• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.361-370
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• 2008

In order to better understand the morphological differentiation of the two cultivated types of Perilla crop and their weedy types in Korea and Japan, we studied the variation of 62 accessions by examining 15 morphological characteristics. By using ANOVA (one-way analysis of variance), we determined that var. frutescens and var. crispa showed significant morphological differences in terms of plant height and seed weight. Furthermore, cultivated var. frutescens and var. crispa could also be clearly discriminated from one another using PCA (principal component analysis). Specifically, quantitative and qualitative characteristics such as plant height, seed weight, degree of pubescence, shape of leaf, color of leaf, fragrance of plant, color of flower, color of stem and seed size greatly contributed to differences seen in the positive and negative direction on the first axis. In our study, most accessions of cultivated var. frutescens and those of its weedy type could be clearly discriminated from one another, however, most accessions of cultivated and weedy types of var. crispa were not clearly discriminated by the ANOVA and PCA analyses. These results indicated that cultivated var. frutescens can be considered to be a domesticated form, while the cultivated var. crispa can not be considered to be a domesticated form in Korea and Japan. It is our belief that our results concerning the morphological variations among cultivated types of Perilla crop and their weedy types in Korea and Japan will help ensure the long-term success of breeding programs and maximize the use of the germplasm resources in Korea.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.45-53
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• 2019

Water and soil properties in paddy fields subjected to organic and conventional farming were characterized over the rice cycle in South Korea. To achieve the goals of this study, we sampled and analyzed soil and water from 24 organic paddy plots and 11 conventional paddy plots in March, May, August, and October 2016. The results were analyzed using statistical analyses, including analysis of variance (ANOVA), cluster analysis, and principal component analysis. The ANOVA results showed that water content (WC), electrical conductivity (EC), organic matter (OM), and available phosphorus ($P_2O_5$) in soil varied significantly (p < 0.01) depending on the farming method. Higher OM, EC, and $P_2O_5$ of soil were observed in the conventional paddies than in the organic paddies. All soil properties, except pH and ammonium, depended on seasonal variation. Cluster analysis revealed that soil properties in May were distinctly separated from those in other seasons mainly due to basal fertilization. The principal component analysis distinguished the soil properties in different seasons, but such a distinction was not observed between the soil properties in organic and conventional paddies. Low contents of WC, OM, and total N were observed in March. High concentrations of nitrate and total P were observed in May, but these were low in August and October. The soils from October were also characterized by high concentrations of EC and $P_2O_5$. These results indicate that the sampling time for soil and water can significantly influence the evaluation of soil properties with different farming methods.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.352-362
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• 2021

This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between major satisfaction, depression, self esteem and life stress among college dental hygiene students. This study targeted 227 dental hygiene student in one school. Data were analyzed using descriptive analyses, t-tests, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation, and Hierarchical multiple regression with the SPSS WIN 21. program. The results of this study were as follows: The average score of major satisfaction was 3.65±.59, the score of depression was 1.74±.43, the score of self esteem was 3.59±.70, the score of life stress was 1.50±.33. Life stress was negatively related to major satisfaction and self esteem, and positively related to depression. The factors influencing the life stress of dental hygiene students were grade, economic status, major satisfaction, depression. Overall, to decrease life stress among dental hygiene student, it is necessary to develop educational method and program that can prevent and mitigate depression and can increase major satisfaction.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.479-486
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• 2022

This study tried to identify hospital internal marketing, organizational communication, and the degree of organizational performance targeted at nurses working in university hospitals, and apprehend factors affecting organizational performance. A structured questionnaire, where 239 nurses answered, was used to figure out general features, hospital internal marketing, organizational communication, and organizational performance. Descriptive statistics, Indepented t-test, one-way ANOVA, correlation, and multiple regression analyses were used to analyze the data. The analyzing tool was IBM SPSS 21.0 program. The result of this study was as follows: hospital internal marketing 3.13±0.58 points, organizational communication 3.23±0.48 points, and organizational performance 3.34±0.51 points. Organizational performance showed a positive correlation with hospital internal marketing and organizational communication, and those two explained 61.0% of organizational performance. Therefore, hospital internal marketing strategy - encouraging nurses in individual aspect - and integrated strategy - establishing various communication channels in organizational aspect - are required to increase the organizational performance of nurses.

