• 공업화학
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.367-373
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• 1999

OCC의 구성 특성을 조사하고 OCC로부터 elemental chlorine free (ECF)나 totally chlorine free (TCF) 표백을 통한 백색도 85% (ISO) 이상의 인쇄 및 필기용지를 제조하기 위한 연구가 수행되었다. American old corrugated containers (AOCC)는 Korean old corrugated containers (KOCC)보다 섬유길이가 길며, 주로 장섬유로 구성되어 있고 전자의 경우 약 80%가 unbleached kraft pulp (UKP)로 구성되어 있으나 후자는 20% 정도였다. 또한 KOCC의 경우 회분함량 (9.7%)과 NaOH 추출물 (19.3%)이 AOCC보다 현저히 높았다. AOCC로부터 ECF 표백이 가능한 펄프 (kappa no. 25이하, 수율 70%)를 생산하기 위한 증해조건은 활성알칼리 20%, 황화도 25%, Anthraquinone (AQ) 0.1%, 펄핑온도 $170^{\circ}C$, 증해시간 90분이다 (kappa no. 22.6, 수율 68%). KOCC의 경우는 증해시간을 60분으로 단축시킬 수 있었다. (kappa no. 16.4, 수율 66%) 증해된 AOCC 펄프를 TCF나 ECF 표백단계를 거치면 백색도 85% (ISO) 이상의 펄프를 생산할 수 있었다. 그러나 KOCC 펄프는 TCF 표백으로서 목표 백색도를 달성할 수 없었다. 표백 KOCC 펄프는 표백 AOCC 펄프에 비하여 연장지수가 낮으나 파열지수와 인열지수는 오히려 높은 경향을 나타내었다.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.8-15
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• 1999

The effects of Condebelt press drying on the densification of recycled sheets made from KOCC , AOCC UKP and BKP were examined using CLSM (Confocal Laser Scanning Microscope) and thermal image analysis techniques. It was shown that significant improvement in sheet density, compression strength, tensile strength, surface smoothness was obtained by Condebelt drying. Densification effect by press drying was most prominent for recycled KOCC sheets. And this beneficial effect of Condebelt drying of increasing sheet density and strength was shown to provide opportunities of reducing the utilization ratio of AOCC for cost saving.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2004

Linerboards and corrugating mediums are being produced using recycled old corrugated containers (OCC) as major raw materials. The utilization rate of recycled fibers is ex­pected to increase further in the future to reduce raw material cost. Use of recycled fibers as raw materials for linerboard, however, causes many problems for papermakers. As the utilization rate of recycled fiber and number of recycling of fibers increases, quality and process problems including strength reduction and deterioration of machine runn­ability will increase. To overcome the problem of strength reduction associated with the use of recycled fibrous materials for producing quality linerboards, diverse extensive research efforts and new technological approaches have been taken. In this study, disintegration characteristics of aee was evaluated by determining the unslushed contents. The amount of unslushed content of KOCC was lower than AOCC. But contaminants content of KOCC was higher than AOCC. As the consistency in disintegration increased, the amount of unslushed fiber content decreased.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.50-58
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• 2005

It is generally known that paper industry is the second largest industry in the use of process water, and also have the highest environmental impact load in the contaminant sources. Paper is produced from the mixtures composed of 1% fibrous raw materials and 99% water. The optimum use of process water effects on the quality properties of paper and the environmental impact load of waste water treatment. In this research, the kinds of fibrous raw material & additives used in the paperboard production line were investigated, and the quantification of environmental loads and the environmental effects of process water on COD potential were evaluated. The NBDCODs were also analyzed from process water by the method of waste water treatment in paper mill and applied for the optimum use of recycling water, and zero effluent process. In the fibrous raw materials, KOCC caused the highest COD potentials, and sack paper & UKP was comparatively low. The NBDCOD of KOCC largely reduced after biological treatment because of easily biodegradable properties, but AOCC contained non-biodegradable materials. In chemical additives, COD was high in turns of rosin>starch>deaeration agent>dye, NBDCOD greatly reduced in starch and deaeration agent. In the case of 2 kinds of paperboard product, the COD potentials was mainly high in starch, AOCC and KOCC.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.26-32
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• 2003

