• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.67-72
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• 1994

Bioequivalence (BE) test of biphenyl dimethyl dicarboxylate (DDB) tablets was performed. Normal healthy male volunteers (n = 20) were randomly divided into 2 groups, and reference $(Nissel{\circledR})$ and test $(Livital{\circledR})$ tablets of DDB $(25mg{\times}8\;Tab.\;= \;200\;mg)$ were given orally by balanced two-period cross-over design. The serum concentration was determined by high performance liquid chromatography. The pharmacokinetic parameters, AUC, $C_{max}$, and $T_{max}$ obtained after drug administration were statistically analyzed. Statistical evaluation of the data involved an analysis of variance (ANOVA) for cross-over design. The results were within 20% differences of mean value in AUC, $C_{max}$, and $T_{max}$ between reference and test tablets. The results of ANOVA showed no significant differences for "between group or subject" and "period". The test tablet was bioequivalent with the reference tablet in the AUC, $C_{max}$, and $T_{max}$.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.237-242
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• 1995

For the vioequivalence study of two ceftriaxone injection formulations ($Rocephin{\circledR}$ ; Roche, and Triaxone ; Hanmi0, the HPLC analytical method for the analysis of ceftriaxone in plasma was used. Fourteen healthy volunteers completed the study and each subject were IM in jected signle doses (1 g) of the test and the reference formulations in a two-way crossover design with an one week drug free interval between doses. Following each administration, plasma concentrations of ceftrixone were monitored over a period of 24 h. Bioequivalence parameters $AUC_{24th}, {\;}T_{max}, {\;}C_{max}$ and MRT determined from the data obtained for the two formulations were examined by analyses of variance (ANOVA) and other criteria and tests for bioequivalence. Results of ANOVA and confidence limits of test/reference ratios of $AUC_{24th}, {\;}T_{max}, {\;}C_{max}$ and MRT, and statistical tests indicated the bioequivalence of the two formulations (i.e., test/reference ratio was within $100{\pm}20%$) except for $T_{max}$ The mean of $T_{max}$ showed only 6. 9% difference from the reference but the detection limit was 22.5% which is slightly over the 20% criteria. No pharmacokinetic parameters including Ka, Kel, Vd and Cl indicated significant difference in between the two fomulations. It was concluded that the data yielded fro the two cefriaxone formulations demonstrated that they were bioequivalent.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.712-721
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• 2023

While hydrogen is widely used, it has a low minimum ignition energy, raising safety concerns when using it. This research studied which parameters are the key variables in the hydrogen release and diffusion. These parameters were divided into six process variables in the initial release and two environmental variables in the dispersion. One hundred and twenty cases were selected through design of experiment, and the end-point in each case were analyzed using PHAST. Afterwards, an end-point prediction model was developed using RSM and ANOVA, and the impact of each variable on the endpoint was analyzed. As a result, the influence of eight variables was graded. The nozzle diameter had the greatest influence on the end-point, while the pipe roughness coefficient had no effect on the end-point. It is expected that these results will be used as basic data to improve safety across all fields of hydrogen handling facilities.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제19권3호통권31호
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• pp.134-145
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• 2006

