• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.9-20
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• 1994

To find out suitable indoor rearing tank shape and stocking density of the abalone Haliotis discus hannai, young abalones were reared in the square or ellipse shape tanks with various stocking densities and were fed dried sea mustard, Undaria Pinnatifida HARVEY for three years. There were no significant differences between the square rearing tank and the ellipse one in growth rate and survival rate. With regard to vertical design of rearing tanks with three floors, the significant differences were not found among culture floors. However, the growth and survival rates of young abalones from the running water system were significantly higher than those of the abalones from the circulating system (P< 0.05). For the stocking density experiment with 1,000, 1,500 and 2,000 individuals of 20 mm young abalone, there was no significant differences in growth and survival rates among these groups. However, in that of 200-400 individuals of 40 mm abalone and 100-300 individuals of 50 mm abalone, the lower stocking density of young abalone showed the higher growth and survival rates. The lower stocking density and the smaller size of young abalones showed the higher daily feeding rate and feed efficiency.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.37-52
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• 2020

The production of abalone seed has grown and been specialized since the 2000s with the growth of the abalone farming industry. Despite the increase in the production of abalone seeds, the sales volume of abalone seeds remained flat and competition among producers increased. This paper will analyze the management efficiency of abalone seed production fishery to diagnose the management status and improve the abalone seed production efficiency. In addition, this study is the result of the basic research on the abalone seed industry and it is meaningful to prepare a platform for further research since the management status survey and the management efficiency survey of abalone seed production fishery have not been conducted until now. The data on the farmed fish prices of abalone seeds were collected from surveys of sample fish as part of the fish seed observation project conducted by the Fisheries Outlook Center (FOC) of Korea Maritime and Fisheries Development Institute (KMI). Management efficiency analysis utilizes DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis) model. The DEA model was analyzed by classifying into CCR (Super-CCR), BCC, and SBM (Super-SBM) models according to the assumptions taking into account the characteristics of the industry. The slack considered in the SBM model was judged as possible decreases in input variables and increase in output variables. The average efficiency from the CCR model was analyzed to be 69%. The BCC model was classified into input and output orientations, and the average efficiency was 79% and 75%, respectively. There were seven production fisheries with an SE value of 1 or more, which remained unchanged in terms of size and could be benchmarked. The average efficiency of the SBM model was 59% for CRS and 66% for VRS. Under the VRS assumptions, the variable increase/decrease efficiency analysis shows that labor costs can be reduced by 37.3%, facility capacity by 18.8%, and operating costs by 8.5%. In order to improve management efficiency, Wando needs to reduce labor and management costs. In Jindo region, sales increase as well as labor cost reduction is urgent. In other regions, reduced facilities and increased sales are recommended.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.43 no.2
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• pp.67-77
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• 2012

Based on the survey on aquaculture management status in Nohwa-eup, Bogil-myeon, Wando-eup in Wando region, this study aimed to estimate productive efficiencies of abalone aquaculture production using a stochastic frontier approach (SFA) and to find out their determinants. In the analysis, a Cobb-Douglas production function with an inefficiency term that follows an halfnormal distribution was assumed for the estimation of productive efficiencies. Then, based on the outcomes of productive efficiencies, determinants of productive efficiency were investigated using a tobit regression model. Results showed that the average inefficiency was estimated to be 10% and the production size would be a statistically significant variable for the production. In addition, it was shown that the cage installing method would be an important factor affecting to the level of productive efficiency.

