• 설비공학논문집
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• 제21권11호
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• pp.629-635
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• 2009

In this study, fin surface temperature and frost properties, i.e., frost thickness and frost surface temperature on a heat exchanger, were experimentally analyzed with different fin thicknesses, fin sizes and thermal conductivities of fin. As a result, it is found that fin thickness and thermal conductivity of fin should be considered in order to design an efficient heat exchanger fin. Correlations of dimensionless average frost properties were proposed as functions of dimensionless air temperature, dimensionless fin base temperature, dimensionless fin thickness, absolute air humidity, Reynolds number and Fourier number. The correlations predicted well the average frost thickness with a maximum error of 10.5% and frost surface temperature with a maximum difference of $0.89^{\circ}C$, respectively.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제14권7호
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• pp.607-616
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• 2002

This study has been conducted to evaluate the applicability of the control method in the dehumidification-integrated radiant floor cooling system in terms of stability of the room air temperature and the control variables through experiments. To do this, the relationship between the control variables in preventing floor surface condensation is first analyzed and the control method is predetermined through simulations. The results are as follows. First, it is necessary to determine the operation status of the dehumidification system according to the relationship between floor surface temperature and dew point temperature in the conditioned space. Second, outdoor reset with indoor temperature feedback control is better than on/off bang-bang control with respect to temperature stability in controlling the room air temperature and the possibility of energy savings. Finally, the humidity sensor can be located with the current thermostat in that there are small differences in absolute humidity in vertical distribution.

• 한국정보통신학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국해양정보통신학회 2011년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.448-451
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• 2011

SoC에서 칩 내부의 온도를 측정하기 위한 proportional-to-absolute-temperature (PTAT) 회로와 sensing 된 아날로그 신호를 디지털로 변환하기 위해 4-bit analog-to-digital converter (ADC)로 구성된 temperature sensor를 제안한다. CMOS 공정에서 vertical PNP 구조를 이용하여 PTAT 회로가 설계되었다. 온도변화에 둔감한 ADC를 구현하기 위해 아날로그 회로를 최소로 사용하는 successive approximation (SA) ADC가 이용되었다. 4-bit SA ADC는 capacitor DAC와 time-domain 비교기를 이용함으로 전력소모를 최소화하였다. 제안된 temperature sensor는 2.5V $0.25{\mu}m$ 1-poly 9-metal CMOS 공정을 이용하여 설계되었고, $50{\sim}150^{\circ}C$ 온도 범위에서 동작한다. Temperature sensor의 면적과 전력 소모는 각각 $130{\times}390\;um^2$과 868 uW이다.

• 한국정보기술학회 영문논문지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.59-67
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• 2018

The minimum power supply voltage of a typical bandgap current reference (BGCR) is limited by operating temperature and input common mode range (ICMR) of a feedback amplifier. A new BGCR using a bandgap voltage generator (BGVG) is proposed to minimize the effect of temperature, supply voltage, and process variation. The BGVG is designed with proportional to absolute temperature (PTAT) characteristic, and a feedback amplifier is designed with weak-inversion transistors for low voltage operation. It is verified with a $0.18-{\mu}m$ CMOS process with five corners for MOS transistors and three corners for BJTs. The proposed circuit is superior to other reported current references under temperature variation from $-40^{\circ}C$ to $120^{\circ}C$ and power supply variation from 1.2 V to 1.8 V. The total power consumption is $126{\mu}W$ under the conditions that the power supply voltage is 1.2 V, the output current is $10{\mu}A$, and the operating temperature is $20^{\circ}C$.

• 지구물리
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.11-21
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• 2004

The variation of geomagnetic field and absolute magnetic field at the geomagnetic observatory of King Sejong Station has been measured with 3-component ring core fluxgate magnetometer, proton magnetometer and D-I magnetometer. With data obtained from King Sejong Station during 2003, thediurnal and annual variations of geomagnetic field were researched and compared with those at other observatories. The deviation of daily variation of magnetic field in antarctica decreased gradually during winter season due to sun effect. The rates of componental annual variation of magnetic field at King Sejong Station were calculated using the least-square method under the assumption that the annual variation of magnetic field is linear. The rates are -55.93 nT/year in horizontal intensity, -0.87 min./year in declination, 58.30 nT/year in vertical intensity, and -69.85 nT/year in total intensity of magnetic field. A remarkable variation was caused by the magnetic storms occurred on 29~30 October, which were so powerful that the variation was observed in mid latitudes as well as high latitudes. The values of variation are generally 1500 2000 nT in Antarctica including King Sejong Station, 350 500 nT in East Asia. The measurement of absolute magnetic field shows that ring core fluxgate magnetometer has relatively large error range under cold temperature.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.77-87
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• 2021