For the purpose of manufacturing water-resistant corrugated board boxes for agricultural products in the cold chain system, the effects of fiber types, wet strength agents and a moisture-proof chemical on the properties of the base papers were investigated first. PAE(polyamide amine epichlorohydrin) showed better performance than MF(melamine formalde-hyde) over broad stock pH ranges, which was prefered as wet strength agent for the paper grade. When short fibers(AOCC, KOCC) were mixed with long fiber(UKP) in certain ratios, some physical properties of the paper made with mixed fibers were similar to those of the paper made with UKP only. Paper containing AOCC showed the biggest increase in water resistance when PAE was added to the stock. Synergistic effects in moisture-proof and some mechanical properties of paper were appeared when PAR was added internally, together with the coating of a moisture proof chemical on the sheets.

• 한국펄프종이공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국펄프종이공학회 1999년도 춘계학술발표논문집
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• pp.43-43
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• 1999

98년말 동일제지에 도입 설치된 Condebelt 설비는 세계 최초의 대형생산설비로 국제적 인 관심을 모으고 있다. 이러한 첨단 Condebelt 기술의 국산화를 위해서는 국내 원료 특성 에 적합하도록 공정최적화가 요청된다. 본 연구에서는 KOCC를 원료로 이용한 라이너지를 C Conde belt를 이용하여 생산할 경우 주요 공정변수에 따른 물성 변화를 평가하고, 이를 통하 여 Condebelt 공정을 최적화하고자 실험실용 파일로트 건조기를 이용하여 Condebelt 공정의 주요 변수가 지질에 미치는 영향을 검토하였다. 실험용 Condebelt 건조장치의 상부플레이트는 18WC까지, 하부플레이트는 냉각수를 이용 하여 40-80'C까지 조절이 가능하도록 설계하였으며, 유압을 이용하여 압체 압력과 시간을 변화시킬 수 있도록 하였다. 구축된 실험장치를 이용하여 Conde belt 공정의 주요 변수인 온도, 압력, 압체시간, 유입 지필의 건조도 변화에 따른 라이너지의 물성 변화를 평가하고 이를 실린더 건조된 종이의 물성과 비교하였다. 그 결과 본 연구에서 검토된 모든 건조조건에서 Conde belt 건조된 종이가 실린더 건조 된 종이보다 높은 강도를 나타내었으며, 투기저항성과 광택도 역시 향상되었다. 투기저항성 과 광택도는 강도적 성질과 달리 유입지 건조도가 높을수록, 상부플레이트의 온도가 높을수 록 그 효과가 저하되었다. 일반적으로 KOCC를 원료로한 라이너지를 Conde belt로 제조할 경우 상부 고온챔버의 온도를 160'C, 압체압력을 5 bar로 조절하는 것이 가장 좋을 것으로 판단되었다. 원료펄프의 조성에 따른 Condebelt 공정의 건조효과를 연구한 결과 모든 펄프에서 공히 C Condebelt 건조방법이 실린더 건조방법에 비하여 물성 향상 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났으 며, 그 효과는 펼프의 리그닌 함량이 높을수록 크게 나타났다. 또 Condebelt의 물성개선 특 성을 이용한 원료비 절감 가능성을 평가하기 위해 AOCC와 KOCC를 이용하여 단층지와 이 층지를 제조하고 물성을 비교평가하였다. 그 결과 Condebelt를 이용하면 KOCC의 비율을 증가시키더라도 AOCC만을 이용하여 실린더 건조한 종이보다 우수한 물성을 얻을 수 있었다. 이러한 연구를 통하여 Condebelt 공정이 국내 저급원료로 제조된 종이의 강도 저하를 극복할 수 있는 기술임을 확인하였다.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.65-74
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• 2013

