• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.32 no.9
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• pp.3425-3428
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• 2011

Apolipoprotein A-I (Apo A-I) is a major component for high density lipoproteins (HDL). A number of mimetic peptides of Apo A-I were screened from the phase-displayed random peptide library by utilizing monoclonal antibodies (A12). Mimetic peptide for A12 epitope against Apo A-I was selected as CPFARLPVEHHDVVGL (pA1). From the BLAST search, the mimetic peptide pA1 had 40% homology with Apo A-I. As a result of the structural determination of this mimotope using homo/hetero nuclear 2D-NMR techniques and NMR-based distance geometry (DG)/molecular dynamic (MD) computations, DG structure had low penalty value of 0.3-0.7 ${\AA}^2$ and the total RMSD was 0.6-1.6 ${\AA}$. The mimotope pA1 exhibited characteristic conformation including a ${\beta}$-turn from Pro[7] to His[11].

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.163-168
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• 2001

We isolated and sequenced a cDNA clone corresponding to apolipophorin-III (apoLp-III) from the fall webworm, Hyphantria cunea. The cDNA for apoLp-III codes fer a 187-residue protein (561 bp) with a predicted molecular mass of 20 kDa. The calculated isoelectric point is 8.76. Multiple alignment analysis of the amino acid sequence revealed that H. cunea apoLp-III is most similar to that of Spodoptera litura (71.5% identity), followed by that of Manduca sexta (69.7% identity). They share five amphipathic $\alpha$-helices that are proposed to play a critical role in the binding of apoLp-III to lipophorin.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.312-318
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• 2006

The association between apolipoprotein E (apoE) gene polymorphism and ischemic cerebrovascular disease (ICVD) has been controversial. These controversies may be due to inaccurate classification of patients and ethnic differences. The aim of the present study was to assess the relationship between apoE gene polymorphism and the development of ICVD in a population from Korea. We investigated 136 patients with ICVD and 357 controls without ICVD. No differences in the apoE genotypes frequencies ($X^{2}$ = 3.660, df = 5, P = 0.454) and even in the alleles frequencies ($X^{2}$ = 1.946, df = 2, P = 0.378) were observed in the ICVD patients compared with that in controls. The data have been compared with data found in other population groups. However, the risk of ICVD associated with apoE ${\varepsilon}3/{\varepsilon}4$ genotype was increased nearly 3-fold in subjects possessing the history of diabetes mellitus (OR 3.3, 95% CI 1.2-9.4, P = 0.026). We concluded that the apoE polymorphism is not associated with ICVD at least in the Korean population, but the apoE frequencies found in this study differ significantly from those obtained in Japanese.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.36 no.8
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• pp.1352-1358
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• 2006

Purpose. The purpose of this study were to investigate the effects of a 12-week brisk walking program on triglycerides (TG) and apolipoprotein B (Apo B) and to compare these effects to those of a brisk walking plus diet program in middle-aged overweight/obese ($BMI{\geq}23$) Korean women with hypertriglyceridemia. Method. This analysis was done with nineteen middle-aged overweight/obese Korean women who completed either the brisk walking program (9 women) or the brisk walking plus diet program (10 women) for 12 weeks. The brisk walking consisted of walking for 20 to 50 minutes/day at an intensity of 40 to 70% of heart rate reserve (HRR) for 3 to 6 days/week. The diet consisted of 60 minutes of group education and 20 to 30 minutes of individual counseling every week. TG and Apo B were assessed pre- and post-intervention. Results. TG and Apo B decreased significantly after the brisk walking program (Z = -2.31, p = 0.021; Z = -2.59, p = 0.009). TG and Apo B lowering effects of the brisk walking program were not significantly different from those of the brisk walking plus diet program (U = 37.0, P = 0.549; U = 42.0, P = 0.842). Conclusion. Brisk walking can be an effective intervention for overweight/obese middle-aged women with hypertriglyceridemia in reducing cardiovascular risk by lowering TG and Apo B levels. Adding diet to brisk walking may have no additional significant effects on changes in TG and Apo B.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.29-34
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• 2008

