• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.22 no.9
• /
• pp.1214-1223
• /
• 2012

This study analyzed the in vitro physiological activity of Aconitum pseudolaeve var erectum Nakai (AP) and its effect on perfume on an electroencephalogram (EEG). The results indicated that the absolute alpha power spectrum (AA) and the absolute theta power spectrum (AT) decreased significantly during more than before the inhalation of the AP perfume and its reconstruction perfume. Although there were a little different pattern in the induced part of the wave generated by the inhalation of the AP perfume and its reconstruction perfume, alpha- and theta- were shown equally. In addition, there was the same pattern in which the rate of increase reduced. The results suggest that the perfume of the AP and its reconstruction perfume have a stimulating effect on the brain. In terms of the physiological activity of AP, the activity of AP ethanol extract was significantly higher than that of water extract in DPPH, collagenase, and nitric oxide, except for an astringent effect. The AP ethanol extract was about 80% at 500 ppm in collagenase inhibition activity. In addition, the AP water and ethanol extracts were 50% at 100 ppm in the NO inhibition activity. Based on these results, we conclude that this natural substance could be used in cosmetics and in the development of perfumes.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
• /
• v.35 no.1
• /
• pp.14-21
• /
• 2017

Gastric ulcer is a clinical symptom characterized by inflammation of the gastric mucosa. Stress and alcohol consumption have been identified as the major cause of gastric ulcer. However, the effects of silkworms on ethanol-induced gastric ulcer have not been studied yet. The mature silkworms that are difficult to eat have become easier to ingest due to recent technological development to make steaming and freeze-drying mature silkworm larval powder (SMSP). In this study, we investigated whether three silkworm varieties, Baekokjam, Golden-silk and Yeonnokjam could alleviate ethanol-induced gastric mucosal damage in vivo. Sprague-Dawley rats pretreated with 3 SMSPs (0.1 or 1 g/kg BW) or normal diet (AIN-76A) were exposed to absolute ethanol (3 g/kg BW, 3 h) by oral gavage. Morphological examination included ulcer index as a measurement of hemorrhages and hematoxylin and eosin staining was performed to analyze the severity of gastric ulcer. Results of macroscopic examination suggested that all 3 SMSPs pretreatment significantly protected gastric mucosa against ethanol-induced damage. Microscopic observations demonstrated significant mucosal erosion and inflammation in ethanol-treated rats, which was abrogated in rats pretreated with 3 SMSPs. In addition, pretreatment with all 3 SMSPs showed significant decreases the expression of pro-inflammatory mediators, IL-6 and cyclooxygenase-2. Among SMSP from 3 varieties of silkworm, preadministration of 1 g/kg Baekokjam SMSP showed the most effective protective effect against ethanol-induced gastric ulcer. These results suggest that Baekokjam SMSP can be a potential gastroprotective agent against ethanol-induced gastric ulcer.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.23 no.6
• /
• pp.1001-1007
• /
• 1994

In order to develop a natural food preservative, dried salviae miltiorrhizae radix (Salvia miltiorrhiza) was extracted with several solvents, and then antimicrobial activity was investigated. The optimum extracting condition for the antimicrobial sustance from the sample, minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the extracted substance against microorganisms were also examined. Antimicrobial activity of the initial ethanol extract from the sample was the strongest compared to those of other solvent extracts such as n-hexane, acetone, butanol, methanol and water. the optimum extractingcondition for antimicrobial substance from the sample was shaking extraction for 2 hours at room temperature incase that 10 volumes of absolute ethanol was added to crushed Saliva Miltiorrhiza. The ethanol extract had strong growth inhibition activity against Gram-positive Bacteria (MIC, 3.13-50$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml) such as B. cereus, B, subtilis, L. minocytogenes, S. aureus, Sc. Mutans. Among Grampositive bacteria tested, Bacillus species was the most susceptibile to the extracted substance. The antimicrobial activity of the ethanol extract from the sample was weak to Gram -negative bacteria yeasts, for example MIC for Gram-negative bacteria and yeasts was 0.8mg/ml and 0.4-0.8mg/ml , respectively.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
• /
• v.10 no.3
• /
• pp.139-145
• /
• 1995

In order to develop a natural food preservative, the root bark of Morus alba was extracted with several solvents, and then antimicrobial activity was investigated. The optimum extracting condition for the antimicrobial substance from the sample, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the extracted substance against microorganisms were also examined. The antimicrobial activity of the ethanol extract form the sample was stronger than those of the extracts by the other solvents such as water, methanol. ethyl acetate and acetone. The optimum extracting condition for antimicrobial substance from the sample was shaking extraction twice for 5 hours at room temperature in case of 7 times of absolute ethanol added to the crushed root bark of Morus alba. The ethanol extract from the root bark of Morus alba had strong B. cereus, L. monocytogenes and S. aureus. Especially, Bacillus species was the most susceptible to the extracted substance. The ethanol extract showed antimicrobial activity against Gram negative bacteria(MIC, 160~1600 ug/ml) and yeasts(MIC, 1600 ug/ml) such as C. albicans and S. acidifaeciens. The extract also showed growth inhibition against molds such as A. niger, A. parasiticus, A versicolar and T. viride.

