• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.117-126
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• 2004

Objects:It has been reported that the incidence of tardive dyskinesia(TD), the remarkable abnormal involuntary movement, was higher in the schizophrenics with high blood sugar levels and that TD had been improved by small amount of insulin-injection for 90 days. And also it was generally known that the blood lipids were higher in the schizophrenics with tardive dyskinesia. Thus, we tried to replicate the correlations of abnormal involuntary movements with blood sugar levels and blood lipids in chronic schizophrenics treated with antipsychotics. Methods:Thirty-eight male schizophrenic inpatients who were stable in clinical state with medications, were included. The patients who had been already diagnosed as diabetes mellitus(DM), organic brain disorder, substance- related disorder, physical illness were excluded and also we excluded female patients to remove the hormonal effect on TD. Eleven patients who ranked higher(above five) in the Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale(AIMS) were assigned into 2 groups, a dibenese group and a placebo group. Diabinese or placebos were administrated for 3 weeks with antipsychotics and AIMS was rechecked. Results:There were no correlations between the total AIMS scores and blood sugar and lipids levels in all subjects. The means of total and subscale scores(objective, face, and extremity) of AIMS did not reveal statistical significances between diabinese and placebo groups. However(total, jaw, face, upper arm, and objective feeling), were statistically higher in the diabinese group than those in the placebo group. And correlations of total cholesterol(TC) with fast blood sugar(FBS), weight with body mass index(BMI) and waist, total glycerol (TG) with BMI were statistically significant. Conclusion:In this study, there were statistical significances in the changes in ratings of AIMS scores between the diabinese group and the placebo group. Application of oral hypoglycemic agent might be a way of improving abnormal involuntary movements in schizophrenics with abnormal involuntary movements or TD. Althogugh it was not certain that there were correlations of abnormal involuntary movement with blood sugar and lipids, correlations of TC/TG with AIMS, of FBS with AIMS cautiously suggest that the regular check of $HbA_1C$, waist, and weight are recommended for schizophrenics.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.237-247
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• 2009

Objectives : Tremor is increasing recently especially among senior citizens. In this case, the patient who had mandibular tremor caused by trauma, was not improved by western medicine. We tried to apply Oriental medical treatment. Methods : We treated the patient with acupuncture therapy and herbal medication and measured the frequency of the tremor, Jaw expression of Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale(AIMS) and Visual analog scale. Results: After treatment symptom of mandibular tremor was decreased significantly and other symptoms such as insomnia disappeared. Conclusions : During the admission days symptoms are decreased in contentment. This result suggests that Oriental medical treatment has good effect on tremor.

• Korean Journal of Oriental Medicine
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.215-228
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• 1997

Extrapyramidal movement disorders are divided descriptively into hypokinesias(such as parkinsonism), characterized by poverty and slowness of movement : hyperkinesias(such as chorea, athetosis, dystonia, ballism, etc.), manifested by abnormal involuntary movement. Chorea refers to widespread arrythythmic movements of a forcible, rapid, jerky, restless type Choreic movements are noted for their irregularity and variability. They are generally continuous, may be simple or quite elaborate, and affect any part of the body. Dystonla refers to abnormally increased muscular tone that causes fixed abnormal postures. Some patients with dystonia also have shifting postures, resulting from irregular, forceful twisting movement that affect trunk and produce bizarre, grotesque movements and positions of the body. The most frequent and familiar type of focal dystonia is spasmodic torticollis. It consists of an involuntary turning of the head to one side - intermittent at first, then gradually worsening to the point of being more or loss continuous. The combination of blepharospasm and oromandibular dystonia is sometimes refered to as Meige's syndrome. We report two patients with dystonia and chorea in cerebral infarction at basal ganglia. We have experienced good improvement by the oriental medicine and acupuncture treatment.'rho acupuncture points of LI 4, ST 36, TE 3, GB 34, GB 41, LR 3, GB 39 were used. The therapies of herb-medicine were treated by Zibu-Ganshen(滋補肝腎), Huoxue-Xifeng-Tongluo(活血息風通絡).

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.150-155
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• 2023

Drug-induced dyskinesia is an involuntary muscle movement caused by various dopamine receptor-blocking drug exposure, such as antipsychotics, antidepressants, and antiemetics. Causative drug removal is the main treatment for drug-induced dyskinesia whenever possible because its pathophysiology lacks a universally accepted mechanism; however, the symptoms can persist for years or decades in many patients even after causative drug removal. Herein, we present a case of drug-induced dyskinesia in a 61-year-old female patient who consumed medication for approximately 10 years for her depression, anxiety, and insomnia. Cervical and facial dyskinesia was suggested to be related to perphenazine and levosulpiride administration. The patient received acupuncture, pharmacopuncture, herbal medicine, and chuna treatment for 81 days during hospitalization. The symptoms were evaluated using the Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale, Toronto Western Spasmodic Torticollis Rating Scale, Tsui's score, and Numeric Rating Scale, which revealed remarkable improvement, suggesting the effectiveness of combined Korean medicine for drug-induced dyskinesia.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.183-193
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• 2005

Objectives : The purpose of this case is to report the improvement after the acupuncture therapy and herbal medicine about two patients with senile oro-facial dyskinesia. Methods : We treated the patient with acupuncture therapy and herbal medicine by evaluating facial, lips, jaw and tongue expression of AIMS(Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale) and clinical symptom progress. Results : We have recently experienced two cases of senile oro-facial dyskinesia. Two patients were improved significantly through the acupuncture therapy and herbal medicine, so we report it for the better treatment. Conclusion : Oro-facial dyskinesia is stereotyped movements, consisting of smacking and pursing of the lips, lateral deviation and protrusion of the tongue, and occasionally lateral deviation and protrusion of the jaw. Spontaneous oro-facial dyskinesias occur in the elderly and had been said to result from edentulousness. Oriental medical treatment for oro-facial dyskinesia resulted in satisfactory results by diminishing the symptoms progressively during the admission periods. More research of oro-facial dyskinesia is needed.