Objectives : This study aimed to test potential modifying effects of education on the association between apolipoprotein E ${\varepsilon}4$ (Apo E4) and cognitive decline. Methods : A community cohort(N=683) aged 65 or over completed the Korean version of Mini-Mental State Examination(MMSE-K) at baseline and two years later(1999-2001). Apo E polymorphisms were genotyped, and classified into that with or without Apo E4. Educational levels were categorized into people with or without education. Covariates included demographic(age, gender), life style(smoking, alcohol drinking), clinical (depression, sleep disorder, vascular risk factors) characteristics. Results : The association between Apo E4 and cognitive decline was significant only in the old persons with no education. The interaction term between education and Apo E4 on cognitive decline was significant(p=0.040). Conclusion : Elders with no education might be more vulnerable to the impact of Apo E4 on cognitive decline, which suggests gene-environment interaction.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.61-66
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• 2008

Cyclic AMP receptor protein (CRP) is allosterically activated by cAMP and functions as a global transcription regulator in enteric bacteria. Structural information on CRP in the absence of cAMP (apo-CRP) is essential to fully understand its allosteric behavior. In this study we demonstrated interdomain interactions in apo-CRP, using a comparative thermodynamic approach to the intact protein and its isolated domains, which were prepared either by limited proteolysis or using recombinant DNA. Thermal denaturation of the intact apo-CRP, monitored by differential scanning calorimetry, revealed an apparently single cooperative transition with a slight asymmetry. Combined with circular dichroism and fluorescence analysis, the thermal denaturation of apo-CRP could be interpreted as a coupled process involving two individual transitions, each attributable to a structural domain. When isolated individually, both of the domains exhibited significantly altered thermal behavior, thus pointing to the existence of non-covalent interdomain interactions in the intact apo-CRP. These observations suggest that the allosteric conformational change of CRP upon binding to cAMP is achieved by perturbing or modifying pre-existing interdomain interactions. They also underline the effectiveness of a comparative approach using calorimetric and structural probes for studying the thermodynamics of a protein.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.745-754
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• 2022

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The incidence of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) has increased worldwide. Although a low serum vitamin D level is known to be associated with the risk of CVD, the mechanism is not well understood yet. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D₃ (25[OH]D) with homocysteine and apolipoprotein B (ApoB). SUBJECTS/METHODS: Of 777 subjects recruited from one health promotion center for routine heath exam from January 2010 to December 2016, 518 subjects were included in this study. Serum 25(OH)D, serum homocysteine, and other metabolic parameters including ApoB were analyzed. Simple and partial correlations were carried out after adjustments. Simple linear regression analysis was used for precise correlation of parameters. Multivariate regression analysis was done to know which factor (serum homocysteine or ApoB) was more related to serum 25(OH)D after adjustments. Finally, logarithms of homocysteine concentrations according to tertiles of serum 25(OH)D were compared. RESULTS: After sex and age adjustments, serum 25(OH)D showed negative correlations with serum homocysteine (r' = -0.114) and ApoB (r' = -0.098). In simple linear regression analysis, serum 25(OH)D showed a significant negative correlation with ApoB (P = 0.035). However, in multivariate regression analysis, serum 25(OH)D was significantly associated with serum homocysteine after adjustments (P = 0.022). In addition, serum homocysteine concentration was significantly high in the lowest 25(OH)D group (P = 0.046). CONCLUSION: Serum 25(OH)D concentration showed a stronger negative association with serum homocysteine than with ApoB.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.18 no.10
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• pp.1384-1389
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to find out the effects of aerobic training plus diet on blood lipids and apolipoproteins (Apo) in obese children. Sixteen healthy obese boys (ages 10.9; body mass index (BMI) $\geq$95th percentiles for age and sex) participated in this study. The aerobic training program consisted of 40 minutes hiking on a mountain, 60 minute of basketball and football dribbling at an intensity of 60-70% of HRmax, and was performed 5 days a week for 9 weeks. The diet prescription was 2,100 kal/day according to the recommended dietary allowance for 10-12 year old Koreans. All subjects stayed in a training camp for 9 weeks. The results of this study were as follows; Blood lipid profiles including total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG) high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and TC/HDL-C ratio were significantly improved after the 9 week program, but there was no significant change in low density lipoprotein (LDL-C). Apolipoprotein profiles, Apo AI, AII, B, CII and CⅢ were all significantly decreased after the 9 week program, but there were no significant difference in Apo AI/AII ratio and Apo B/AI ratio. These results indicate that aerobic training together with a healthy diet can induce positive changes on blood lipid profiles, Apo AII, B and CII in obese children.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.213-221
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• 2010

