• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.37-41
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• 2010

The most important element for improving the process safety that occurs from the flare system installed to convert into safe materials by burning the inflammable or toxic gases within the process and this is specified in the API 521 Code so that the radiation does not cause a risk factor. The flames that occur from the flare stack holds the shape of jet fire due to the pressure and flow velocity of discharge gas. This study has identified the shape of flames by using the Chamberlain Model rather than the API 521 Code method, analyzing the radiation due to this.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Disaster Information Conference
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• 2023.11a
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• pp.221-221
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• 2023

1969년에 발간된 API521 1st edition에서는 Flare Load 저감용으로 적용되는 HIPS (High Integrity Protection System)는 모두 Pressure Safety Valve의 고장확률보다 낮은 SIL 3 (Safety Integrity Level)등급을 적용할 것을 요구하고 있다. Flare Stack 저감용 HIPS는 주로 압축기 출력압력상승, Reboiler Steam 과다주입, 전력공급중단냉각펌프고장 등에 의한 Flare 발생을 예방하기 위한 기능을 가진 SIF (Safety Instrumented Function)로 구성된다. 하지만 2007년도 발간된 API521 5th edition에서는 LOPA (Layer Of Protection Analysis) 분석을 통해 Target SIL을 도출하는 것으로 요구사항을 변경했다. 이에 따라 이번 연구에서는 Flare Load에 가장 큰 영향을 미치는 시나리오 중 대표적인 시나리오를 대상으로 HAZOP(Hazard and Operability Study)과 LOPA분석을 실시해서 Target SIL이 어떻게 도출되는지를 연구했다. Flare Stack에서 Flare를 발생시키는 대표적인 시나리오들에 대해 LOPA분석을 실시한 결과 압축기 출력압력상승은 SIL 2, Reboiler Steam 과다주입은 SIL 3, 전력공급중단은 SIL 0, 냉각펌프고장은 SIL 0로 모두가 SIL 3 가 나오지는 않았다. SIF 설계 시 Target SIL을 만족시키는 것도 중요하지만 운전 시 SIL 등급이 계속 유지되게 하지 위해 인적오류, 시스템적 고장, 하드웨어고장 등에 의해 SIF 기능불능화가 되는 것을 예방하기 위한 기능안전관리시스템 (FSMS)를 적용하는 것도 중요하다.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.49-53
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• 2009

Relief systems can improve the process safety because it has the function for the prevention of overpressure. Flare stacks is necessary to avoid explosion, radiation, or toxicity by waste-gas emitted from relief system. Safe combustion is one of the important factors to improve safety and the quantity and velocity emitted is ruled in the API code 521. Due to the pressure of released gas and mass flow, a flame from flare stack is similar to jet fire. In this study, we have investigated the effect of flame form on complete combustion and heat emission. API code was similar to jet fire model in flame length, the flame had an effect on the ground.

• 한국정보통신설비학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2008.08a
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• pp.521-524
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• 2008

기존 지능망 서비스들이 포화 상태에 이르게 됨에 따라 수익이 나는 새로운 서비스를 개발하는 것이 점점 더 어려워지고 있다. 요즈음 전통적인 전화망과 인터넷의 결합이 새로운 경향으로 나타나고 있다. PC와 같은 인터넷 단말은 전화망의 전통적인 단말보다 저장 장치 및 유저 인터페이스 면에서 더욱 더 강력한 능력을 가지고 있다. IT 개발자들은 전화 분야의 전문 지식을 갖고 있지 않아도 Parlay API를 사용하면 새로운 통신 서비스를 쉽게 만들수 있다. HTTP 상의 SOAP을 사용하여 쉽게 두 컴퓨터 노드간의 통신이 가능하게 할 수 있더라도 일반적인 개발자는 현란한 XML 포맷 때문에 SOAP 메시지를 처리하는데 어려움을 느낀다. REST 기반 API는 이러한 것의 좋은 대체재가 될 수 있는데, 추가적인 프로토콜 층이 없이 HTTP 층만 있기 때문이다. 본 논문에서는 통화 및 메시징 서비스를 만들기 위한 REST 기반의 Open APl 를 소개한다. 제안되는 API는 클릭투콜, 미니 컨퍼런스, 통화 녹음, 주문형 오디오 재생, 단문 메시징 및 음성 메시징 기능을 제공한다. 제안되는 API 특징은 전화망과 인터넷의 컨버전스의 강력함을 보여준다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.521-530
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• 2013