• Journal of International Academy of Physical Therapy Research
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.2140-2146
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• 2020

Background: Stroke patients exhibit arm global synkinesis (GS), involuntary movement due to muscle weakness and irregular muscle tension. But currently there are few studies examined the effects of GS on activates of daily living in stroke patients. Objectives: To investigate the effects the effects of task-oriented bilateral movements, which promote brain plasticity and are based on neurological theory, using the unaffected arm and the affected arm. Design: Quasi-randomized trial. Methods: Twenty stroke patients were randomly assigned to experimental group I (n=10) and experimental group II (n=10). Before the intervention, arm GS was measured using surface electromyography, and the Motor Activity Log evaluated the quantitative and qualitative uses of the affected arm in daily life. The same items were measured four weeks later. Results: The changes in the GS of the arm of experimental group I showed statistically significant differences only in bending motions (P<.05). Both groups showed statistically significant differences in the amount of use (AOU) and the quality of movement (QOM) scores (P<.01). Comparing the groups, statistically significant differences in GS appeared during bending motions (P<.05), and in the AOU (P<.01) and the QOM scores (P<.05). Conclusion: The intervention in GS reduced the abnormal muscle tension of the affected side by increasing the use of the ipsilateral motor pathway, indicating its effectiveness in improving upper limb functions with smooth contraction and relaxation of the muscles.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.329-331
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• 2020

Negative myoclonus (NM) is a shock-like jerky involuntary movement caused by a sudden, brief interruption of tonic muscle contraction. NM is observed in patients diagnosed with epilepsy, metabolic encephalopathy, and drug toxicity and in patients with brain lesions. A 55-year-old man presented with NM in both his arms and neck. He has taken medications containing tramadol at a dose of 80-140 mg/day for 5 days due to common cold. He had no history of seizures. Acute lesions were not observed during magnetic resonance imaging, and abnormal findings in his laboratory tests were not noted. His NM resolved completely after the discontinuation of tramadol and the oral administration of clonazepam. Our case report suggests that tramadol can cause NM in patients without seizure history or metabolic disorders, even within its therapeutic dose.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.421-427
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• 2009

Oromandibular dystonia is a focal neurological movement disorder characterized by involuntary sustained and often painful muscle contraction, usually producing repetitive movements or abnormal positions of the mouth, jaw and.or tongue. Patients suffering from oromandibular dystonia often experience difficulties in chewing, swallowing and speaking, resulting from the impairment of mandibular movements. At present there is no etiologic treatment for oromandibular dystonia, because the pathophysiology of primary and focal dystonia is still incompletely understood. Many treatments such as medication, behavioral therapy, surgery are suggested to decrease the involuntary movements. But these success rates are relatively low and they have a lot of complications. many studies suggested that chemodenervation with botulinum toxin is the most effective treatment for oromandibular dystonia. We reported the 2 cases which were treated oromandibular dystonia with botulinum toxin and reviewed the orofacial movement disorders(especially oromandibular dystonia) and botulinum toxin treatment for oromanfibular dystonia.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.50 no.7
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• pp.694-697
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• 2007

Paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia (PKD), previously referred to as movement-provoked seizures, is a rare neurological condition that is characterized by short duration dystonic or choreoathetotic movements precipitated by sudden movement, a change in position or hyperventilation. It can be difficult to distinguish this syndrome from seizures. We reported on three brothers in one family all of whom developed abnormal involuntary dystonic or choreoathetotic movement with a tingling or stiffness sensory aura. Evaluations of the patients included general physical examinations, endoclinologic, metabolic studies, chromosomal analysis, video electroencephalograms and brain MRI imaging. All of these studies were normal except for an arachnoid cyst found in one patient. All symptoms showed excellent response to oxcarbamazepine ($Trileptal^{(R)}$) or carbamazepine. Use of the video electroencephalogram can help differentiate familial PKD from seizures.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.131-138
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• 2016

Objectives: Chorea Hyperglycemia Basal Ganglia Syndrome(C-H-BG) is a syndrome with chorea-ballismus induced by hyperglycemia. This case study reports the clinical effect of Korean medicine treatment on C-H-BG. Methods: A 73-year-old male patient with left side chorea-ballismus visited Daejeon Korean Medicine Hospital. He had no diabetes mellitus(DM) history but the laboratory test result suggested nonketotic DM. We diagnosed him as C-H-BG and treated with herbal medicine, acupuncture and hyperglycemic medication. To evaluate chorea-ballismus, we checked Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale(AIMS) score everyday. Results: After 14 days of treatment, the chorea-ballismus improved and AIMS score decreased from 38 to 4. Gait disturbance caused by the symptom disappeared. Conclusions: We suggest that Korean medicine treatment can improve the symptom of C-G-BG.