• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.32-41
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• 2010

Purpose : Glomerulonephropathy (GN) often manifests as proteinuria and progresses to chronic renal failure without specific therapy. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) has been tried as a therapeutic agent in experimental GN, and previous studies showed that administration of MSC concomitantly to the insult inducing GN or via intra-renal administration ameliorated proteinuria. The purpose of this study was to test the therapeutic potential of MSC administered via intravenous route at the time of clinically evident proteinuria. Methods : MSCs were administered intravenously via tail vain into the mice with adriamycin (ADR) induced nephropathy (ADR-GN), two weeks after ADR injection when massive proteinuria was evident. To test the capacity of MSC modulate the cytokine production in the inflammatory milieu, the concentrations of IFN-$\gamma$ and IL-10 were measured in the supernatant of in vitro mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC) with or without additional MSC. Results : MSCs administered intravenously into the proteinuric mice with ADR-GN accelerated the recovery of this experimental GN with disappearance of proteinuria in two weeks when the saline treated (control) mice still showed significant proteinuria. The mice treated with MSC also had a tendency of better survival. Addition of MSC decreased IFN-$\gamma$ and increased IL-10 in the supernatant of MLC. Conclusion : This study showed that MSC had a therapeutic potential even when administered in a more clinically relevant setting into a proteinuric glomerulonephropathy model. Further study to verify the mechanism and long-term safety of this phenomenon is required.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.5-13
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• 2017

The sand layer deposited in clay is called a sand seam, which is formed by inflow of sands due to river flooding or slope failure in the middle of sinking and sediment of clay. When the sand seam exists in clay layer, the drainage direction changes from one way to both ways, and the time of consolidation may be reduced. However, it is not clearly proved due to lack of studies of sand seam and currently is not reflected in the design of soft soil improvement. As a fundamental study about sand seam, the oedometer tests and constant rate of strain tests with Rowe cell were conducted on clay specimens with sand seam. For tests, a frozen method was specially designed for making the sand seam. It was concluded that the test results showed the sand seam affects the coefficient of consolidation of clay. If the thickness of sand seam exceeds 0.05 times of specimen height, the sand seam works as drainage layer of pore water horizontally as well as vertically, and consequently the consolidation is accelerated.