• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.289-294
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• 2004

A high performance liquid chromatographic method was designed for the quantitative analysis of oxymatrine in Sophora Radix. The separation of oxymatrine was performed by reversed-phase chromatography with a $C_{18}$ column and a buffered aqueous solution containing acetonitrile, and monitored by UV absorption at 215 nm. Extraction of oxymatrine in Sophora Radix was carried out using various solvents and extraction methods. The optimum extraction efficiency for the crushed Sophora Radix was achieved by reflux at $80^{\circ}C$ in 50% ethanol for five hours. Most extraction methods used to complicate pretreatments. In this study, sublimation was employed for a extraction method without going through complicate pretreatments. Sublimation was carried out under high vacuum ($1{\times}10^{-3}$ torr) and at high temperature ($200^{\circ}C$). Extraction efficiency using Sublimation was found to be inferior to other extraction methods.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.375-383
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to assess the inter-segmental trunk motion during which multi-segmental movements of the spinal column was designed to interpret the effect of segmentation on the total measured spine motion. Also it analyzed the relative motion at three types of the spine models in drop landing. A secondary goal was to determine the intrinsic algorithmic errors of spine motion and the usefulness of such an approach as a tool to assess spinal motions. College students in the soccer team were selected the ten males with no history of spine symptoms or injuries. Each subject was given a fifteen minute adaptation period of drop landing on the 30cm height box. Inter-segmental spine motion were collected Vicon Motion Capture System (250 Hz) and synchronized with GRF data (1000 Hz). The result shows that Model III has a more increased range of motion (ROM) than Model I and Model II. And the Lagrange energy has significant difference of at E3 and E4 (p<.05). This study can be concluded that there are differences in the three models of algorithm during the phase of load absorption. Especially, Model III shows proper spine motion for the inter-segmental joint motion with the interaction effects using the seven segments. Model III shows more proper observed values about dynamic equilibrium than Model I & Model II. The findings have shown that the dynamic stability strategy of Model III toward multi-directional spinal motion supports for better function of the inter-segmental motor-control than the Model I and Model II.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.57-61
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• 2010

For development of anti-obesity nutraceuticals from mushrooms, new anti-obesity lipase inhibitor from Phellinus linteus was purified by systematic solvent extraction, TLC and HPLC and characterized. Methanol extract from P. linteus most effectively inhibited(72.5%) porcine pancreatic lipase and ethyl acetate fraction showed the highest inhibitory activity in the systematic solvent extraction. A lipase inhibitor from the ethyl acetate fraction was purified through following steps including 3 times silica gel chromatography and preparative HPLC. The purified lipase inhibitor was a yellowish geen powder and its $IC_{50}$ value was 175 ng. Its molecular weight by MALDI-TOF-MS was 523.06 Da and showed maximal absorption spectrum at 225.1 nm.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.985-990
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• 2000

${\zeta}-Carotene$ was subjected to ozonolysis in ice-cold dichloromethane. The ozonolysis products were fractionated with a silica column and the carbonyl fraction was analyzed by ODS-HPLC with a photodiode array detector. ${\zeta}-Carotene$ was solubilized in toluene, and then oxidized by incubating at $37^{\circ}C$, 72 hr under atmospheric oxygen. Carbonyl compound and acidic compound were produced. In comparison with autoxidation and ozonolysis, each compound showed the same retention time and UV-vis spectra were identical to the reference cleavage products prepared by ozonolysis of ${\zeta}-carotene$. Absorption spectrum of acidic compound was similar to that of standard 4,5-didehydrogeranyl geranyl acid which is known to possess biological activity. Thus, eccentric cleavage of ${\zeta}-carotene$ was confirmed to occur in vitro under oxidation condition.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.847-851
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• 2004

The contents of fucoxanthin in Undaria pinnatifida blade, stem and sporophyll were 87.6 mg/100 g, 62.4 mg/100 g and 127.7 mg/100 g, respectively. The fucoxanthin was analysed by using solvent fractionation, silica gel adsorption chromatography and HPLC techniques. Absorption spectrum of carotenoids extracted from Undaria pinnatifida was similar to the fucoxanthin carotenoids in sea mustard. The cleavage products formed by autoxidation of fucoxanthin were evaluated in order to elucidate possible oxidation products of fucoxanthin in liposomal suspension. Fucoxanthin solubilized at 50 $\mu$M in liposomal suspension formed five oxidized products. These results suggest that fucoxanthin might be cleaved to a series of cleavage products under the oxidative condition in liposomal suspension.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.219-224
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• 1999

In our search for the anticonvulsant consitutent of Gastrodia elata repeated column chromatographies guided by activity assay led to isolation of an active compound, which was identified as gastrodin on the basis of spectral data. Brain succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase (SSADH) was inactivated by preincubation with gastrodin in a time-dependent manner and the reaction was monitored by absorption and fluorescene spectroscopic methods. The inactivation followed pseudo-first-order kinetics with the second-rate order constant of $1.2{\times}10^{3} M^{-1} min^{-1}$. The time course of the reaction was significantly affected by the coenzyme NAD^{+}$, which affected complete protection against the loss of the catalytic activity, whereas substrate succinic semialdehyde failed to prevent the inactivation of the enzyme. It is postulated that the gastrodin is able to elevate the neurotransmitter GABA levels in central nervous system by inhibitory action on one of the GABA degradative enzymes, SSADH.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.733-742
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• 2000