Objective : This study was carried out to investigate what type of assumption and conditions are needed for the application of various statistical techniques such as descriptive statistics, t-test, analysis of variance, correlation analysis, regression analysis and chi-square test and to evaluate that they are used correctly in the research process. Methods : One more methods of statistical analysis were used in 91 papers among 162 papers selected from the journal of Korean oriental medical Ophthalmology & Otolaryngology & Dermatology from April 2003 to December 2005. So we analysed the type of statistical analysis method in 91 papers(clinical and experimental study) and assessed the their validity of statistical techniques by the check list consisting of 34 items(3 items for validity assessment of descriptive statistics, 6 items for t-test, 7 items for analysis of variance, correlation analysis and regression analysis, respectively, 4 items for chi-square test) Results : 1. The type of 65(40%) cases is experimental trial, the type of 55(34%) cases is case report, the type of 26(16%) cases is clinical trial and the type of 16(10%) cases is review, in 91 papers using statistical techniques among 162 papers selected from the journal of Korean oriental medical Ophthalmology & Otolaryngology & Dermatol-ogy from April 2003 to December 2005. 2. One more methods of statistical analysis were used in the experimental and clinical study. When we classified 125 units using statistical analysis methods in 91 papers according to statistical techniques such as descriptive statistics, t-test, analysis of variance, correlation analysis, regression analysis and chi-square test, the number of independent sample t-test is 33(26%), the number of only descriptive statistics is 28(22%), the number of independent sample t-test is 33(26%), the number of only descriptive statistics is 28(22%), the number of one way ANOVA is 15(12%), the number of non-parametric test 10(8%). 3. After carrying out one way ANOVA, the number of using multiple comparison methods is 15(Scheffe:6(26%), Duncan:4(17%), Dunnett:3(13%), Tukey:2(9%)) out of 23 (total case carrying out one way ANOVA). 8(35%) out of 23 did not enforce multiple comparison methods after carrying out one way ANOVA. 4. From the assessment of validity about 63 cases using statistical techniques(except descriptive statistics), 5(8%) cases are proper, the other 58(92%) are improper, so we recognized a serious misuse of statistical application in our journal. 5. The number of case below 10 sample size in experimental and clinical study(except descriptive statistics) is 31(34%) and frequent. Also the number of case containing no mention of sample size is 41(45%, including culture study). 6. For example of statistical error, there are wrong choice of statistical technique, lack of check on standard assumption(such as standard distribution, equivariance, independence), and so on. Conclusions : We investigated the validity of statistical analysis methods in our journal by check list consisting of 34 items and suggested correct statistical analysis methods. We should practice the spread of education about statistical analysis methods and precis application, enhance objectivity and reliability of our thesis and further correspond with purpose of scientific study.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제55권5호
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• pp.357-370
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• 2022

본 연구는 공공하수처리시설의 다양한 운영방식(직영, 공공 위탁, 민간 대행)에 따른 성과의 차이를 분석하고 연구 결과를 토대로 국민에게 가장 효율적이고 높은 수준의 하수처리 서비스를 제공할 수 있는 운영방식과 개선방안을 도출하고자 하는 목적을 가진 연구이다. 이를 위해 경제적 성과지표(하수처리 비용, 하수도 요금)와 사회적 성과지표(수질, 민원 수)를 선정하여 횡단 분석(cross-section data)과 종단 분석(longitudinal analysis)의 방법으로 세 집단 이상의 평균 차이 검증을 일원분산분석(ANOVA)을 통해 실시하였다. 분석 결과 횡단 분석에서의 경제적 성과 차원에서는 운영방식에 따라 차이가 나타나지 않았으나, 사회적 성과 차원에서는 운영방식별로 차이가 나타나는 것을 알 수 있었다. 수질 지표의 경우 공공 위탁에서, 민원 발생 건수에서는 민간 대행에서 직영 대비 우수한 성과를 보이고 있었다. 종단 분석에서는 대부분 성과지표에서 운영방식별로 유의미한 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 따라서 공공서비스의 효율성 제고와 서비스 수준 제고를 위해서는 공공 위탁이나 민간 대행 도입 논리 외에 서비스별 특성에 맞는 다양한 접근이 요구된다고 하겠다. 아울러 향후 지자체가 하수도 위탁을 추진한다면 서비스의 성격과 지자체별 특수성, 서비스 이용자의 니즈 등을 잘 파악하여 추진하는 것이 필요하다.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.217-223
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• 2000

This study is to investigate the effect on the mount of domestic water use by the water pressure and the number of a family for the each house. Tow apartment sites which had elevated water tanks on the roof were selected as the reserch area. Tow techniques such as Analysis of Variance(ANOVA) and Analysis of Correlation were used for the analysis.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제13권9호
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• pp.914-921
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• 2001

The objective of this study is to evaluate the design parameters and to develop the cooling and heating load prediction equations of office buildings. The building load calculation simulation was carried out using the DOE-2.1E program. The results of the simulation was used as a data for ANOVA and multiple regression analysis which could develop the load prediction equations.