• Journal of Sport and Applied Science
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.21-29
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• 2023

Purpose: This study was to investigate the effects of isometric exercise on muscle activity and body balance ability in asymmetrical walkers. Research design, data, and methodology: Twenty gait asymmetry people were divided to unilateral exercise group (UG, n=10) and bilateral exercise group (BG, n=10). UG were performed unilateral exercise for 60 minutes, three times a week, and 16 weeks, and BG were performed one side and then the other side alternately for 60 minutes, three times a week, and 16 weeks. Muscle activity and body balance ability were measured before, after 4 and 16 weeks isometric exercise. Moreover, SI (symmetry index; SI) was calculated from the measured value of SL (step length). Statistical analyses were conducted using one-way ANOVA and two-way ANOVA with repeated measures, a paired t-test, and multiple comparisons according to Scheffe. Results: In the muscle activity, ST decreased significantly in short step length(S-SL) and BG of LS compared to before isometric exercise(p<.05), and GCM decreased significantly in BG of S-SL(p<.05). As for body balance ability, the mSEBT-A difference between L-SL and S-SL was decreased significantly in UG(p<.05). And the respective total scores of L-SL and S-SL, mSEBT-PM and mSEBT-PL were increased significantly in BG(p<.05). Conclusions: As a result, in this study above, it was confirmed that isometric exercise improved muscle activity and body balance ability in asymmetrical walkers.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.379-387
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• 2022

PURPOSE. The aim of this study is to compare the casts obtained by using conventional techniques and liquid crystal display (LCD) three-dimensional (3D) print techniques in the All-on-4 treatment concept of the edentulous mandibular jaw. MATERIALS AND METHODS. In this study, a completely edentulous mandibular acrylic cast (typodont) with bone-level implants placed with the Allon-4 technique served as a reference cast. In this typodont, impressions were taken with the conventional technique and dental stone casts were obtained. In addition, after scanning the acrylic cast in a dental laboratory scanner and obtaining the Standard Tessellation Language (STL) data, 3D printed casts were manufactured with a 3D printing device based on the design. The stone and 3D printed casts were scanned in the laboratory scanner and STL data were obtained, and then the interimplant distances were measured using Geomagic Control X v2020 (3D Systems, Rock Hill, SC, USA) analysis software (n = 60). The obtained data were statistically evaluated with one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's pairwise comparison tests. RESULTS. As a result of the one-way ANOVA test, it was determined that the stone casts, 3D printed casts, and reference cast values in all distance intervals conformed to the normal distribution and these values had a significant difference among them in all distance intervals. In Tukey pairwise comparison test, significant differences were found between casts at all distance intervals. In all analyses, the level of significance was determined as .05. CONCLUSION. 3D printed casts obtained with a 3D LCD printing device can be an alternative to stone casts when implants are placed in edentulous jaws. [J Adv Prosthodont 2022;14:379-87]

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.25-37
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• 2021

As the online shopping market grows, channels in the mobile shopping environment have become increasingly diverse as a wide variety of products are introduced every day. This study investigated the effects of the self-construal type, mobile product recommendation system type, and fashion product type on purchase intention. The experimental design of this study was a 2 (self-construal type: independent vs. interdependent) × 2 (product recommendation system: bestseller vs. content-based) × 2 (fashion product type: utilitarian vs. hedonic) 3-way mixed ANOVA. Women (n = 387) in their 20 to 30s residing in Seoul and the Gyeonggi area participated in the study. The data were analyzed with the SPSS 24 program and 3-way ANOVA and simple main effects analyses were conducted. The results were as follows. First, self-construal, product recommendation, and fashion product types had a statistically significant impact on purchase intention. Second, fashion product and consumers' self-construal types had significant interaction effects on purchase intention. Finally, product recommendation and fashion product and self-construal types showed significant 3-way interaction effects on purchase intention. The study confirmed an interaction between the self-construal, type of product recommendation system, and the type of fashion product used in influencing purchase intention.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.435-443
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• 2022