Protein-energy malnutrition, PEM, and increased hs-CRP level are considered to be associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in hemodialysis (HD) patients. This is commonly referred to as the vicious circle of malnutrition-inflammation-atherosclerosis cardiovascular disease (MIA syndrome) in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Low protein intake can decrease the serum level of albumin and increase inflammational markers; further, both low serum albumin and high hs-CRP are independent risk factors for all-cause mortality in HD patients. The aim of this study is comparing the serum levels of albumin and hs-CRP in HD patients according to the protein intake levels. The total number of subjects was 60 hemodialysis patients; they were grouped by dietary protein intake: low protein intake group (LPI, protein intake < 1.0 g/kg IBW, 11 men and 19 women) and adequate protein intake group (API, protein intake ${\geq}$ 1.0g/kg IBW, 12 men and 18 women). Blood biochemical parameters, nutrient intake, and dietary behaviors were compared between the LPI and API groups. The LPI group showed a significantly lower serum level of albumin and higher serum level of hs-CRP than the API group (p < 0.05). The LPI group showed a significantly lower intake of most nutrients than the API group (p < 0.05). Index of Nutritional Quality of most nutrients of the LPI and API groups were lower than 1.0. Dietary protein intake was positively correlated with the serum level of albumin (r = 0.306, p < 0.05) and negatively correlated with the serum level of hs-CRP (r = -0.435, p < 0.01). The serum level of hs-CRP was negatively correlated with that of albumin (r = -0.393, p < 0.01). According to these result, serum albumin and hs-CRP in HD patients were influenced by the protein intake levels. To prevent MIA syndrome, it is necessary to improve nutritional status, especially in protein and energy.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.521-524
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• 2014

Pyronaridine tetraphosphate (1) is a well-known antimalarial drug. However, it required a carefully optimized production process for the manufacture of pyronaridine tetraphosphate. Each step of its manufacturing process was reinvestigated. For the cyclization of 4-chloro-2-(6-methoxy-pyridin-3-yl-amino)-benzoic acid 6 to 7,10-dichloro-2-methoxybenzo[b]-1,5-naphthyridine 5, an improved process was developed to eliminated critical process impurity (BIA). By the redesign of the formation of triphosphate salt, the purity as API grade was increased. Thus, a robust manufacturing process with an acceptable process performance has been developed to produce high quality pyronaridine tetraphosphate.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2012.06b
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• pp.519-521
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• 2012

보건의료서비스는 스마트 시대의 도래와 함께 의료와 복지, 안전 등이 복합화 되고 지능화된 스마트헬스(s-Health)의 단계로 진화되고 있으며, 향후 이용자 중심으로 다양한 서비스가 상호 연계되는 고도로 지능화되고 종합화되는 서비스로 지속적인 발전이 예상되고 있다. 따라서 PHR(Personal Health Record)서비스의 활성화를 위해서는 PHR 공동 활용 체계를 구축하기 위한 Open Platform이 필요하다. 본 논문에서는 IHE XDS 프로파일 기반의 진료정보교류 환경에서 PHR 공동 활용 체계 구축을 위하여 Mobile PHR Store를 개발하고 open API 기반 PHR Platform을 제시한다.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.521-527
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• 2013

This study provides the elastic stress intensity factors, K, for circumferential and longitudinal surface cracked straight pipes under single or combined loads of internal pressure, bending, and torsion based on three-dimensional (3D) finite element (FE) analyses. FE results are compared with two different types of defect assessment codes (API-579-1 and RCC-MR A16) to prove the accuracy of the FE results and the differences between the codes. Through the 3D FE analysis, it is found that the stress intensity factors are sensitive to the number of elements, which they were believed to not be sensitive to because of path independence. Differences were also found between the FE analysis results for crack defining methods and the results obtained by two different types of defect assessment codes.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Broadcast Engineers Conference
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• 2020.07a
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• pp.521-524
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• 2020

MPEG-IoMT(Internet of Media Thing)는 미디어 사물 간에 데이터를 주고 받을 수 있도록 MPEG 표준화를 진행 중인 프로젝트이다. MPEG-IoMT 에서는 미디어 사물의 자원을 사용할 수 있도록 미디어 사물 인터넷 Usecase 에 맞는 API 를 정의하고 있지만 다수의 미디어 사물을 연결하고자 할 때 자동 연결 플랫폼을 가지고 있지 않는다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 MPEG-IoMT Mission Diagram 기반 미디어 사물 간 자동화 연결을 위해 IoT 에서 주로 활용되는 MQTT 를 이용해 MThing 간 자동 연결 플랫폼을 구현하였다.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.521-533
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• 2010

The OSGi framework is a java-based service platform that can be remotely managed, providing an application life cycle management model, a service registry and an execution environment. Based on the framework, various OSGi layers, APIs, and services have been defined. A bundle is an application that can be executed in the OSGi framework, deployed through a bundle repository. Usually, bundles in the repository are accessible via a designated web page. Unfortunately, the current bundle repositories do not provide any kind of group access services and dynamic bundle installation and deployment. In this paper, we describe a WebDAV-Based OSGi bundle repository named WOBR, which supports effective group-based accesses. WOBR is composed of a WOBR bundle repository, a management bundle and an access bundle that interact with the bundle repository. The management bundle is for configuration of the WOBR bundle repository, managing group access facility to the repository. The access bundle provides access to the repository and search mechanism for the bundles. Additionally, it provides the life cycle management of the installed bundles on the local environment.