• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.20 no.9
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• pp.23.1-23.9
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• 2017

Two distinct cDNAs encoding aquaporins (mmAQPs 1a and 3a) were isolated and characterized from mud loach Misgurnus mizolepis. The identified mud loach AQP cDNAs encode for polypeptides of 260 and 302 amino acids. Topology predictions confirmed six putative membrane-spanning domains connected by five loops and the N- and C-terminal domains being cytoplasmic. The mud loach AQPs 1a and 3a showed broad distribution in multiple tissues including immune-responsive tissues as well as osmoregulatory tissues. Hence, the diversity of AQP distribution and expression possibly indicated its differential functions in the regulation of fluid movement in response to environmental stimuli. The transcription of mmAQP genes was differentially modulated by immune challenges. In particular, the mmAQP3a expression level in the liver was more responsive to immune challenges than that of mmAQP1a. Taken together, fish stimulation or infection resulted in significant modulation of mud loach AQP genes, suggesting potential functional roles of these proteins in piscine pathophysiological process.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.2285-2294
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• 2014

Stoltz's AQP is a tool to estimate the level of adversity. The purpose of study is to test the reliability and validity of AQP. The participants were 297 nurses of tertiary hospital in Korea. Data were collected from Aug. to Oct. 2013. Resilience Scale was used as criterion of AQP. Cronbach's alpha test, item total correlation, exploratory factor, correlation analysis, and ANOVA test were used. In result, factor analysis was accounted for four factors explaining 56.256% of total variance and corresponding factors were factor 1 (Control, 10.7%), factor 2 (Ownership, 13.7%), factor 3(Reach, 17.4%), factor 4 (Endurance, 14.9%). The internal consistency was acceptable (Cronbach's alpha=.84). Four factors were positively correlated with RS. AQP is a reliable and valid instrument to measure for adversity quotient in Korean nurse.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.85-93
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• 2010

Objectives : This study aimed at evaluation of the effects of Gastrodiae Rhizoma on brain edema and aquaporin water channel expressions in the brain. Methods : Brain edema following intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) was induced by the stereotaxic intrastriatal injection of bacterial collagenase type VII in Sprague-Dawley rats. Then ethanol extract of Gastrodiae rhizoma was treated once a day for 3 days. Brain edema % and water contents, and cell size of neurons in the cerebral cortex were examined. Immuno-histochemistry was processed for AQP4, AQP1, and AQP9 expressions in the brain sections and area % of immuno-labeling was analyzed with image analysis. Results : 1. Ethanol extract of Gastrodiae Rhizoma reduced brain edema of ICH induced rats significantly. 2. Ethanol extract of Gastrodiae Rhizoma reduced excessive brain tissue water contents of ICH induced rats significantly. 3. Ethanol extract of Gastrodiae Rhizoma reduced cellular edema of neurons in cerebral cortex of ICH induced rats significantly. 4. Ethanol extract of Gastrodiae Rhizoma reduced AQP4 immuno-positive area % in cerebral cortex and external capsule of ICH induced rat brain significantly. 5. Ethanol extract of Gastrodiae Rhizoma reduced AQP9 immuno-positive area % in glia limitans externa of ICH induced rat brain significantly. Conclusions : These results suggest that Gastrodiae Rhizoma reveals protective effects against brain edema and cytotoxic edema of neurons by means of down-regulation of AQP4 expression in the brain.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.49-55
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• 2004

Aquaporins(AQPs) are a family of transmembrane water channel proteins that are widely distributed in various tissues throughout the body and play a major role in Oanscellular and Oansepithelial water movement. Uterine endometrium undergoes recurrent uterine stromal edema in response to hormonal stimuli, however, the mechanism regulating the fluid transport during the estrous cycle has not been fully understood. To investigate the possible role of AQPs in water movement in uterus during the estrous cycle, expression patterns of AQP -1, -3, -4, -5, -8, and -9 UMh in mouse uterus were analyzed by using semiquantitative reverse transcription- polymerase chain reaction(RT-nR). We employed a combination of laser capture microdissection(LCM) and RT-PCR to examine the expression patterns in specific uterine cell types luminal epithelial cells(LE) and stromal cells(S). Our results showed that the level of AQP-4 mRNA was significantly increased while the level of AQP-3 mRNA was significantly decreased during the proestous through the estrus stage. In addition LCM revealed that AQP-4 and -8 mRNAs were highly expressed in LE compared with S. Taken together, these results suggest that AQPs may have an important function in physiological changes of mouse uterus during the estrous cycle.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.119-131
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• 2004