Fundamental materialistic characterization and adsorption/neutralization behavior of waste egg shell for heavy metal ion have been studied for its application to wastewater treatment. To investigate the structural change and thermal decomposition characteristics of egg shell. X-ray diffraction and FT-IR analysis were conducted for egg shell treated at $105^{\circ}C$ and $700^{\circ}C$, respectively. For the result of FT-IR analysis, the sample treated at $700^{\circ}C$ showed a reduced C-O absorption band compared with that of egg shell treated at $105^{\circ}C$, which may be due to the $CO_2$ release. Unlike to the result of FT-IR analysis, the XRD patterns of egg shell were almost similar for the cases of $105^{\circ}C$ and $700^{\circ}C$ treatment. however, characteristic diffraction pattern of CaO was observed for $850^{\circ}C$ treatment, at which $CaCO_3$ is known to be completely converted to CaO. TGA/DTA analysis showed a slow decline in weight loss up to $600^{\circ}C$ and, for $600{\sim}800^{\circ}C$ range, the weight loss became drastic by reason of $CO_2$ discharge, which was accompanied by an appearance of major endothermic peak. The ratio of practical breakthrough time to ideal one, total transfer unit, and mass transfer coefficient were observed to be increased as the adsorption was progressed in a multiple-column fixed-bed reactor using egg shell as an adsorbent, which signified the distribution effect of mass transfer for continuous adsorption reaction. The neutralization effect of egg shell for several types of acidic wastewater made of different mineral acids was not much different from each other except for the case of $H_2SO_4$, for which the neutralization reaction was thought to be retarded by the formation of gypsum.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.84-96
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• 2007

We performed the experiments to manufacture the hydrophobic $200cells/in^2$-zeolite honeycomb using HY-type zeolite of Si/Al ratio of 80 for separating and removing the VOCs emitted from small and medium size-plants by adsorption and to determine the drying method for the honeycomb at $105^{\circ}C$ without cracking, then measured performances of the honeycomb to adsorb the benzene, o-xylene, and MEK and to desorb the benzene and MEK saturated on the honeycomb by the nitrogen gas as the desorption gas. As a results, the good honeycomb was formed and the honeycomb was not cracked when the mixing ratio of the zeolite to bentonite to methyl cellulose to polyvinyl alcohol to glycerine to water is 100 : 8.73 : 2.18 : 4.19 : 1.38 : 126 and dried the honeycomb at $105^{\circ}C$ for 24 hours in the drying oven. The shape of the dried honeycomb was not changed after calcination, and the compressive strengths of the honeycomb after drying and calcination were 6.7 and $0.69kg/cm^2$, respectively. The adsorption efficiencies of the honeycomb for benzene, o-xylene, and MEK were $92{\sim}96%$ at the room temperature. The desorption efficiency at $180^{\circ}C$ was higher than that at $150^{\circ}C\;by\;1.5{\sim}13.8%$ depending on the flow rate of the nitrogen gas, and it was found that desorption efficiency is higher than 85% at $180^{\circ}C$ and 1.0L/min of the nitrogen gas. At $180^{\circ}C$ and 0.2 L/min, the concentration of the benzene and MEK in the used desorption gas are higher than 40,000 and 50,000ppm, respectively, so it be used as the fuel for preheating the desorption gas fed into the column in desorption cycle.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.140-148
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• 1994

Indentification of IMP was carried out and changes in ATP breakdown products during storage at $0^{\circ}C\;ad\;20^{\circ}C$ were investigated in the muscles of ascidian Halocynthia roretzi. For identifying IMP, the ion-exchange column chromatographic method was applied to the perchloric acid extract of the muscle of cultured ascidian collected at the southern coast near Chungmu of Korea in April 1989. The IMP of sample was eluted a little earlier than that of the reference standard, but absorption spectra of both fractions agreed each other. In addition, both fractions gave the identical retention time of HPLC. These results reconfirmed that the ascidian muscle did contain IMP, indicating that ATP was degraded through IMP breakdown pathway, such as $ATP{\to}ADP{\to}AMP{\to}IMP{\to}Ino{\to}Hyp$. Ado was detected in some samples and IMP was detected throughout the experimental periods at both temperatures, but their levels were always very low; they did not increase significantly even when the decreasing rate of AMP was very rapid and concomitant remarkable increase in Ino were observed at the early stage of storage. Those changes in ATP suggest that AMP deaminase activity was present in the ascidian muscle, though it was very low. The main breakdwon pathway of ATP was assumed to be $ATP{\to}ADP{\to}AMP{\to}Ado{\to}Ino{\to}Hyp$. In conclusion, there were two breakdown pathways of ATP in the muscle of ascidian as was the case for the muscle of many marine crustaceans.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.359-364
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• 2014

In this study, we developed a HPLC method for the separation and analysis of methylparaben and p-anisic acid, which are commonly used as a synthetic preservative and natural preservative, respectively. Methylparaben and p-anisic acid have same molecular weight (152.15 g/mol), similar structure and same maximum absorption wavelength (250 nm), thus they showed same retention time (RT) value (13.3 min) in HPLC experiment. We observed that two substances are separated on C18 column after methylparaben was derivatized selectively through the acetylation reaction. Instead, RT of the acetylated methylparaben was moved to 23.9 min from 13.3 min. The average retention time was $23.9{\pm}0.1min$ and peak area values was $5042882{\pm}4778$. In addition it showed a high linearity in the calibration curve with a correlation coefficient (R2) of 0.9999658. Detection and quantitation limits were $1.47{\mu}g/mL$ and $4.44{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. In conclusion, the developed method can be useful for separation and analysis of preservatives with similar structure in cosmetic fields.