• Journal of Wellbeing Management and Applied Psychology
• /
• v.6 no.3
• /
• pp.13-18
• /
• 2023

Purpose: The small-scale environmental impact assessment has been in operation since its implementation in August 2000, and is a system that meets the purpose of sustainable development in consideration of the environment in areas requiring conservation. However, when preparing a small environmental impact assessment report, the contents of the reduction measures are too qualitative, or reports are prepared to simply list the compliance stipulated by individual laws, and the contents of consultations prepared by consultative agencies and review agencies are not much different. In addition, the direction of consultation on development projects for similar locations of the same project type is frequently changed by reflecting the subjective judgment of the consultative officer of the Ministry of Environment (Environment Agency). Therefore, this study attempted to improve the establishment of measures to reduce the existing simple listing of qualitative contents and the inconsistent presentation of review opinions by consultative agencies and review agencies. Research design, data and methodology: The research method extracted absolute evaluation items and relative evaluation items among small environmental impact assessment items, analyzed and presented detailed items, and prepared a distribution table for each section according to the details of the relative evaluation items, and presented them as a table. Results: This study was conducted to derive uniform results with objective indicators in the preparation and consultation process of a small-scale environmental impact assessment. Conclusions: Once a quantitative evaluation is established, the consultant can objectively determine and process the environmental impact.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
• /
• v.31 no.1
• /
• pp.1-6
• /
• 2016

Severity and frequency of industrial accidents are typically used to assess the "absolute" risk associated with the industrial machines and devices ("items") which are subject to safety certification or self-declaration of conformity. However, the "relative" risk associated with a particular item can further be assessed based on unit severity and unit frequency where the total number of item in use is taken into account. This study first attempts to estimate the total number of each item in use which was recently selected for safety certification or self-declaration of conformity. The appropriateness of such selection is recapitulated based on the relative risk involved. Analysis results indicate that depending on items, the relative risk is differentiated from the absolute risk. Recent selection of items for safety certification or self-declaration of conformity is then revisited for its validity. The relative risk based on unit severity and unit frequency of industrial accidents, together with the absolute risk, may be used to further categorize items for safety certification or self-declaration of conformity in the future.

• Journal of Wellbeing Management and Applied Psychology
• /
• v.7 no.3
• /
• pp.73-95
• /
• 2024

Purpose: Since August 2000, the small-scale environmental impact assessment system has prevented indiscriminate development. However, its qualitative reports lack objectivity and consistency. This study analyzes these issues through literature and expert surveys and proposes improvements. Research Methodology: Samples were selected based on regional consultation numbers. Mitigation measures were categorized into qualitative and quantitative factors. Issues were identified, and improvements suggested. The Delphi method helped select evaluation items and propose a scoring table. Results and Conclusions: The Delphi method selected 14 absolute and 22 relative evaluation items, excluding 3 invalid ones. A 100-point scoring table was created, with points assigned based on element significance. A 1-point bonus was added for top-scoring elements to promote eco-friendly planning.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
• /
• v.21 no.1
• /
• pp.13-30
• /
• 2018

In terms of environmental friendly land use and objective environmental assessment, legislative assessment items of Environmental Conservation Value Assessment Map (ECVAM) consists of designated areas related to conservation and protection, and areas that are planned to be designated in the future. However, the gap with the reality due to omission of several protection areas and land use regulations, and assessment grades according to 3 division land use map of forest, agricultural land, and urbanized area, results in low application and utilization of ECVAM. Therefore in this study, the legislative assessment of the ECVAM was performed with new assessment items and its new ratings, to suggest an improvement in legislative assessment items of the ECVAM. As a result, legally protected areas of inhabited islands under absolute conservation, special wildlife protection districts, protected marine areas, environmental preservation sea areas, scenic spots, forest protection zone, traditional temple preservation zone, and 45 zone or district related to regulation of land use were additionally designated as new legislative assessment items. New grade ratings were given to each additional assessment items in consideration of the restrictions on acts. As a result of the legislative assessment based on the new assessment items and new grades, the 1st grade area increased by 3.47%, and the 2nd grade area increased by 19.35%. The 3rd grade area decreased by 8.54%, the 4th grade area increased by 2.95%, and 5th grade increased by 2.91%. In addition, the out-of-grade area decreased by 20.14%, considered to be a realistic assessment based on land use. With the improved legislative assessment, it is possible to provide a more accurate environmental assessment map. Increase usage of ECVAM is expected in providing regulations of land use and base data for integrated land management of land environmental planning.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
• /
• v.13 no.4
• /
• pp.323-332
• /
• 2019

