• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2010.08a
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• pp.63-63
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• 2010

Using both experimental and theoretical approaches, we have investigated the adsorption properties of an organic molecule (HATCN), which is used in OLEDs as an efficient hole injection layer, on metal and inert surfaces. We have also studied the structural and electronic properties of such interfaces and the dependences on deposition thickness. We have observed different trends in work function changes with different surfaces. Our photoelectron spectroscopic measurements have revealed an abnormal phenomenon in HATCN on a metal (Cu) surface: the work function decreases at lower coverage (~monolayer) of HATCN on a metal (Cu) surface, but it increases back and becomes higher than that of a bare Cu surface at higher coverage. It has, on the contrary, been observed that the work function of graphene surface just increases as the HATCN coverage increases. Our first-principles density functional calculations has not only verified our experimental observations, but also disclosed the underlying mechanism of such abnormal and different work function behaviors. We have found that the change in work function results from mutual polarization induced by the geometrical deformation and the bond dipole formed at the interface due to the charge redistribution. At low coverage of HAT-CN on Cu substrate, the former reduces the work function significantly by pulling down the vacuum level, while the latter tends to push up the vacuum level resulting in the work function increase.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.132-137
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• 2017

Drone is currently used for wide application areas in our real life. Also it performs more important functions. We propose a method of drone operation system for the prevention of industrial disaster. In normal operation of drone system the drone monitors the industrial sites according to the planned flight path with acquiring the monitored images and send the image information to the server. The server analyzes and compares the images to DB information by calculating the similarity based on the threshold. Then the system decides whether the industrial sites has problems or not. If the abnormal condition is occurred, the drone change the flight path to abnormal flight path and keep monitoring the industrial sites with measuring the air status by sensors and sends all information to server system on the ground. If the emergency case is occurred, drone approaches the closest position of accident points and acquiring the all information and send them to server and 119 center.

• The Korean Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.189-198
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• 2018

A 31 years old female had been suffered from a bony swelling in right premolar region of the mandible for 12 years, recently grown rapidly. A fistula tract developed on the right anterior mandibular border, but the lesion was relatively asymptomatic. In the radiological examination, the tumor mass was irregularly mixed with radiolucent and radiopaque areas, forming multiple cystic spaces. Under the diagnosis of calcifying odontogenic cyst, the mandibular mass was resected and examined pathologically. After decalcification, the dissected tumor mass showed multiple small cystic spaces and calcifying fibrous tissue, mimicking calcifying odontogenic cyst or ameloblastoma. Histological observation showed many calcifying cementoid materials and ossifying trabeculae. The cystic spaces were turned out to be dilated vascular channels lined by endothelial cells, containing plasma fluid. However, the main lesion was diagnosed as cemento-ossifying fibroma (COF), and the atypical vascular channels were greatly dilated and gradually expanded the whole tumor mass. The present COF was examined through immunohistochemical (IHC) array, and investigated for tumor cell characteristics, exhibiting abnormal ossification and aneurysmal cystic changes. IHC array disclosed that the tumor cells grew progressively in the lack of apoptosis, and that they showed lower expression of RUNX2 than BMP-2, RANKL, and OPG, and increases of protein expression in $HIF-1{\alpha}$, VEGF-A, and CMG2. These data suggested that the reduced expression of RUNX2, osteoblast differentiation factor, be relevant to abnormal ossification of COF, and that the consistent expressions of angiogenesis factors be relevant to de novo angiogenesis in COF, subsequently resulted in aneurysmal cystic changes.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.26 no.12
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• pp.904-908
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• 2013

When an abnormal condition occurs due to a fault current at a consumer location where electricity is supplied through a high-capacity and high-$T_c$ superconducting(HTS) cable, the HTS cable would be damaged if there is no appropriate measure to protect it. Therefore, appropriate measures are needed to protect HTS cables. The fault-current-limiting HTS cable that was suggested in this study performs an ideal transport current function in normal operations and plays a role in limiting a fault current in abnormal operation (i.e., when a fault current is applied). It has a structure that facilitated its self-current-limiting ability through device change and reconfiguration in the existing HTS cable without extra switching equipment. To complete this structure, it is essential to investigate about the selection of the superconducting wire. Therefore, in this paper, HTS wire using two types of different stabilization layer is compared and examined the stability and current limiting properties under the existence of a fault current.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.93-100
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• 2011

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to observe the general distribution that was medicated with Cheonga-won. Methods : The 278 patients who were medicated with Cheonga-won more than two weeks in Cheonan oriental hospital, Daejeon university from December 2007 to December 2010 were observed. The other general oriental therapys were also carried out according to individual condition. The 278 patients were analyzed according to the distribution of sex, age, the period of medication, symptoms, the change of VAS score and T-score, side effects and abnormal reactions. Results : 1. Cheonga-won was mostly used for Shin-huh, which induces lower back pain, knee pain, vertigo, dysuria, tinnitus. 2. More patients in their fifties, sixties and seventies were prescribed with the medication than those in their thirties and forties. 3. After medication with Cheonga-won, there are tendency in reduce chronic pain. 4. After medication with Cheonga-won, there are tendency in increase BMD(bone mineral density). 5. There are no side effects and abnormal reaction cases that related with Cheonga-won. Conclusions : Cheonga-won was used in Shin-huh symptoms, and may be effective in reduce chronic pain, improve Shin-huh symptoms and increase BMD.

