• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.837-842
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• 1998

Rett syndrome is a progressive neurological disorder that occurs exclusively in females. The syndrome is characterized by regression of language, motor development, and stereotypic hand movement. Autistic behavior, breathing irregularities, gait dyspraxia, scoliosis, and seizure are also accompanied. The cause of Rett syndrome is unknown, however, it is believed that the X-chromosome might playa significant role in the development of the syndrome. Patients with this syndrome have unusual oral and/or digital habits such as abnormal chewing pattern, bruxism, hypersalivation, micrognathia, high vaulted palate, tongue protrusion with lower posture of tongue, hand biting, digit-hand sucking. Dentists who are aware of distinct manifestations of Rett syndrome will be able to aid in early diagnosis and treatment of the syndrome. Prior to dental treatment for a patient with the Rett syndrome under sedation or general anesthesia, one should assess the degree of hypersalivation, apnea, severity of autism, expected life span. Early recognition of the syndrome and also dental treatment with established strict preventive guidelines for patients with the Rett syndrome may obviate the necessity of sedation or general anesthesia. Two cases with the Rett syndome were reported. Both patients had most of the above mentioned typical manifestations of the syndrome. Dental treatment for the case 1(8-year-old) including caries control, stainless steel crown, sealant application was performed under general anesthesia. The case 2 could not be undergone the dental treatment due to poor general conditions.

• The Journal of Korea Assosiation for Disability and Oral Health
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.6-10
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• 2016

Esophageal atresia is the abnormal development of the esophagus that connects the mouth to the stomach. This birth defect results in the incomplete connection of the esophagus to the stomach causing an inability to swallow properly and breathing difficulties. Surgery is the only treatment for esophageal atresia. Patients undergone an esophageal reconstruction usually suffer from gastroesophageal reflex. A 5-year old boy with congenital esophageal atresia and Sciwitar syndrome visited Seoul National University Dental Hospital because generalized excessive loss of tooth structure. The patient had history of multiple operations for reconstruct esophagus. He had little food intake experience thought oral and had difficulty to swallowing. The patient was generalized severe erosive and decayed state. For patient, the dental procedure under general anesthesia was scheduled due to the multiple caries with erosion and poor cooperation. Under general anesthesia, pulpectomy and restoration as well as extraction was performed. Gastroesophageal reflex is potentially serious condition, with various extraesophageal adverse effects such as dental erosion. To prevent progression of dental caries, dietary counselling and oral hygiene instruction should be reinforced. Also, restorations to erosive teeth will maintain esthetics and function and preserve pulp vitality.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.244-252
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• 2014

Purpose : We proposed a multi-physiological signals based real-time intelligent triggering system(MITS) for Cardiac MRI. Induced noise of the system was analyzed. Materials and Methods: MITS makes cardiac MR imaging sequence synchronize to the cardiac motion using ECG, respiratory signal and second order derivative of $SPO_2$signal. Abnormal peaks due to arrhythmia or subject's motion are rejected using the average R-R intervals and R-peak values. Induced eddy currents by gradients switching in cardiac MR imaging are analyzed. The induced eddy currents were removed by hardware and software filters. Results: Cardiac MR images that synchronized to the cardiac and respiratory motion are acquired using MITS successfully without artifacts caused by induced eddy currents of gradient switching or subject's motion or arrhythmia. We showed that the second order derivative of the $SPO_2$ signal can be used as a complement to the ECG signals. Conclusion: The proposed system performs cardiac and respiratory gating with multi-physiological signals in real time. During the cardiac gating, induced noise caused by eddy currents is removed. False triggers due to subject's motion or arrhythmia are rejected. The cardiac MR imaging with free breathing is obtained using MITS.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.154-162
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• 1996

