• 노동경제논집
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.51-81
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• 2012

본 연구는 저소득층의 4년제 대학진학을 제약하는 두 가지 요인, 즉 등록금 납부여력 부족과 불우한 성장환경의 누적적 영향에 따른 학업능력 부족 중 무엇의 영향이 더 큰지 살펴보았다. 희귀분석 결과, 중학교 시기의 학업성취와 몇몇 가정배경 변수들은 유의한 반면, 이들 변인 통제 시 대학진학 시기의 가구소득은 4년제 대학 진학에 거의 영향을 주지 못했다. 또한 Carneiro and Heckman(2003)이 미국 고등교육 격차 원인규명을 위해 수행한 분석을 한국 상황에 적용해 본 결과, 학업능력 및 가정배경의 격차로 4년제대에 진학하지 못하는 비율이 등록금 납부가 어려워 진학하지 못하는 비율을 크게 능가했다. 이는 등록금 인하와 같은 단기적 제약요인의 완화만으로는 대입격차문제 해결이 힘듦을 시사한다.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.573-585
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• 2021

The banking sector is one of the most important sectors in Pakistan's struggling economy. Recent studies have recommended that suitable methods can be applied to predict bankruptcy. In this context, this work analyzes Pakistan's banking sector's financial status through the five-factor Altman Z-score model, which determines the probability of bankruptcy for an organization. Banking data has been collected through the Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX) in the period 2013-2017. The Z-score assessment criteria is defined as: Z> 2.99 - "safe" zone; Z> 1.8 Z>2.98- "grey" zone; and Z <1.8 - "distress" zone. Results show good predictions for the local banking industry, while most foreign Pakistani banks were found bankrupt with the Z-score below 1.1. One of the financial risks investors face when investing in any company is the risk of bankruptcy. One of the most used models for predicting financial distress for any company is Altman's Z-score model. On the other hand, the Z-score analysis suggests that all banking establishments are not bankrupt because they have sufficient ability to control bankruptcy. At the same time, foreign banks failed financially and would not be able to be sustained in the future because they do not have the ability to pay the short-term and long-term debt.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제7권9호
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• pp.329-340
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• 2020

This study investigates the effect of capital structure on the financial performance of pharmaceutical enterprises which are listing on Vietnam's stock market. The study builds the regression using ROE as dependent variable and four independent variables, including self-financing, financial leverage, long-term asset and debt to assets ratios. In addition, we use other variables as controlling ones, such as firm size, fixed asset rate and growth. We collect data for the period from 2015 to 2019 of all 30 pharmaceutical enterprises which are currently listing on Vietnam's stock market. The least square regression (OLS) is used to test the effect of capital structure to the firms' financial performance. The analysis results show that the financial leverage ratio (LR), long-term asset ratio (LAR) and debt-to-assets ratio (DR) have positive relationship with firm performance, meanwhile the self-financing (E/C) affects negatively to the return on equity (ROE). Upon the findings we suggest that the Vietnamese government should focus on stabilizing macro environment to create favorable environment for enterprises. And the pharmaceutical enterprises should build more reasonable capital structure with higher debt proportion than equity, diversifying loan mobilization channels such as issuing long-term bonds. Additionally, the firms should expand the scale appropriately to maintain development and ability to pay debts.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제43권10호
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• pp.125-139
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to provide basic information about the program space planning of skilled nursing facilities for the elderly in order to consider elderly health and diversity and to improve their rehabilitation ability. A mail survey was undertaken and 58 out of 78 facilities $(74.4\%)$ responded to the questionnaire. The answers of $56 (71.8\%)$ were used for analysis. The results of the study were as follows. Many programs, especially exercise, recreation, and facility events programs that require dynamic activity, were conducted in the lounge of the facilities because that area was wide with various equipments such as tables, sofas, and sound facilities, and did not require any huge movements of the elderly since it was very close to the elderly individual rooms. The art and human knowledge programs, managed with small groups, were peformed in separate program rooms or elderly individual room so that the elderly could pay attention to the programs. On the other hand, as for the design elements, the spaces for the art and human knowledge programs required good lightings and separate program rooms. The area of the spaces for the exercise, recreation and facility events programs was found to be the most problematic element, even though they were performed in the comparatively wide lounge. For future research, a field observation study is suggested to analyze the detail relations among the program spaces.

• 대한수학교육학회지:학교수학
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.331-346
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• 2002

This study has two purposes. One is to know that it is Possible to use portfolio in the elementary math class. The other is to make a useful method for using portfolio. We got the following conclusion through the study. Portfolio gave students an opportunity that they could review their mathematical thinking. But it couldn't work very well for the low-level students. They didn't pay attention to the class. So, careful prepa-ration and training were necessary for the portfolio material. And the portfolio material must be prepared by appropriate contents. Teacher had to do math class by considering students ability. The math class could be much better for motivation, teaching-learning activity impro-vement and communication tool by using portfolio material. There are several imple-mentation processes in preparation, execution and utilization of the class. 1) Preparation: Teacher must decide if it is appropriate for portfolio by analyzing the course and textbook and set a final goal. And then teacher has to select an appropriate item and make a schedule for the class. The portfolio material must contain valuable things from which students learn mathematics and use in their life. The student level, utilization purpose and contents are considered when one prepares portfolio material. 2) Execution: Students are supposed to understand about the portfolio very well. It is important for them to get the opportunity for reviewing through math class diary, their opinion, friends opinion and teachers opinion. 3) Utilization: Parents review ameliorates the communication among teacher, student and parents about learning activity.

