• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.1123-1130
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• 2018

A cat robot for the Autism Spectrum Disorders(ASD) treatment was designed and conducted field test. The designed robot had emotion expressing action through interaction by the touch, and performed a reasonable emotional expression based on Artificial Neural Network(ANN). However these operations were difficult to use in the various healing activities. In this paper, we describe a motion design that can be used in a variety of contexts and flexibly reaction with various kinds of situations. As a necessary element, the speech recognition system using the speech data collection method and ANN was suggested and the classification results were analyzed after experiment. This ANN will be improved through collecting various voice data to raise the accuracy in the future and checked the effectiveness through field test.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.97-107
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• 2006

This study is structural analysis and continuous, discrete optimum design of braced steel frame structures under earthquake loads considering soil condition. The program which is able to perform simultaneously structural analysis and continuous, discrete optimum design, it is applied steel frame structures using unbraced, Z-braced, and X-braced types and analyze the program about static loads and seismic loads. The purpose of this study is to present proper braced type for seismic effects by comparing and analyzing results of analytic method about various cases using specially Newmark-Hall design spectrum, ATC design spectrum and ATC equivalent static analysis and finding minimum weight and design variables which satisfy the ultimate strength requirements of AISC-ASD specifications, the serviceability requirements and allowable story drift requirements of ATC-3-06 and various constraints.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.187-192
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• 2003

Nowadays, It has adapted both Ultimate Strength Design(USD) and Allowable Stress Design(ASD) Method evaluating load-carrying capacity of PSC I Type Girder Bridge. But it has confused because the each method has brought some different results. This study shows some results of loading test of the PSC I type Girder Bridge and analyzed the structural behavior by FEM analysis considering material nonlinear. Parametric study of effective prestress of post tendon is performed and compared to results of loading test.

• Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.493-503
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• 2009

Bridge redundancy is defined as the capability of a bridge to sustain loads after one of its main members incurs damage. It is affected by many parameters, including the number of girders, span length, girder height, internal supports, and secondary members. The present AASHTO and Korean Bridge design codes, however, define bridge redundancy only as the number of girders, and neither the evaluation method nor the required level of redundancy is given. This study presented a redundancy evaluation method for plate girder bridges with severe fatigue damage based on the reliability method,by considering the essential parameters. A required level of redundancy was also proposed as a target system reliability index from the load capacity analysis and reliability analysis of the basis bridge designed by LRFD. Finally, the level of redundancy of simple and continuous plate girder bridges with a variable number of girders designed by ASD was evaluated and presented.

• Journal of the Korean Geosynthetics Society
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.151-161
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• 2017

A TSL (Thin Spray-on Liner) has a higher initial strength and faster construction time than conventional cementitious shotcrete. Because of its high adhesion and tensile strength, the TSL reinforced concrete show a characteristic like composite materials. In this study, to consider an application to the conventional design method, ASD (allowable stress design), numerical study was used. In the numerical analysis, material and contact properties were adopt from previous studies. Then a thickness of concrete in the tunnel was evaluated with the TSL reinforced case by the ASD concept. In other words, bending compressive stress, bending tensile stress and shearing force of the concrete were considered to determine a thickness of concrete lining by the given boundary conditions. From the numerical analysis, there was no tendency to show by the ASD because the ASD is based on the elastic theory while the TSL typically contributes to reinforcement after yielding.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.32 no.2B
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• pp.149-152
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• 2012

This study is carried out to analyze the design method and safety rate degree for IEC 61400-3, DNV-OS-J101, GL Wind, EUROCODE, AASHTO and domestic design standard used for offshore wind turbine foundation design. The findings will provide a design parameter for domestic offshore wind turbine foundation design. The design of the steel Support Structure of an offshore wind turbine can be based on either the Allowable Stress Design(ASD) approach or the Load and Resistance Factor Design(LRFD) approach. The design principles with the use of LRFD method are described with various limit states. A limit state is a condition beyond which a structure or part of a structure exceeds a specified design requirement. Design by the LRFD method is a design method by which the target component safety level is obtained by applying load and resistance factors to characteristic reference values of loads (load effects)and structural resistance. When the strength design of the steel Support Structure is based on the ASD approach, the design acceptance criteria are to be expressed in terms of appropriate basic allowable stresses in accordance with the requirements specified. After comparison an economics domestic offshore wind turbine foundation standard will be developed.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.79-90
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• 2006

Social deficits are the most critical and core deficits of the children with Autistic Spectrum Disorder(ASD) and they are qualitatively as well as qualitatively different from typically developing children. It is proposed that the attachment between the mother and the autistic child should be promoted foremost and early as possible, to improve social deficits, just like early social developments in normal children depend largely on interactions between the mother and the child who are attached to each other we have developed an interventional program, 'Attachment Promotion Therapy', largely based on the attachment theory. The Attachment promotion Therapy mandates the participation of both the mother and the autistic child, and consists of mutually enjoying play activities, close physical contacts and parental training on intense mother-child interactions, focusing on improving maternal sensitivity, responsiveness, and nurturing behaviors during their interactions. The program was found to be effective in improving attachment behaviors, attachment security and acquiring joint attention skills. Attachment Promotion Therapy is therefore proposed here as the important earliest intervention method for children with ASD and could become the base for many other educational and therapeutic interventions.