Purpose : Adenoviruses(Ad) have been shown to play an important role in the etiology of severely acute respiratory diseases, particulary in infants and young children, and the occurrence of fatal outcome and chronic pulmonary sequelae in association with adenoviral infection has been a cause of great interest and concern. This report presents the resul of a retrospective analysis on 30 cases of lower respiratory infection from which adenovirus was isolated. Patients & Methods : The 30 patients in this study represent all detected cases of adenovial infection out of 240 children who were admitted to Sang Sung Medical Center between February to June 1996 showing signs and symptoms of lower respiratory tract infection. The diagnosis of adenovirus infection was based on microscopic visualization of typical cytopathic effect in HEp-2 tissue culture and used monoclonal Ab with nasopharyngeal aspiration. Results : The male/female ratio was 2:1 and the majority of age range was below 36months. Clinical diagnoses in all 30 patients were pneumonia(n=21), bronchitis and Bronchiolitis(n=5) and ARDS(n=4). We recieved the most of patients in the month of May. The chief complaints were fever(93.3%) and cough(80%) and extrapulmonary symptoms were diarrhea(n=5), seizure(n=4), abdominal pain(n=1). The mean duration of fever was $11.95{\pm}6.54$days. Physical examination on admission were crackles(73.3%), coarse breathing sounds(60%), hepatosplenomegaly(33.3%), decreased brething sounds(30%). In WBC counts, 8cases were below $4000/mm^3$ and 14 cases were above $10,000/mm^3$. In platelets counts, 4cases were below $150,000/mm^3$ and 10 cases were above $450,000/mm^3$. 21 cases were above 1 in CRP. GOT and GPT were abnormal in some cases. Chest X-ray revealed diffuse pulmonary infiltration(n=15), pleural effusion(n=6), consolidation(n=4) and hyperaeration(n=3). Seven patients were treated at the peditric intensive care unit with respiratory support and high dose of gammaglobulin. However, one patients died even through he was treated with NO ventilation and high frequency ventilation. Conclusion : Those with adenoviral pneumonia and respiratory infection having long fever duration and symptoms like bacterial pneumonia must be carefully differentiated in order to provide proper treatement and preventive measures due to possible fatal outcome.

• KIPS Transactions on Computer and Communication Systems
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.85-92
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• 2023

Respiratory infections such as COVID-19 mainly occur within enclosed spaces. The presence or absence of abnormal symptoms of respiratory infectious diseases is judged through initial symptoms such as fever, cough, sneezing and difficulty breathing, and constant monitoring of these early symptoms is required. In this paper, image matching correction was performed for the RGB camera module and the thermal imaging camera module, and the temperature of the thermal imaging camera module for the measurement environment was calibrated using a blackbody. To detection the target recommended by the standard, a deep learning-based object recognition algorithm and the inner canthus recognition model were developed, and the model accuracy was derived by applying a dataset of 100 experimenters. Also, the error according to the measured distance was corrected through the object distance measurement using the Lidar module and the linear regression correction module. To measure the performance of the proposed model, an experimental environment consisting of a motor stage, an infrared thermography temperature screening system and a blackbody was established, and the error accuracy within 0.28℃ was shown as a result of temperature measurement according to a variable distance between 1m and 3.5 m.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.218-230
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• 1999

Background: Craniofacial anatomic abnormalities related to structural narrowing of the upper airway have been reported in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. In this study, we evaluated the craniofacial anatomic characteristics of Korean patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, and the role of cephalometric analysis in the prediction of abnormal breathing during sleep. Methods: Thirty-nine patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome(OSAS), 39 simple snorers(simple snorers) and 20 controls(control) had cephalometric analysis using the technique of Riley et al, and underwent standardized polysomnographic recordings. Different variables, including sex, body mass index, cephalometric and polysomnographic data, were statistically analyzed. Results: Pm-UPW and V-LPW distances were significantly shorter in OSAS when compared with simple snorers or control. PAS in simple snorers was shorter than in control. ANS-Gn distance in OSAS was significantly longer than in control. PNS-P distance in OSAS or simple snorers was significantly longer than in control. MP-H distance in OSAS was significantly longer than in simple snorers or control and MP-H distance in simple snorers was also longer than in control. NL/Pm-P angle in OSAS was lesser than in control. MP-H distance in OSAS or in the combined groups of OSAS and simple snorers was significantly correlated with apneahypopnea index(AHI). PNS-P distance in the combined groups of OSAS and simple snorers was correlated with AHI. In male of all subjects, body mass index was significantly correlated with PNS-P or MP-H distance. Conclusion: Cephalometric analysis can be useful tool in determining the craniofacial anatomic abnormalities in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Cephalometric parameters, especially MP-H distance, can be useful for predicting frequency of narrowing or obstruction of upper airway during sleep.