• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.227-239
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• 1988

In order to investigate the morphological characteristics of dendritic cells in the mammary gland, the appearance on the clear cells(CLs) or ATPase-positive dendritic cells(APDCs) have been observed by the light microscope. The results obtained were summarized as follows: CLs were observed in the mammary tissues of the experimental animals, such as mice, rats, guinea pigs, rabbits, cats, dogs, pigs, cows and Korean native goats, and these CLs were confirmed as the ATPase-positive cells of typical dendritic appearance(APDCs), The APDCs were distributed in between the secretory epithelial cells, between the secretory epithelial cells and the myoepithelial cells, the basal area of the secretory epithelial cells, the interalveolar and interlobular connective tissues, and in between the epithelial cells of secretory duct. The APDCs were observed more frequently during the middle period of lactation than the other periods, and were irregularly or uniformly distributed according to the location. During the middle period of lactation, there were notable quantitative differences in the APDSs depending on the mammary glands of mice, rats, guinea pigs, rabbits and cats, The most prominent differences were recognized among the mice, guinea pigs and cats. The number of AP DCs per unit area was statistically fewer in the guinea pigs($209.07{\pm}51.75cells/mm^2$) than in the mice($221.00{\pm}50.94cells/mm^2$) and cats($223.56{\pm}49.68cells/mm^2$) (respectively, p<0.05, p<0.05). Among the A/J, DBA/2, C57BL/6 and NIH(GP) mice, the mean densities of APDCs was statistically significantly fewer in the DBA/2($196.65{\pm}43.47cells/mm^2$) than in the C57BL/6($248.40{\pm}41.40cells/mm^2$) and NIH(GP) ($235.98{\pm}55.89cells/mm^2$) (respectively, p<0.0000, p<0.0000), however no significant difference between the C57BL/6 and the NIH(GP) was recognized (p>0.1). Among the F344, SD and W rats, the statistical analysis were confirmed that there were significantly fewer APDCs in the F344($198.72{\pm}47.61cells/mm^2$) than in the SD($227.70{\pm}41.40cells/mm^2$) and W($223.56{\pm}49.68cells/mm^2$) (respectively, p<0.0000, p<0.0001), however no significant difference between the SD and the W was recognized(p>0.1). The mean difference between the inbred and the noninbred counts in the mice was statistically significant (p<0.0001), and the similar result was presented in the rats(p<0.0000).

• Journal of the Korean Arthroscopy Society
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.209-213
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• 2006

Purpose: Conventional transtibial approach for the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction tended to place the femoral tunnel in too vertical position (11 or 1 o'clock), which could provide the postoperative anteroposterior (AP) stability but not provided the rotational stability. Therefore we present a surgical technique to make the transtibial femoral tunnel at 10 or 2 o'clock position. Surgical approach: To make a transtibial femoral tunnel at the 10 or 2 o'clock position, the direction and position of the tibial drill guide was important. We set the tibial drill guide at $40{\sim}45$ degrees and the intraarticular guide tip was 1 mm anterior and medial to the conventional site. The starting point for the guide pin on the proximal tibia was proximal to the pes anserinus and anterior to the medial collateral ligament. The tibial tunnel was initially drilled 1mm less than the diameter of the graft. Then femoral offset guide could be easily placed at 10 or 2 o'clock position through the tibial tunnel. The tibial tunnel and the femoral tunnel of 30 mm in length were made with the reamer that was same size with the graft. Conclusion: We report a surgical technique to create a transtibial femoral tunnel at 10 or 2 o'clock position in ACL reconstruction to provide the rotational stability as well as the AP stability.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.209-222
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• 2011

Missing anterior teeth can be replaced using any of a number of methods. Patients may choose to replace missing teeth with a prosthesis that is either removable, fixed, or retained with implants. For patients faced with financial, anatomical, and/or esthetic limitations, the edentulous region can be restored successfully and esthetically with a properly designed and fabricated rotational path RPD. The rotational path RPD is a partial removable dental prosthesis that incorporates a curved, arcuate, or variable path of placement allowing one or more of the rigid components of the framework to gain access to and engage an undercut area. The rigid retainer must gain access to the infrabulge portion of the tooth by rotating into place. Either a minor connector or proximal plate provides retention through its intimate contact with a proximal tooth surface. A specially designed dovetails or asymmetric rest seats provides support and embracing effects. Correctly designed and fabricated rotational path RPD can provide improved esthetics, cleanliness, and retention. But rotational path RPDs are technique sensitive since the rotational path RPD has little margin of laboratory error that rigid retainers cannot be adjusted like conventional clasps can, RPD framework must be remade once the retention is lost. The sufficient understanding of the concept for the rotational path RPD is required for clinically successful treatment. This clinical report describes in detail the theoretical, laboratory considerations and the treatment of a patient with an anterior maxillary edentulous area treated by an AP path rotational RPD that had a difficulty in long term maintenance and describes another clinical case in which more reasonable treatment procedures were approached after analyzing the former case.