• Journal of Practical Agriculture & Fisheries Research
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.143-154
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• 2014

Settlement of artificially released abalone, Haliotis discus hannai at the marine farming area in Jeollanam-do in 2007 was very efficient by showing the recapture of 2.0-5.2 ind./m² and the survival rate of 60-67%. The growth of shell after 1 year was highest in Hwoenggando by 75.9 mm and the lowest in Hwasan by 64.6 mm. Our result especially showed that the effect of the stock recruitment was the most efficient when abalone was released. The shell growth of the released abalone was better when sea mustard (Undaria sp.) was provided as food (shell length was up to 23.9 mm) or predators were periodically removed (shell length was up to 23.8 mm) in order to enhance the effect of the artificial release than the control group. The recapture rate was also higher than the control. However due to the difficulty of managing the release areas, it will be more efficient to release the recruited stocks after considering various biological and ecological factors such as survey of suitable release areas, stock size, release density, and health of stocks.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.35-41
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• 1998

We investigated the optimal concentration of lidocaine and MS-222 (tricaine methanesulfonate) for the exfoliation and recovery of abalone, Haliotis discus hannai in different shell lengths, for the purpose of preventing the damage of shell and muscle. However, most anaesthetics applied at present have a strong toxic effect on abalone. MS-222 is the only anaesthetic which is approved for use in food fish by FDA, and lidocaine belongs to a group of anaesthetic which are used in human medicine. These chemicals were evaluated as anaesthetic for different shell size of abalone. The response varied for different shell size groups (shell length 1, 2 and 3 cm). In this study, we suggested the result that the exfoliation and recovery time by lidocaine and MS-222 in shell length 1 cm group were more shorter than in 3 cm group. In shell length 1 cm group, the optimal concentrations of lidocaine and MS-222 for anaesthetic were 200 ppm and 100 ppm, respectively. Lidocaine and MS-222 are preferable to other conventional abalone anaesthetics since these are cheap, safe and convenient to use.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.189-195
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• 2013

Experiments for net cage culture at sea were conducted in each $2.4{\times}2.4$ m in area and took the samples from four different densities: 150, 300, 450 and 600 per cross-sectional area ($m^2$) of shelter. The same stocking densities applied to indoor tank culture to investigate the growth and survival rate. The size of juvenile abalone sample was $36.14{\pm}2.28$ mm for net cage culture and $38.62{\pm}3.22$ mm or indoor tank. Feed such as raw brown sea mustard, raw kelp and dried kelp was sufficiently provided to the abalone. In net cage culture experiment, the growth of the spat of juvenile abalone was the fastest $60.53{\pm}5.75$ mm in the 150 abalone cage per square meter ($m^2$), followed by the 300 abalone cage at $54.01{\pm}5.17$ mm, 450 abalone cage at $51.48{\pm}5.37$ mm and 600 abalone cage at $51.09{\pm}4.96$ mm in order. In the meantime, in the indoor tank experiment, the 150 abalone indoor tank was the fastest $47.50{\pm}6.31$ mm per square meter, followed by the 300 abalone tank at $45.92{\pm}5.23$ mm, the 450 abalone tank at $44.24{\pm}5.59$ mm and the 600 abalone tank at $43.62{\pm}4.44$ mm in order. The survival rate was more than 97.9% in all the experiments, not showing a significant difference.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.77-87
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• 1994

The study was conducted to develop the suitable abalone's diets for the indoor tank culture. The young abalone Haliotis discus hannai Ino sized ca. 20, 30 and 40 nun in shell length were fed three different diets, dried sea mustard Undaria pinnatifida HARVEY (control), artificial diet and terrestrial plants e. g. Chinese cabbage and Perilla leaf for 2 years. The growth rate of abalones fed an artificial diet was slightly higher than that of abalones from the control. However, the growth rate of abalones from terrestrial plants was significantly lower than that of abalones fed a control or an artificial diet (P< 0.05). The daily feeding rate of young abalones from terrestrial plants was slightly higher than that of abalones from the control. While, that of abalones from an artificial diet was approximately $30\%$ of that of abalones from a control or a terrestrial plants diet. The feed efficiency of abalone from artificail diet was higher than that of abalones from a control or a terrestrial plants diet, and the smaller size of young abalone showed the higher the feed efficiency. The EFA index values ${{\sum}n9/(20:4n6+20:5n3+22:6n3}$ of the dried sea mustard and the artificial diet were 1.26 and 3.64, respectively. These values were favorable, but the value of terrestrial plant, Perilla leaf was 127.00 indicating poor EFA index for normal growth of abalone.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.103-108
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• 2008