• Proceedings of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute Conference
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• 1998.04a
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• pp.262-271
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• 1998

Recent, more and more steel deck bridges are adopted for the design of long span bridges and the upgrading of existing concrete deck bridges, mainly because of reduced self weight, higher stiffness and efficient erection compared to concrete decks. The main objective of this study is to propose on formulation of the design optimizations to develop an optimal desist program required for optimum desist for orthotropic steel-deck bridges. The objective function of the optimization is formulated as a minimum initial cost design problem. The behavior and design constraints are formulated based on the ASD and LRFD criteria of the Korean Bridge Design Code(1996). The optimum design program developed in this study consists of two steps. In the first step the system optimization of the steel box girder bridges is carried out. And in the second step the program provided the optimum design of the orthotropic steel-deck with close ribs. In the optimal design program the analysis module for the deck optimization is based on the Pelican Esslinger method. The optimizer module of the program utilizes the ADS(Automated Desist Synthesis) routines using the optimization techniques fuor constrained optimization. From the results of real application examples, The cost effectiveness of optimum orthotropic steel-deck bridges designs based on both ASD and LRFD methods is investigated by comparing the results with those of conventional designs, and it may be concluded that the design developed in this study seems efficient and robust for the optimization of orthotropic steel-deck bridges

• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.440-456
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• 2009

Because PBD was started as a design tool for steel construction and concrete construction, it was able to applied to the post and beam method of wooden building constructions. But, it may not suitable to light frame wooden construction that is becoming popular in domestic construction market due to the economical efficiency and the constructive simplification. Owing to the share effects between member and sheathing material or among structural members, light frame wooden construction is different from post and beam construction that use a single structural member. Therefore, consideration on the system analysis and system design are urgently needed to use in actual life and inspect the reliability of structures from the system view. With this in mind, code conversion from ASD to PBD that is pressing issue in domestic wooden building construction was studied, also various countries status about PBD were considered and then approaching methods on the system reliability were referred. Finally, several considerations for the development of PBD were explored. PBD should be considered as, not only a new structural design process that select sizes of structural member, but a industrial tool that can lead a development of more reliable wood products. A strongest point of PBD is independent of various construction materials and construction types.

• Journal of International Society for Simulation Surgery
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.37-40
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• 2014

Purpose For living donor liver transplantation, liver segmentation is difficult due to the variability of its shape across patients and similarity of the density of neighbor organs such as heart, stomach, kidney, and spleen. In this paper, we propose an automatic segmentation of the liver using multi-planar anatomy and deformable surface model in portal phase of abdominal contrast-enhanced CT images. Method Our method is composed of four main steps. First, the optimal liver volume is extracted by positional information of pelvis and rib and by separating lungs and heart from CT images. Second, anisotropic diffusing filtering and adaptive thresholding are used to segment the initial liver volume. Third, morphological opening and connected component labeling are applied to multiple planes for removing neighbor organs. Finally, deformable surface model and probability summation map are performed to refine a posterior liver surface and missing left robe in previous step. Results All experimental datasets were acquired on ten living donors using a SIEMENS CT system. Each image had a matrix size of $512{\times}512$ pixels with in-plane resolutions ranging from 0.54 to 0.70 mm. The slice spacing was 2.0 mm and the number of images per scan ranged from 136 to 229. For accuracy evaluation, the average symmetric surface distance (ASD) and the volume overlap error (VE) between automatic segmentation and manual segmentation by two radiologists are calculated. The ASD was $0.26{\pm}0.12mm$ for manual1 versus automatic and $0.24{\pm}0.09mm$ for manual2 versus automatic while that of inter-radiologists was $0.23{\pm}0.05mm$. The VE was $0.86{\pm}0.45%$ for manual1 versus automatic and $0.73{\pm}0.33%$ for manaual2 versus automatic while that of inter-radiologist was $0.76{\pm}0.21%$. Conclusion Our method can be used for the liver volumetry for the pre-surgery planning of living donor liver transplantation.