This study was to conducted to explore predictors of emotional labor of clinical practice and resilience on professional identity in nursing students. The data were collected from September to December, 2021, for 142 nursing students in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do. Descriptive statistics, independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficients, and multiple regression were used to analyze the data. Satisfaction of major showed statistically significant differences in professional identity (F=19.97, p<.001). Professional identity was positively associated with resilience (r=.30, p<.001) and negatively associated with emotional labor (r=-.35, p<.001). Multiple regression analyses showed that satisfaction of major and emotional labor were statistically significant (𝛽=-.268, p<.001) in predicting professional identity with the explanatory power of 29.3%. To enhance professional identity in nursing students, it is necessary to develop strategies to improve their satisfaction of major and to provide educational programs for coping skill in managing their emotional labor in clinical practice.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.250-261
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• 2022

PURPOSE. The purpose of this study was to analyze the marginal fit of three-unit resin prostheses printed with the stereolithography (SLA) method in two build orientations (45°, 60°) and two layer thicknesses (50 ㎛, 100 ㎛). MATERIALS AND METHODS. A master model for a three-unit resin prosthesis was designed with two implant abutments. Forty specimens were printed using an SLA 3D printer. The specimens were printed with two build orientations (45°, 60°), and each orientation was printed with two layer thicknesses (50 ㎛, 100 ㎛). The marginal fit was measured as the marginal gap (MG) and absolute marginal discrepancy (AMD), and MG and AMD measurements were performed at 8 points per abutment, for 16 points per specimen. All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS software. Two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was separately performed on the MG and AMD values of the build orientations and layer thicknesses. Moreover, one-way ANOVA was performed for each point within each group. RESULTS. The margins of the area adjacent to the pontic showed significantly high values, and the values were smaller when the build orientation was 45° than when it was 60°. However, the margin did not differ significantly according to the layer thicknesses. CONCLUSION. The marginal fit of the three-unit resin prosthesis fabricated by the SLA 3D method was affected by the pontic. Moreover, the marginal fit was affected by the build orientation. The 45° build orientation is recommended.

• Proceedings of the National Institute of Ecology of the Republic of Korea
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.28-42
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• 2023

Seed dispersal supports community structure, maintains genetic connectivity across fragmented landscapes, and influences vegetation assemblages. In the Philippines, only two seed dispersal studies have compared different dispersal agents. We examined the seed dispersal patterns of water, wind, birds, and bats in the Caliraya Watershed, Philippines. We aimed to determine the floral species that were dispersed and how the forest characteristics influenced seed dispersal. By running seed rain traps and drift litter collection from March to June 2022, we analyzed 14,090 seeds in a privately owned study site within the watershed. Water did not exclusively disperse any species and acted as a secondary disperser. Seed density (seeds/trap) was significantly higher for bird-dispersed (n=166) and bat-dispersed (n=145) seeds than for wind-dispersed (n=79) seeds (One-way analysis of variance [ANOVA]: F_2,87=16.21, P<0.0001). Species number (species/trap) was significantly higher for bird-dispersed (n=3.7) and bat-dispersed (n=3.9) seeds than for wind-dispersed (n=0.2) seeds (One-way ANOVA: F_2,87 =16.67, P<0.0001). Birds dispersed more species because they are more diverse and access a wider variety of fruits, unlike bats. Birds and bats target different fruits and provide separate seed dispersal services. Generalized linear model analyses revealed that the number and basal area of fleshy fruit trees most strongly influenced the bird seed dispersal patterns. Therefore, we recommend a three-way approach to restoration efforts in the Caliraya Watershed: (1) ensure the presence of fleshy fruit trees in restoration zones, (2) assist the establishment of mid-successional and wind-dispersed trees, and (3) intensify the conservation efforts for both flora and faunal diversity.