Objectives: Plasma lipid profiles and Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) are established risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD). The knowledge of lipid profile may estimate the potential victims of cardiovascular disease before its initiation and progression and offers the opportunity for primary prevention. The most common ApoE polymorphism has been found to influence plasma lipid concentrations and its correlation with CVD has been extensively investigated in the last decade. Methods: The ApoE polymorphism and its influence on plasma lipid were investigated in healthy woman workers. The information on confounding factors was obtained through a self-administered questionnaire and ApoE polymorphism was investigated using PCR. Results: The relative frequencies of alleles E2, E3 and E4 for the study population (n = 305) were 0.127, 0.750 and 0.121, respectively. ApoE polymorphism was associated with variations in plasma HDL-cholesterol lipid profile. In order to estimate the independent effects of alleles E2 and E4, as compared with E3, on lipid profile, multiple regression was performed after adjustment for confounding variables such as age, BMI, blood pressure, education status, insulin, fasting glucose, HOMA-IR, menopause. ApoE2 had a negative association with HDL cholesterol and ApoE4 had a positive association with LDL cholesterol. Conclusions: This study identified that the ApoE and CVD risk factors contribute to the lipid profiles, similar to other studies. The analysis including dietary intake and other gene in further studies may help to identify clear effects on lipid profiles as risk factor for CVD.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.33 no.8
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• pp.813-823
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the nutrition therapy and drug(simvastatin) treatment on the levels of blood lipids for the hyperlipidemic patients according to genetic polymorphism of apo CIII. Subjects of the study consisted of 43(male: 9, female: 34 )hyperlipidemic patients registered to Kyung Hee Medical Center, Intakes of nutrients for the subjects were determined by 24-hr recall method through a personal interviews. The subjects were instructed to take the hypolipidemic and hypocholesterolemic diets. Compliance was monitored through food records, personal interview, and body-weight measurements. The patients changed their basal diet containing 40. 1g fat(182.7mg cholesterol./day) to a diet containing 30.7g fat(139.2mg cholesterol/day) after 12 weeks of nutrition therapy. The distribution of genotypes for apo CIII by Msp I was 32.5% of TT, 50.0% of TC, and 17.5% of CC. aT the beginning of the study, the level of blood triglyceride was the highest for patients with TT and TC. Following the nutrition therapy, patients with CC exhibited the largest drop of blood triglyceride. Following simvastatin treatment with nutrition therapy, blood LDL-cholesterol decreased in most of the patiens with TT. Meanwhile the distribution of genotypes for apo CII by the Fok I was 10.0% of TT, 47.5% of TC, and 42.5% of CC. The level of blood triglyceride was the highest for patients with CC. Following the nutrition therapy, patients with TC exhibited a significant drop for the blood triglyceride. Following simvastatin treatment with nutrition therapy the level of blood LDL-cholesterol decreased in most of the patients with CC. We concluded that dietary habits and food have been changed by nutrition therapy. And blood lipid levels have been decreased by the restriction of intakes of energy, fat and cholesterol. There was variation in the levels of blood lipids according to apo CII polymorphisms. The level of blood lipids responded to nutrition therapy and drug treatment in different was according to genetic polymorphisms. Accordingly, the choice of individualized therapy based on the patient\\`s genetic polymorphism is very important for effective therapy(Korean J Nutrition 33(8) : 813-823, 2000)