연구 목적: 난소에서 분비되는 스테로이드 호르몬인 에스트로젠과 프로게스테론은 포유동물의 생식기관 발달과 정상적인 생식 기능, 수정과 배아의 착상에 중요한 역할을 한다. 특히 에스트로젠은 자궁내액을 내강으로 분비하여 자궁부종 기작에 중요한 역할을 한다. 자궁내액은 정자의 수정능력 획득과 착상전 배아의 발달에 매우 중요하다. Aquaporin (AQP)은 막관통 물수송 단백질로서 여러 조직에 넓게 분포되어 있으며, 세포간 또는 상피세포간 물의 이동에 중요한 역할을 한다. 본 연구에서는 생쥐 자궁에서 스테로이드 호르몬에 의해 조절되는 자궁내액의 이동에 AQP 유전자가 관여하는지를 알아보았다. 연구 재료 및 방법: 난소 절제술을 시행한 생쥐에 스테로이드 호르몬을 피하주사하고 6, 12, 24시간 간격으로 자궁조직을 적출하였다. 대조군은 sesame oil만을 주사한 후 6시간째에 수획한 자궁조직을 사용하였으며, 실험군은 시간대별과 스테로이드 처리별로 채취한 자궁조직에서 역전사중합효소반응을 수행하였다. 역전사중합효소반응을 통해 막관통 단백질인 AQP-4, -5, -8 mRNA의 발현양상을 살펴보았다. 또한 mRNA의 위치를 살펴보기 위해 laser microdissection을 이용하여 RT-PCR을 수행하였다. 마지막으로 자궁조직내에서의 단백질 발현 부위를 관찰하기 위해 면역조직화학염색을 실시하였다. 결 과: AQP-4, -5, -8 mRNA은 프로게스테론을 처리한 군보다 에스트로젠을 처리한 군에서 많이 발현되었으며, 에스트로젠을 주사한 지 6시간째 발현정도를 대조군과 비교할 때 AQP-4, -5, -8 mRNA가 각각 7.9배, 2.8배, 3.8배로 나타났다. AQP-4, -5, -8 mRNA는 간충조직보다 자궁내 상피조직에서 스테로이드 호르몬의 영향을 받아 발현양상의 차이가 나타났으며, 주로 에스트로젠의 영향을 받아 발현이 증가하였다. AQP-4 단백질은 에스트로젠을 24시간 처리한 후 프로게스테론을 처리한 군의 자궁내 상피조직에서 많이 발현되었으며, AQP-5와 -8 단백질은 에스트로젠을 처리한 군의 자궁내 상피조직에서 발현이 증가하였다. 결 론: 이상의 결과를 통해 AQP-4, -5, -8은 주로 에스트로젠에 의해 자궁내 상피세포에서 발현이 증가되는 것으로 보아 에스트로젠의 영향하에 일어나는 자궁내액의 이동으로 인한 자궁부종기작에 이동통로로서 관여하는 것으로 사료된다.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.219-226
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• 2012

It is suggested that carbohydrate metabolites may involve in the development of morula to blastocyst but many of the mechanisms are not unmasked. Two-cell stage embryos were collected and examined the effects of lactate on the development of blastocyst in vitro. The expression profiles of lactate dehydrognase (Ldh) genes and aquaporin (Aqp) genes were analyzed with RT-PCR. The successful development from morula to blastocyst was dependent on lactate concentrations. The expression profiles of Ldh genes were changed by the lactate concentration. Ldha was expressed in morula stage at 10 mM lactate, and in blastocyst stage at lactate free condition. Ldhb was expressed in morula stage at 10 mM and 20 mM lactate, and in blastocyst stage at 10 mM lactate. Aqp genes were also showed different expression patterns by the lactate concentrations. Aqp3 was expressed in hatching embryo at 120 hr post hCG administration (hph) which was cultured in BWW medium and lactate free condition. Aqp7 was expressed in hatching embryos at 120 hph which was cultured at 10 mM lactate condition. Also Aqp8 was expressed in hatching embryo at BWW and 20 mM lactate condition. Aqp9 was expressed in morula at BWW and 10 mM lactate condition, and in blastocyst at BWW. Based on these results, it is suggested that concentration of lactate in the medium and the level of lactate synthesis in embryo is critical factor for blastocoels formation. In addition it is suggested that LDH may involve the AQPs expression in embryos.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Embryo Transfer Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.62-62
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• 2003