• Journal of East Asia Management
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.1-31
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• 2024

Based on the perspective of consumers and the method of value engineering, this paper uses "CSR expectation deviate level" to measure corporate social responsibility, and discusses the influence of corporate social responsibility on financial performance and its action path. This paper collected the questionnaire survey data of 878 consumers and the panel data of 98 listed companies from 2009 to 2012. The empirical results show that: (1) Consumers pay more attention to products and services, charity, environmental protection and their responsibilities to employees, and less attention to their responsibilities to shareholders or creditors and partners; (2) Corporate social responsibility is negatively correlated with financial performance, and corporate marketing ability plays a moderating role in it. That is, the smaller the gap between the level of corporate social responsibility fulfilled by enterprises and consumers' expectations, the better the financial performance of enterprises, which also reminds enterprises that they need to rationally allocate corporate social responsibility resources and constantly cultivate their own marketing capabilities, so as to better meet the level of corporate social responsibility expected by consumers. The value engineering method quantifies consumers' value perception of corporate social responsibility, which has a certain practical guiding role. Of course, there are some limitations in this paper, and future research can further explore the potential impact mechanism.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제7권7호
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• pp.519-529
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• 2020

Livelihood capitals have a clear influence on livelihood development. As for the livelihood results, it has been pointed out in the analysis of the poor households that the ability of people to escape poverty depends especially on the access to livelihood capitals. This study aims to analyze the impacts of livelihood capital on poverty among mountain people who depend on forests through human capital, social capital, natural capital, physical capital and financial capital. This research employs the model of binary regression function. Independent variables x1, x2, …, xn are targets of livelihood strategy, vulnerability context, and livelihood capitals. These variables were selected to be included in the original model with dependent variable Y as poor and non-poor households. This study surveys households living in upland areas, near forests, and households of ethnic minorities. The results show that,out of the poor household rate, nearly 4% are newly-poor households or those falling back into poverty. Therefore, the government needs to pay more attention to this disadvantaged group and implements policies such as education and training policies, credit support policies, policies to support forest development, and payment for forest environmental services in the context of emerging countries like Vietnam.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.169-176
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• 2021

Maritime monitoring requirements have been beyond human operators capabilities due to the broadness of the coverage area and the variety of monitoring activities, e.g. illegal migration, or security threats by foreign warships. Abnormal vessel movement can be defined as an unreasonable movement deviation from the usual trajectory, speed, or other traffic parameters. Detection of the abnormal vessel movement requires the operators not only to pay short-term attention but also to have long-term trajectory trace ability. Recent advances in deep learning have shown the potential of deep learning techniques to discover hidden and more complex relations that often lie in low dimensional latent spaces. In this paper, we propose a deep autoencoder-based clustering model for automatic detection of vessel movement anomaly to assist monitoring operators to take actions on the vessel for more investigation. We first generate gridded trajectory images by mapping the raw vessel trajectories into two dimensional matrix. Based on the gridded image input, we test the proposed model along with the other deep autoencoder-based models for the abnormal trajectory data generated through rotation and speed variation from normal trajectories. We show that the proposed model improves detection accuracy for the generated abnormal trajectories compared to the other models.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제20권8호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2022

Purpose: Research on attracting foreign direct investment (FDI) plays an important role in helping provinces attract more FDI projects. However, with local competition, FDI enterprises also have to consider their investment. This study evaluates the provincial competitiveness to attract FDI in Thai Nguyen province, a province of Vietnam. In which provincial distribution of competitiveness is measured through nine indicators. Research design, data, and methodology: The study collects data (FDI and the provincial competitiveness index) from 2006 to 2020. The study uses Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) to text the impact of distribution of competitivenes on foreign direct investment. With time-series, the ARDL is suitable for data analysis. Results: The regression results indicate that the competition index of market entry and informal costs negatively impact attracting FDI into the province; The human resource training quality index has a positive effect on FDI. The results show that FDI enterprises pay much attention to business establishment procedures, hidden costs, and quality of human resources in the province. Conclusions: At the same time, in terms of practice, the results of this study, the authors also offer solutions to help improve the ability to attract FDI into Thai Nguyen province. The significant provincial competitiveness indicators should be taken into account for improvement first.

• 한국정보시스템학회지:정보시스템연구
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.171-188
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• 2017

Purpose This study investigates the effects of trust and distrust on intention to purchase in open market, based on the idea that trust and distrust can co-exist. Specifically, this study approached the effects of trust and distrust of the open market on the intention to purchase from a two-dimensional perspective, and examined trustworthiness as the antecedents of trust and distrust. Design/Methodology/Approach In this study, we conducted a questionnaire survey on consumers who have actually purchased a product from open markets in Korea for two months. As a result, 141 users are chosen for the sample. We apply PLS (Partial Least Squares) structural equation modeling (SEM) to verify our theoretical model using the software application SmartPLS 3.0. Findings First, trust in open market positively affects intention to purchase, whereas distrust in open market negatively affects intention to purchase. Second, the three antecedents of trust (i.e. three factors constituting trustworthiness such as ability, benevolence and integrity) affect trust in open market. Third, integrity negatively affects distrust in open market. Since integrity plays an important role in building both trust and distrust in open market, the operators of open market should pay attention to managing their integrity.