• Journal of Korea Society of Digital Industry and Information Management
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.49-57
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• 2017

IoT can be connected through a single network not only objects which can be connected to existing internet but also objects which has communication capability. This IoT environment will be a huge change to the existing communication paradigm. However, the big security problem must be solved in order to develop further IoT. Security mechanisms reflecting these characteristics should be applied because devices participating in the IoT have low processing ability and low power. In addition, devices which perform abnormal behaviors between objects should be also detected. Therefore, in this paper, we proposed D-IDS technique for efficient detection of malicious attack nodes between devices participating in the IoT. The proposed technique performs the central detection and distribution detection to improve the performance of attack detection. The central detection monitors the entire network traffic at the boundary router using SVM technique and detects abnormal behavior. And the distribution detection combines RSSI value and reliability of node and detects Sybil attack node. The performance of attack detection against malicious nodes is improved through the attack detection process. The superiority of the proposed technique can be verified by experiments.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.125-133
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to develop an engine oil quality monitoring system to warn the abnormal condition of engine oil. To do this, first of all, it is needed a personal controller development to measure the capacitance of a pre-developed engine oil deterioration detection sensor integrated with an oil filter. To measure the capacitance of engine oil in the sensor, it is used the way measuring the electric charging time in a capacitor by impressing DC volt. This method has merits on cost and signal stability. The measured capacitance is compensated by comparing with the one measured by an impedance analyzer. Also, using the dielectric constant gained by an impedance analyzer, the calculating equation of the dielectric constant of engine oil related with the currently developed sensor is decided. Then, the deterioration degree of engine oil is estimated according to the change rate of dielectric constant between green oil and used oil. Finally, using this dielectric constant information together with engine oil temperature and pressure, the currently developed engine oil quality monitoring system is to tell the abnormal state of engine oil.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.115-122
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• 1983

The author surveyed 2,082 schoolchildren (Male: 1,078, Female: 1,004) from 7 to 12 years old in "N" primary school in kwang Ju City, and studied on 304 schoolchildren (Male: 176, Female: 128) having maxillary median diastema. The results were as follows: 1. The prevalence of maxillary median diastema was 14.6%, and it showed the greater rate at the boys than at the girls and the highest rate at 8 years old in the both sexes. 2. The maxillary median diastema showed decreasing tendency with ageing. 3. The frenum distance in children without local factors showed no change and the divergent degree of maxillary median diastema showed decreasing tendency after the eruption of maxillary lateral incisors. 4. The rate of maxillary median diastema associated with local factors was 37.8% and it showed increasing tendency with ageing. 5. The prevalence of median diastema according to etiology was as follows; rotated tooth; 12.2%, supernumerary teeth; 10.9%, abnormal frenum; 9.5%, peg lateralis; 7.2%, open bite; 2.6%, abnormal pattern of interseptal alveolar bone; 2.6%, missing lateral incisor; 0.7%, tooth size discrepancy; 0.3%.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.320-327
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• 2006

This study was written in order to help understanding of listening diagnosis to vocal sound and speech. The purpose of listening diagnosis is that we know states of essence(精), Qi(氣) and spirit(神). Vocal sound and speech are made by Qi and spirit. Vocal sound originates from the center of the abdominal region(丹田) and comes out through vocal organs, for example lung, larynx, nose, tongue, tooth, lip and so on. Speech is expressed by vocal sound and spirit. They are controled by the Five Vital organs(五臟). Various changes of vocal sound and speech observe the rules of yinyang. For example, if we consider patient likes to say or not, we can diagnose heat and coldness of illness. If we consider he speaks loudly or quietly, we can diagnose weak and severe of illness. If we consider he speaks clearly or thick, we can diagnose inside and outside of illness. If we consider he speaks damp or dry, we can diagnose yin and yang of illness. If we consider change of voice, we can diagnose new and old illness. Symptoms of changes of five voices, five sounds, dumbness and huskiness are due to abnormal vocal sound, and symptoms of changes of mad talk, mumble, sleep talking and so on are due to abnormal speech.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.292-296
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• 2002

Soybean seeds were treated with blue, red and far-red lights for 0, 6, 12, and 24 hours during 24-hour imbibition before culture for 6 days. The soybean sprouts raised were classified by their hypocotyl lengths; normal (＞4cm), abnormal (＜4cm) and non-germination, and their lateral roots, hypocotyl diameters and component dry weights were measured. Red light treatment and dark imbibition reduced the abnormal soybean sprouts more than far-red and blue light treatments, meaning that the former treatments produced more commercial sprouts. The lateral roots were more formed in blue light and dark imbibition than the other light treatments, but were completely blocked by any light treatment lasted during the whole imbibition. Although any light quality treatment did not influence their primary root lengths, blue light one lengthened the hypocotyl more than the others treated during the imbibition, and far-red light enlarged its diameter. Despite this morphological change, component, total or economic yield was not significantly different among the light quality treatments during the imbibition.