In this study, a novel improved second order Radial Basis Function Neural Network based method with excellent scheduling capabilities is used for the dynamic prediction of short and long-term energy required applications. The effectiveness and the reliability of the algorithm are evaluated using training operations with New England-ISO database. The dynamic prediction algorithm is implemented in Matlab and the computation of mean absolute error and mean absolute percent error, and training time for the forecasted load, are determined. The results show the impact of temperature and other input parameters on the accuracy of solar Photovoltaic load forecasting. The mean absolute percent error is found to be between 1% to 3% and the training time is evaluated from 3s to 10s. The results are also compared with the previous studies, which show that this new method predicts short and long-term load better than sigmoidal neural network and bagged regression trees. The forecasted energy is found to be the nearest to the correct values as given by England ISO database, which shows that the method can be used reliably for short and long-term load forecasting of any electrical system.

• 조명전기설비학회논문지
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.104-111
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• 2002

본 논문에서는 EM(Expectation-Maximization) 알고리즘을 이용한 자동적인 퍼지 규칙생성과 적응 뉴로-퍼지 제어기(Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Controller)의 설계를 제안한다. EM 알고리즘은 가우시안 혼합모델(Gaussian Mixture Model)의 최대우도추정(Maximum Likelihood Estimate)을 위해 사용되어지며 본 논문에서는 규칙생성을 위해 클러스터 중심을 추정한다. 추정된 클러스터는 ANFIS(Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System)의 퍼지 규칙과 소속함수를 구축하는데 사용되어진다. 시뮬레이션으로 제안된 적응 뉴로-퍼지 제어기의 성능을 입증하기 위해 목욕물 온도 제어 시스템에 대해 다루고 기존 퍼지 제어기에 비해 적은 규칙의 수와 작은 값의 SAE(Sum of Absolute Error)으로 성능개선을 확인하였다.

• 비파괴검사학회지
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.215-220
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• 2015

최근 널리 사용되는 모든 비파괴검사 기술 중 적외선열화상 카메라는 점차 적용 범위를 확대하고 있다. 초음파적외선 열화상은 절대온도 0 K 이상의 모든 물체가 방출하는 적외선 에너지를 검출하여 검사자가 볼 수 있는 화상으로 이미지를 만들어 검사하는 기술에 초음파를 접목하여 결함 부위만을 검출하는 방법으로 비접촉으로 넓은 범위를 빠른 시간에 검사할 수 있는 장점이 있는 기술이다. 본 연구에서는 고유주파수를 변화할 수 있는 터패놀-D 소재의 가변초음파 가진검사 방법을 이용하여 결함 검출의 적용가능성을 연구하였다.

• 대한한방체열의학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.1-5
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• 2004

This study examined the relationship between aminotransferase and DITI in the diagnosis of Liver Qi stagnation. An analysis was performed on the thermographic findings of 17 subjects with abnormally high aminotransferase value and 26 with no problem in blood sample at the Kangnam Korean Hospital, KyungHee University, Seoul, Korea, from March 2003 to May 2003. The body temperature was assessed by DITI thermographic measurements were performed on Rt. and Lt. subcostal area. Value of ${\delta}T$ and absolute value of ${\delta}T$ were tested by Mann-whitney U test. The absolute value of ${\delta}T$ was statistically significant(P<0.00). The ${\delta}T$ was also significant(P<0.01) and the temperature of Rt. area was higher than that of Lt. area. It is believed that DITI may be a favorable alternative to the diagnosis of Liver Qi stagnation.

• 한국기계기술학회지
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.739-744
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• 2018

In this study, effects of reducing white smoke at a heat exchange system for white smoke reduction were studied in the winter season. For this purpose, the heat transfer processes on the exhaust air were investigated by Solidworks. Five wave heat exchangers of air-to-air and air-to-water type were applied for the exhaust air heat recovery. The analytical condition of the exhaust air was fixed and the computational analysis was performed according to the change of SA(supply air) inlet velocities. In order to evaluate the performance of the heat exchange system for white smoke reduction, W(water)/SA recovered capacities and the temperature/absolute humidity reduction rate were calculated. As SA inlet velocity increased, the exit temperature and absolute humidity of the mixing zone were reduced by up to about $40^{\circ}C$ and 0.12kg/kg respectively. Also, W/SA recovered capacities increased linearly up to about 35%.