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to analyze specific foods influencing absolute nutrient intake and between-person variations of nutrient intake among Korean preschoolers. SUBJECTS/METHODS: This study included 2,766 participants aged 1-5 years in the 2009-2013 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys. Dietary data were obtained from a 24-h dietary recall method. Major food sources of absolute nutrient intake were evaluated based on percent contribution of each food. To assess the contribution of specific foods to between-person variations in nutrient intake, stepwise multiple regressions were performed and cumulative $R^2$ was used. RESULTS: White rice and milk were main food sources of energy, protein, carbohydrate, phosphorus, iron, potassium, thiamin, riboflavin, and niacin. The percentage of fat contributed by milk was 21.3% which was the highest, followed by pork, soybean oil, and egg. White rice accounted for 25% and 40% of total variability in total energy and carbohydrate intakes, respectively. About 39% of variation in calcium intake was explained by milk while 40% of variation in phosphorous intake was explained by cheese. The top 10 foods contributing to between-person variations in nutrient intakes were similar with food items that mainly contributed to absolute nutrient intakes. The number of foods explaining 90% of absolute amounts of nutrient intakes varied from 28 for vitamin A to 80 for iron. CONCLUSIONS: This study identified specific foods that contributed to absolute nutrient intakes and between-person variations in nutrient intakes among Korean preschoolers. Our findings can be used to develop dietary assessment tools and establish food-based dietary guidelines for young children.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.33 no.8
• /
• pp.882-889
• /
• 2000

This study was conducted to examine contribution of specific foods to absolute intake and between-person variation in nutrients consumed by 2037 adults living in Korean rural area using one day 24-hour recall method. To measure contribution of food to absolute nutrient intake, all foods consumed were ranked by percentages calculated as the sum of the nutrient intake contributed by a given food divided by the total nutrient intake from al categories. To assess between-person variability in nutrient intake, stepwise multiple regression analysis was used with total nutrient intake from al foods as the dependent variable and the nutrient amount from each of all foods as independent variables. The kind and the number of foods necessary to account for the variation in nutrient intake among persons varied significantly depending on the nutrient. The nutrients contributing more than 80% of total intake with a few number of food items were ${\beta}$-carotene(ll), vitamin C(15) and vitamin A(16). Foods sometimes overlooked as important sources were found in some instances to be quantitatively important to population intake. Even though rice and Korean cabbage kimchi do not contain much nutrients in quantity, they made a major contribution to most nutrient intake of subjects because of large serving size and high frequency of intake. The food items and contributing order for between person variance was different from those of absolute intake. A large fraction of the variability of nutrient intake in this population was explained by a small number of foods. Fewer foods were required to explain a given proportion of the between-person variance in intake than to account for the same proportion of the popylation\`s total intake. These data may be useful in the development of dietary assessment instrument and in nutrition education. (Korean J Nutrition 33(8) : 882-889, 2000)

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
• /
• v.18 no.2
• /
• pp.194-207
• /
• 2006

The purpose of this study was to examine the current student assessment plan of subject domain and to propose ways to improve it. This study analyzed the history of our student assessment plan of subject domain and overviewed the student assessment cases of several countries. And then researchers discussed the improvement plans of student assessment of subject domain. The results of this study are as follows. First, we need to enlarge the use of detailed subject-ability record space or to assess student's subject-related ability according to subordinate perspectives of subject. Second, we need to establish the desirable evaluation-perspective and to develop absolute evaluation criteria of each subject and unit. Third, we need to diffentiate the scores of differentiated test items or equate the scores of differentiated groups.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
• /
• v.9 no.3
• /
• pp.26-38
• /
• 2006