• Fire Science and Engineering
• /
• v.32 no.1
• /
• pp.1-6
• /
• 2018

The flash point is one of the most important parameters used to characterize the ignition and explosion hazards of liquids. Flash points were measured for several binary systems containing toluene, including {methanol+toluene}, {ethanol+toluene}, and {1-propanol+toluene}. Experiments were performed according to the standard test method using a SETA closed cup flash point tester. The measured flash points were compared with the predicted values calculated using the following $G^E$ models: Wilson, NRTL, and UNIQUAC. The average absolute deviation between the predicted and measured lower flash point was less than 1.69 K.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
• /
• v.46 no.4
• /
• pp.327-335
• /
• 2006

A stable and reliable Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection animal model would be necessary for evaluating vaccine efficacy and helpful for understanding the pathological mechanism of the organism. The aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of ethanol treatment prior to H. pylori inoculation on associated gastric mucosal injury and to establish ethanol-pretreating animal model to study H. pylori infection. Male Mongolian gerbils were used for the study. H. pylori was orally inoculated after 12 h fasting. 3 h prior to H. pylori inoculation, a group of gerbils was orally treated with absolute ethanol, 60% and 40% ethanol respectively. Another group of animals was treated either with H. pylori culture media alone or with different concentrations of ethanol plus culture media. Gerbils were killed 4 or 8 weeks after H. pylori inoculation. The colonization of H. pylori was confirmed by both histological examination and rapid urease test. Mucosal damage was evaluated grossly and histologically according to the criteria. The colonization of H. pylori and pathological changes in gastric mucosa of the animals were also observed. Although no significant change to the gastric mucose was observed in the animals treated either with H. pylori culture media alone or with different concentrations of ethanol plus culture media, persistent H. pylori infection was seen in the mucosa and mucosal leucocyte infiltration and severe epithelial damage was observed in the Helicobacter and ethanol + Helicobacter groups after 4 weeks. The gross and histological scores were higher in the ethanol + Helicobacter than in the Helicobacter alone group. As the results, ethanol-pretreatment with 60% concentration induced severe pathogenic changes by H. pylori infection in 5 weeks-old Mongolian gerbils. These results suggested that ethanol-pretreatment before H. pylori inoculation could increase the severity of gastric mucosal inflammation and enhance the colonization of H. pylori. The established ethanol-pretreating animal model would contribute to screen new drugs against H. pylori and be used as an useful tool for various animal experiments with H. pylori strains.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
• /
• v.34 no.1
• /
• pp.67-73
• /
• 2008

Interests in natural products have been gradually increasing as well-being era has arrived. Panax ginseng was chosen since it represents Korean traditional medicine as its effect on many age-related symptoms. Panax ginseng absolute essential oil was prepared and analyzed for its main components. Ginseng absolute oil was extracted from Panax ginseng using organic solvent of hexane and ethanol with the yield of 0.146%. The oil was analyzed by GC-MS and main components are sesquiterpenes such as neoclovene, panasinsene, and calarene and more than 110 components were identified from it. The oil was tested for antibacterial activity against general bacteria(E. Coli, S. aureus and P. aeruginosa), yeast, acne germ(Propionibacterium acne) and dandruff germ(Pityrosporum ovale). Panox ginseng absolute essential oil showed the prominent antibacterial activity against Propionibacterium acnes ACCC 6919.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
• /
• v.48 no.2
• /
• pp.135-140
• /
• 2004

For the development of new COX-2 inhibitors, 1,5-diarylhydantoins 5a∼5c and 1,5-diaryl-2-thiohydantoin 6a∼6c were synthesized from commercially available phenylacetic acids through esterification, bromination, C-N bond formation and cyclization. Esters 2a∼c were efficiently synthesized from the starting materials 1a∼c by refluxing in absolute methanol for 3 hours with catalytic concentrated sulfuric acid. Bromination of 2a∼c was carried out with use of N-bomosuccinimide at rt in dichloromethane. The bromine of 3a∼c was substituted with aniline in ethanol or N,N-dimethylformamide to provide 4a∼c. Hydantoins and 2-thiohydantoins were synthesized from 4a∼c by treatment of potassium isocyanate or potassium thiocyanate in dil-ethanol with triethylamine.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
• /
• v.47 no.5
• /
• pp.276-282
• /
• 2003

For the development of new synthetic method for unnatural amino acid esters, N-aryl phenylglycine Ο-alkyl esters 4a∼i were synthesized through esterification, bromination, C-N bond formation from commercially available phenylacetic acids. An efficient and practical reaction condition for esters 2a∼c was that the starting materials 1a∼c were refluxed in absolute methanol for 3 hours with catalytic concentrated hydrosulfuric acid. In addition, bromines 3a∼c were formated for 3h in dichloromethane at rt with N-bromosuccinimide. Bromines 3a∼c were also converted to 4a∼i through substitution of arylamines during refluxing for 24 hours in ethanol with triethylamine. Interestingly, ethyl esters 5a∼c were formed via transesterification reaction when the p-sulfamylanilino group was used as a nucleophile in ethanol solvent.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
• /
• v.24 no.4
• /
• pp.313-318
• /
• 1993

The methanol extract of Taraxaci Herba was found to have inhibitory effect on the gastric lesion induced by HCl-ethanol. The systematic fractionation of the methanol extract resulted in positive action with water fraction in the gastric lesion. It also showed significant inhibition of gastric lesion induced by HCl-aspirin and absolute ethanol, but did not prevent indomethacin induced gastric lesion. This fraction did not affect basal gastric acid secretion but showed a decrease of pepsin activity in pylorus-ligated rats.