In the manufacture of corrugated box, the fibrous raw materials are mainly consisted of recycled papers, such as KOCC(Korean Old Corrugated Container), kraft sack, and AOCC(American Old Corrugated Container). Among these recycled waste paper, the proportion of KOCC is relatively higher than others in fibrous raw materials. Generally, KOCC shows some poor fiber properties and contains hazardous heavy metal sources. Therefore, it is to evaluate the property of recycled paper sources for eco-friendly corrugated box manufacture. In this study, the physical and mechanical properties of 3 kinds of recycled fibers and their mixed stocks were analyzed. The environmental assessment was also evaluated by analyzing the 4 representative heavy metal contents and evaporation residues in waste papers. As the results, KOCC showed the poorest fiber qualities and had the highest heavy metal contents and evaporation residues among the recycled fibers. Finally, the mechanical strength properties were increased by decreasing KOCC proportion of mixed stock conditions. In addition, the heavy metal contents and evaporation residues were also decreased by increasing recycled AOCC and kraft sack proportion.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제45권6호
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• pp.1179-1186
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• 2012

For better understanding of carbon cycle dynamics of an agro-ecosystem, an accurate assessment of seasonal and daily $CO_2$ flux is essential to understand the relationship between various environmental factors and crop productivity. We developed the automatic sliding canopy chamber (ASCC) system that measured continuous net ecosystem productivity (NEP) over whole growing season under the natural meteorological rhythm. The ASCC was composed of two main parts which were sliding part for measuring NEP, and automatic opening and closing chamber (AOCC) for measuring soil respiration (SR) on the soil surface. The ASCC was developed by using open flow method for measuring soil $CO_2$ efflux. The disturbance of natural meteorological condition was minimized by opening the base frames. In the field test with barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), NEP was calculated at $140mg\;CO_2\;m^{-2}h^{-1}$ on a clear day using continuous data and eliminated the possibility of overestimate about 16% using one hour data during the day time. Unlike other small scale chamber system, installation on cropping-field made it possible to take any modifications which might be caused by natural environmental condition.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.42-47
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• 2008

For the purpose of reduction of production cost in the industrial papermaking process, the use of waste paper has been more and more increased as a fibrous raw material, and the closed system of white water became closed more than ever. "Scum" indicates the floated sludge by a flotation during primary wastewater treatment process in paper mills. If the scum is used as the raw material, it could reduce both the raw material and solid waste treatment cost with even small quantity. In this study, the element survey and the toxicity measurement was carried out for recycling scum. A load factor of stock preparation process in paper mills was measured by somerville screen. Physical properties of paper sheet containing the accepted scum from the stock of AOCC or KOCC were evaluated. The result of this study shows that recycling scum has potential to be used in paper making system. It also might be able to reduce the required energy used by the pressing or drainage process, the raw material cost, and solid waste treatment cost due to the recycling of scum.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제42권5호
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• pp.67-73
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• 2010

Paper packaging materials are essential in protection and transportation of commercial or industrial products. Raw materials for packaging paper production are mainly obtained from various grades of waste paper. For this reason, the recycled fibers from waste paper would probably have possibility of containing heavy metals. This study was focused on the development of optimum pre-treatment method for the quantitative analysis of mercury. The optimum pre-treatment for open digestion system were obtained at the treatment conditions of acid combination with $HNO_3/HCl/H_2O_2$ or $HNO_3/H_2SO_4$ at $80^{\circ}C$. The optimum pre-treatment conditions in closed digestion system were determinated by the acid combination with $HNO_3/HCl/H_2O_2/HF$ in microwave at 320 W for 20 min. The recovery rate in open digestion system was 85~94% and in closed digestion system was indicated as about 100%. Therefore, the closed system is superior than the open system in pre-treatment method for the quantitative analysis of mercury, and the detected mercury contents in the sample of KOCC, AOCC and kraft sack paper were measured below 1 ppm.