For both a healthy environment and sustainable development, we frame a habitat assessment method, concerning biodiversity and physical characteristics. With the method, we set up and extract conservation areas from Peace Valley Resort Development Areas which can function as habitats. Absolute and relative assessment items which are the size of area, habitation of species with conservation value, distribution of communities, functions of habitats, ratio of non-native plants, connectivity of habitats, vegetation layers of forests and age of forests, and water systems are considered on newly extracted conservation areas, and the habitat value assessment was calculated on the items in a 3-point scale. By comparing and examining 3 existing proposals for extracted conservation areas, we assess existing proposals, make an alternative proposal, and try to verify the possibility of applicability to extracted conservation areas. Proposal A and C must not be adopted since almost all conservation areas would be developed in the proposals. Proposal B, consisting of 53% development areas and 47% non-development areas, does not have enough development areas, so high density building arrangements should be encouraged in order to preserve conservation areas. Therefore, proposal B would be the best in ecological terms among the 3 proposals, if 3 conditions are considered : 1) new extracted conservation areas should be conserved; 2) 10~15m wide green-zones on both sides of the water system, which can play a role as ecological corridors, should be considered in development areas; 3) building arrangement should not interrupt the ecological corridors.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
• /
• v.33 no.4 s.111
• /
• pp.108-118
• /
• 2005

While the recent lift of restrictions in greenbelt areas is expected to generate a number of development plans, there are efforts to create various development plans into spatial plans that consider the natural and ecological conditions of development sites. However, these development plans consider Degree of Green Naturality or Degree of Ecology only when designating areas for conservation within development sites. It is true that they don't fully reflect the value of green areas and wetlands as habitats and natural resources. Therefore, this study built an conservation value assessment model that is applicable to sites where development is planned in Korea by reviewing prior case examples md studies and applied the developed model to a case study area. The site where the conservation value assessment model was applied to is an area around Yongsan-ri and Suha-ri, Doam-myon, Pyeongchang-gun, Gangwon province where quality natural resources are located in and wend the site. This is a site for the development of Alpensia Resort where a resort including facilities for the Winter Olympics is planned to be introduced. In order to assess the conservation value of the site for Alpensia Resort, a total of eight items including area, distribution of communities, habitation of species with conservation value, functions of habitats, connectivity of habitats, vegetation layers of forests, age of forests, and ratio of non-native plants were studied through literature review and field surveys. The assessment was made by dividing the site into 95 habitats that are perceived by aerial photographs and each habitat unit was assessed on the eight items in a 3-point scale. Each unit habitat assessed in a 3-point scale was segmented into primary, secondary or tertiary areas based on the conservation value. Habitats assessed as primary were designated as priority (absolute) conservation areas and those assessed as secondary and tertiary were set as secondary conservation areas and tertiary conservation areas, respectively. As a result, each area represented 26.9%, 20% and 3% of total site area. Based on this result, habitat management plans were developed to conserve primary conservation areas, improve secondary conservation areas and restore tertiary conservation areas. In addition, a development plan was developed to create habitats in areas where new habitats are requested in order to build an eco-network in the site and a plan to create eco-corridors was proposed. In developing a land use plan for the site, a development plan that considers conservation areas first should be set up based on the outcome of conservation value assessment. This can be linked to the development of an environment-friendly land use plan as well as easing the establishment of a green area and eco-network. This study will facilitate the implementation of the 'conservation before development' principle, which can prevent reckless development, by assessing conservation value in setting up development plans.

• KIEAE Journal
• /
• v.17 no.2
• /
• pp.45-51
• /
• 2017

Purpose: Housing is the most essential element for well-being in a society. The government would continuously supply decent housings to make a better living condition for people. As various housing policies have been implemented into practice, the effectiveness of policies need to be assessed and improved to rearrange the financial resources. The indicators, such as quality of life, housing supply amount and etc, could be used to estimate housing policy to provide a guidance for a new policy direction. Though various indicators are utilized to assess the policy effect, most of the items are depend upon a relativeness in aspect to assessment goal, items, time and its weighting. Therefore, it needs an absolute indicator to compare the policy effectiveness regardless of time elapse or items. In this paper, it developed the housing welfare indicator to assess the level of living condition, utilizing the Gini coefficient which is used for explanation on income distribution. Method: To suggest an inequity indicator, this paper used Gini coefficient to explain the level of living condition which is used on economics to provide the level of income distribution. Data are collected through the Korea Housing Survey by Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport between 2006 and 2014. Indicators of living condition focused on the development of the estimation model using the frequency of room use. Result: Gini coefficient between 2004 and 2014 is about 1.5 score except in year 2013, and the trend of score has been decreased slowly which means the inequality gradually improved. In this result, it implies the living condition and distribution level would be improved than before.