• 한국항행학회논문지
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.846-852
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• 2012

영상분할 결과는 알고리즘에 관련된 매개변수들에 따라 다르기 때문에 최적 분할을 위하여 시행 착오법이 많이 이용된다. 본 논문에서는 3차원 변량 분석법을 이용하여 영역기반 active contour 방법에 관련된 최적 매개변수들을 결정하는 방법을 제안한다. 3원 변량 분석법에 의해서 추출된 결과와 사용자가 영상에서 직접 그린 결과가 상호 비교된다. 마지막으로 각 매개변수들의 주요 효과와 상호작용 효과를 측정하고 최적 값을 추출하기 위하여 점 추정 및 구간 추정 값을 계산한다. 본 논문에서 제안한 방법은 구간 상수 모델을 대상으로 영상분할시 최적 매개변수들을 추출하는데 큰 도움을 줄 것이다.

• 대한임상전기생리학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.7-13
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• 2012

Purpose : This study was conducted to examine the effects of unstable surface training and galvanic vestibular stimulation on balance and proprioception. Methods : 4-week training was applied to 40 normal adults in their twenties (unstable surface training group 10, galvanic vestibular stimulation group 10, unstable surface training and galvanic vestibular stimulation group 10, control group 10). Balance and proprioception was measured before the experiment, after two weeks, and after four weeks. Repeated ANOVA was used for balance and proprioception analysis. Results : As a result of repeated ANOVA on balance changes in double support, a significant difference was found in open sight in interaction among groups and periods (p<0.05). As a result of repeated ANOVA on balance changes in double support, there was a significant difference in closed sight and interaction among groups and periods (p<0.05). As a result of repeated ANOVA on balance changes in proprioception, there was no statistically significant difference in interaction among groups and periods. Conclusion : In conclusion, both unstable surface training and galvanic vestibular stimulation had positive effect on balance control and proprioception improvement, and their excellence was not greatly different. Thus, it is possible to use unstable surface training and galvanic vestibular stimulation for physical therapy intervention to improve balance and proprioception. Since the results showed that simultaneous application of two methods had greater effects on difference compared with a single application, it is suggested to use this intervention in the clinical field.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.1153-1162
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• 2010

본 연구의 목적은 임산부의 임산부 체조 참여에 따른 신체평가 및 임신 스트레스에 미치는 영향을 규명하는데 있으며 연구대상은 2009년 현재 서울 강북지역에 거주하면서 임신을 한 20세에서 39세 사이의 성인여성을 대상으로 임산부 체조 참여자 49명, 비참여자 51명 총 100명을 대상으로 하였으며 SPSS Windows 15.0 Version을 이용하여 분석 목적에 따라 전산처리 하였으며 자료분석을 위하여 본 연구에서 사용할 분석기법은 빈도분석(Frequency), 요인분석(factor analysis), 신뢰도분석(reliability analysis), t-test, 일원변량분석(one-way ANOVA) 및 사후분석(Scheffe), 중다회귀분석(multiple regression analysis)을 실시하였다. 이러한 과정을 통한 구체적인 통계분석 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 임산부들의 인구통계학적 특성에 따른 신체평가 및 임신스트레스의 차이는 부분적으로 나타났다. 둘째, 임산부들의 임산부 체조 참여유무에 따른 신체평가 및 임신스트레스의 차이는 부분적으로 나타났다. 셋째, 임산부들의 신체평가가 임신 스트레스에 부분적으로 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다.