한 노출)를 설정하여 지역별 만성일일노출량을 구하고, 발암력 $1.5(mg/kg/day)^{-1}$ (IRIS, 1997)을 환산함으로써 비소에 대한 피부암 초과발암위해도치를 구한 결과, 계산된 95th값 수준은 주거지역, 농경지역의 경우 모든 광산이 $10^{-4}$이상 수준이었고 상업지역의 경우는 다락광산이 6$\times$$10^{-8}$수준으로 가장 낮았으며, 공장지역의 경우는 3$\times$$10^{-8}$ 수준으로 다락광산이 가장 낮았다. 비소의 복원목표 설정을 위해 초과발암위해도 수준 $10^{-6}$을 허용수준으로 하였을 경우 현 상태에서 복원작업 없이도 토지활용이 가능한 광산으로 $10^{-8}$ 수준의 위해도치를 나타낸 다락광산의 경우 상업지역과 공장지역으로의 활용이 가능할 것으로 판단되었다 또한 허용위해도 수준을 $10^{-6}$ 수준으로 하고 토양의 비소오염도 수준을 역추적하므로 구한 복원목표치는 주거지역, 농경지역, 상업지역, 공장지역의 경우 각각 0.02mg/kg, 0.003mg/kg, 97.31mg/kg, 194.62mg/kg수준으로 추계되었다. 즉, 일광광산의 경우 공장지역으로 활용코자 한다면 지역의 비소오염도 수준을 194.62mg/kg이하 수준(복원목표수준)으로 낮춰야 한다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제24권7호
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• pp.927-937
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• 2015

This study was performed to identify and quantify the asbestos fibers released from two types of asbestos-cement slate roofs. One is a plant roof installed in 1987 which contained 15% chrysotile, and the other is a residential roof installed before 1983 which contained 12% chrysotile. The concentrations of asbestos fibers in air surrounding asbestos-cement slate roofs and in the falling water harvested from the same roofs on rainy days ranged from 0.0012 to 0.0018 f/mL and from 1,764 f/L to 10,584 f/L, respectively. The concentration of inorganic fibers in the soil around asbestos-cement slate roofs was from 217 to 348 f/g. With the above results, the excess lifetime cancer risk (ELCR) for the risk assessment of the asbestos fibers released from asbestos-cement slate based on US EPA IRIS (Integrated risk information system) model is within 5.5E-06 ~ 6.5E-06 levels which indicates that the levels do not exceed "the acceptable risk(1.0E-05)" recommended by WHO. The asbestos concentration in air, drained rainfall and soil around the plant slate roof was higher than that around residential slate roof, but the excess lifetime cancer risk (ELCR) from residential slate was higher than that from plant slate. This suggested that the enclose and encapsulation of residential roofs have priority in removal policy to minimize the exposure risk.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.143-149
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• 2012

To prepare measures for practical policy utilization and the control of heavy metals, hazard control related institutions by country, present states of control by country, and present states of control by heavy metals were examined. Hazard control cases by heavy metals in various countries were compared and analyzed. In certain countries (e.g., the U.S., the U.K., and Japan), hazardous substances found in foods (e.g., arsenic, lead, cadmium, and mercury) are controlled. In addition, the Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) recommends calculating the provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI) of individual heavy metals instead of the acceptable daily intake (ADI) to compare their pollution levels considering their toxicity accumulated in the human body. In Korea, exposure assessments have been conducted, and in other countries, hazardous substances are controlled by various governing bodies. As such, in Korea and other countries, diverse food heavy metal monitoring and human body exposure assessments are conducted, and reducing measures are prepared accordingly. To reduce the danger of hazardous substances, many countries provide leaflets and guidelines, develop hazardous heavy metal intake recommendations, and take necessary actions. Hazard control case analyses can assist in securing consumer safety by establishing systematic and reliable hazard control methods.

• Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.29-37
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• 2005

Recently, significant contamination problems by residual chemicals have occasionally been occurred from major rivers and drinking water in Korea. Therefore, the management for use of them and risk assessment should be more strictly performed. In this study, we have analyzed trihalomethanes in treated water samples taken from water plants located in the region of four major rivers (i.e. Han river, Geum river, Youngsan river and Nakdong river) in Korea for eight years (1997～2004). From the data, we could assess the excess cancer risk by calculating the chronic daily intakes (CDI) multiplied by individual oral slope factors, Q₁＊, for the cancer suspected matters such as trihalomethanes, moreover the hazard index which is calculated by dividing the CDI by the acceptable daily reference dose (R/sub f/D) was determined for the risk assessment. As a result, in the case of 95 percentile excess cancer risk, it was shown that the excess cancer risk for dichlorobromomethane in the Nakdong river region is highest among the tested samples as 8.73 x 10/sup -6/. The 95 percentile total hazard index (the sum of individual hazard indices considering R/sub f/D), in addition, was below 1.0 for all samples, and therefore it was assessed that water samples taken from treatment plants of four major rivers are not harmful.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.275-283
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to investigate the performance status of the ligal examination of risk factors of musculoskeletal disorders(MSDs). The study was based on in-depth interviews with the persons in charge of the examination in 63 sampled companies, which are various in location, type of industry and size. The interviews were carried out based on detail questions as well as a predefined checklist. The main findings are as follows: 1) More than half of the companies did not properly comply with the laws in performing the examination of MSDs risk factors; 2) In about 60% of the companies, the examination has been carried out by their own persons; 3) 38% of the companies conducting the survey of musculoskeletal symptoms did not diagnosed musculoskeletal symptoms based on the survey; 4) Most companies performed the prevention activities for MSDs such as education/training, stretching, etc.; 5) It was revealed that the 11 high-risk tasks were not considered to be properly defined by the people in the industries, which results in some difficulties such as ambiguity in defining the 11 tasks and unit tasks; 6) The period of the examination of risk factors, classification of periodic and occupational examinations and legalization of employers' obligation for preventing MSDs are considered to be acceptable or desirable, while it was pointed out that regulations for the method of the risk assessment and the person who in charge of the examination need to be modified.