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.42 no.2
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• pp.153-162
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• 2016

In this study, we investigated the moisturizing effects of collagen extract from jellyfish. The mositurizing effects were measured by the caspase 14 expression, filaggrin, hyaluronan synthase-3 (HAS-3), aquaporin-3 (AQP-3) and desmocollin (DSC). As a results, effect of caspase 14 mRNA expression of collagen extract are similar to that of retinoic acid (RA) which is a reference control. And the collagen extract showed inhibitory of filaggrin, HAS-3, AQP-3 and DSC mRNA expression of 211.7%, 139.9%, 212.5% and 116.8% respectively, at the concentration of 2%. Therefore, our study suggested that jellyfish collagen extract has considerable potential as a cosmetics ingredient with moisturizing effect.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.9-14
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• 2009

We cultured canine kidney(MDCK) cells stably expressing aquaporin-2(AQP2) on collagen-coated permeable membrane filters and examined the effect of extracellular ATP on arginine vasopressin(AVP)-stimulated fluid transport and cAMP production. Exposure of cell monolayers to basolateral AVP resulted in stimulation of apical to basolateral net fluid transport driven by osmotic gradient which was formed by addition of 500 mM mannitol to basolateral bathing solution. Pre-exposure of the basolateral surface of cell monolayers to ATP(100 ${\mu}M$) for 30 min significantly inhibited the AVP-stimulated net fluid transport. In these cells, AVP-stimulated cAMP production was suppressed as well. Profile of the effects of different nucleotides suggested that the $P2Y_2$ receptor is involved in the action of ATP. ATP inhibited the effect of isoproterenol as well, but not that of forskolin to stimulate cAMP production. The inhibitory effect of ATP on AVP-stimulated fluid movement was attenuated by a protein kinase C inhibitor, calphostin C or pertussis toxin. These results suggest that prolonged activation of the P2 receptors inhibits AVP-stimulated fluid transport and cAMP responses in AQP2 transfected MDCK cells. Depressed responsiveness of the adenylyl cyclase by PKC-mediated modification of the pertussis-toxin sensitive $G_i$ protein seems to be the underlyihng mechanism.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.33 no.11
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• pp.905-914
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• 2023

To evaluate the effectiveness of the skin barrier improvement of lactic acid (LA) and gluconolactone (GL), the expression of filaggrin, loricrin, hyaluronic acid (HA), hyaluronan syhthase-2 (HAS2), and aquaporine-3 (AQP3) in keratinocytes, and the moisture content and transepidermal water loss (TEWL) by clinical trials were evaluated. The expression levels of filaggrin and locricrin, which are the main factors affecting the proper functioning of skin barrier function, and HA, HAS2, and AQP3, which are skin moisturizing-related proteins measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blotting. The results showed that the expression levels of the factors that decreased by H2O2 treatment were significantly increased by LA, GL, and a mixture of LA and GL at the mRNA and protein levels (p<0.05). The nanoemulsion containing a mixture of LA and GL was prepared using the emulsion inversion method, and the average particle size was 299.9 ± 0.287 nm. After measuring the TEWL of nanoemulsion using Vapometer, it was found that TEWL significantly decreased by 15.53% and 26.73% after two weeks and four weeks of product use, respectively, compared to TEWL before product use (p<0.001). Similarly, the skin moisture content of the nanoemulsion significantly increased by 15.40% and 26.59% after two weeks and four weeks of product use, respectively, compared to skin moisture content before product use (p<0.001). Therefore, the skin barrier function and moisturizing effect of a mixture of LA and GL are shown by increasing the moisture content and decreasing the TEWL by increasing the expression of filaggrin, loricrin, HA, HAS2, and AQP3. This suggests the possibility for the development of functional cosmetic ingredients in the future.