To develop an optimal composite recipe for a functional abalone porridge including abalone viscera, this study investigated the effects of added viscera on the physical, textural and sensory characteristics of the porridge. Several kinds of abalone porridge were prepared with 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, or 5% of the viscera (w/w) and with round rice, half rice, or ground rice. pH of the porridge with half and ground rice decreased with increasing amounts of the viscera. TBARS value increased with increasing size of rice and increased with increasing amount of the viscera in the porridge with round and ground rice. Yellowness of the porridge increased significantly by the addition of the viscra. Among the four textural properties, consistency and firmness increased with increasing size of rice; in contrast, viscosity and cohesivness decreased with increasing size of rice. However, textural properties of the porridge were not significantly different by the addition of the viscera. In the sensory evaluation, sensory scores of the porridge with round and half rice were higher than with round rice for texture, taste and total. In conclusion, concerning overall sensory evaluation, round rice porridge with 2% viscera, half rice porridge with 3% viscera and ground rice porridge with 4% viscera showed the best results, implying that developing functional abalone porridge using the viscera may be worthy.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.245-250
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to evaluate quality of abalone porridge prepared with different sizes of rice and amounts of added water. pH of porridge was mostly stable from 6.3 to 6.8 but as more water was added, pH increased. Increase of added water resulted in higher TBARS value, but most of TBARS value was generally low, and there wasn't any significant difference. Lightness of the rice powder porridge was 53 to 59 and it was higher than that of round rice porridge. Redness tended to be high as rice size was bigger and less amount of water was added. Yellowness of round rice porridge and half rice porridge was higher than that of rice powder porridge. Also, yellowness of porridge had a tendency to decrease as amount of water was increased. Consistency, viscosity, and firmness was higher in round rice porridge and half rice porridge than in rice powder porridge, and increase in added water amount led to decrease of all textural properties. In the measurement of texture properties that is only present in rice grain, the hardness, gumminess, and chewiness of round rice grain porridge was significantly higher than that of half rice. In the sensory evaluation result, all sensory properties was significantly different (p<0.05) among the abalone porridges prepared with different rice sizes and added water. The viscosity, flavor, texture, and taste of half rice abalone porridge added 1000 mL water showed the highest sensory scores.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.51-69
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to construct an outlook model that is consistent with the "Fisheries Outlook" monthly published by the Fisheries Outlook Center of the Korea Maritime Institute(KMI). In particular, it was designed as a partial equilibrium model limited to abalone items, but a model was constructed with a dynamic ecological equation model(DEEM) system taking into account biological breeding and shipping time. The results of this study are significant in that they can be used as basic data for model development of various items in the future. In this study, due to the limitation of monthly data, the market equilibrium price was calculated by using the recursive model construction method to be calculated directly as an inverse demand. A model was built in the form of a structural equation model that can explain economic causality rather than a conventional time series analysis model. The research results and implications are as follows. As a result of the estimation of the amount of young seashells planting, it was estimated that the coefficient of the amount of young seashells planting from the previous year was estimated to be 0.82 so that there was no significant difference in the amount of young seashells planting this year and last year. It is also meant to be nurtured for a long time after aquaculture license and limited aquaculture area(edge style) and implantation. The economic factor, the coefficient of price from last year was estimated at 0.47. In the case of breeding quantity, it was estimated that the longer the breeding period, the larger the coefficient of breeding quantity in the previous period. It was analyzed that the impact of shipments on the breeding volume increased. In the case of shipments, the coefficient of production price was estimated unelastically. As the period of rearing increased, the estimation coefficient decreased. Such result indicates that the expected price, which is an economic factor variable and that had less influence on the intention to shipments. In addition, the elasticity of the breeding quantity was estimated more unelastically as the breeding period increased. This is also correlated with the relative coefficient size of the expected price. The abalone supply and demand forecast model developed in this study is significant in that it reduces the prediction error than the existing model using the ecological equation modeling system and the economic causal model. However, there are limitations in establishing a system of simultaneous equations that can be linked to production and consumption between industries and items. This is left as a future research project.