• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.505-513
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• 2008

본 연구의 목적은 인간의 간섭 및 영향에 따른 도시지역에서의 식물종의 분포패턴 및 특성을 분석하는데 있다. 전주시에서 자생적으로 이입된 모든 유관속 식물종에 대한 포괄적 자료습득을 위하여 각 1헥타 크기의 106개 표본 조사구가 분석되었다. 이러한 표본조사구는 전주시의 전형적인 토지이용유형을 대표하고 도심지역으로부터 다양한 이격거리를 갖도록 선정되었다. 종풍부성, 생활형의 패턴 그리고 외래종의 비율이 표본조사구의 헤메로비 정도와의 관계에 대해서 분석되었다. 식물종의 수는 적당히 영향을 받는 부지에서 가장 높게 나타남을 알 수 있었다. 이는 적당한 교란은 종풍부성 증가를 유도한다는 중간 교란 가설에 상응하는 결과이다. 인간의 영향을 가장 많이 받는 부지의 식물상은 일년생 식물과 외래종의 비율이 가장 높은 특징을 보였다. 그리고 일부 식물종들은 토지이용유형과 도시구역에 상응하는 유사한 분포를 갖는 세 가지 그룹인 도시지역 기피종(땅비싸리, 졸참나무, 개옻나무 등), 도시지역 및 외곽지역에 널리 분포하는 종(닭의장풀, 개망초, 박주가리 등)과 도시지역 선호종(애기땅빈대, 개쑥갓, 서양민들레 등)으로 구분되었다.

• 수산해양기술연구
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• 제57권1호
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• pp.10-24
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• 2021

A seasonal characteristic of fish assemblages in the coastal waters of Gapa-do was determined using samples collected by a trammel net from 2015 to 2019. Annual mean temperature and salinity were 18.9℃, 33.6 psu (2015), 19.5℃, 33.6 psu (2016), 18.9℃, 33.8 psu (2017), 18.8℃, 34.5 psu (2018) and 19.5℃, 33.7 psu (2019), which show a stable water mass. During the survey period, a total of 50 species (30 families and 8 orders) of fishes were identified, including Scorpaeniformes (3 families and 9 species) and Perciformes (18 families and 29 species) that accounted for 68% of the total number. The number of species was higher in summer than in winter, showing the peak in the summer by 35 species and the low in the winter by 20 species. The number of individuals and the biomass peaked in the summer by 690 individuals and 151.4 kg, and were the lowest in the autumn by 336 individuals and 76.6 kg. The annual diversity index, evenness index and richness index were appeared to be 2.54-2.75, 0.68-0.76 and 5.32-6.65 at each stations. The dominance index was appeared to be the highest in 2018 and the lowest in 2015. Marbled rockfish (Sebastiscus marmoratus), rock fish (Sebastes inermis), filefish (Stephanolepis cirrhifer), rabbit fish (Siganus fuscescens), porcupine fish (Diodon holocanthus) and smallscale blackfish (Girella melanichthys) were dominant species, which occurred abundantly during the entire survey period. Subtropical fishes were identified as a total of 24 species (48.0%) and the number of species was higher in 2019 by 20 (60.6%) species and lower in 2015 by 13 (44.8%) species. The dominant species of the subtropical fishes were appeared to be rabbit fish, porcupine fish, smallscale blackfish, flag fish (Goniistius zonatus), stripey (Microcanthus strigatus), grunter (Parapristipoma trilineatum), and bluestriped angelfish (Chaetodontoplus septentrionalis) at the study sites.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.317-327
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• 1993

Stands profiles, yearly changes in growth of annual rings, age and diameter structure, and spatial distribution pattern of individuals in the Pinus densiflora stands around the Yeocheon industrial complex were investigated. Growth of annual ring in Pinus densiflora, which survived when vegetation of this area was damaged by air pollutants, was suppressed for about 10 years since 1974 when factories in this area began to operate, but since then such suppressed growth tended to be recovered. It was supposed that the suppresed growth was originated from air pollution and that improvement of growth since the suppressed period was due to the release from competition with them by death of neighbouring trees and the resuction of the amount of air pollutants. Physiognomy of Pinus densiflora stands showed mosaic pattern composed of different patches. Spatial distribution pattern of individuals an stand profiles were similar to those of Pinus densiflora stands regenerated after natural and artificial disturbances. In an age distribution diagram, age of Pinus densiflora population ranged from 1 to 33 years, Among these individuals were recrited corresponded to the suppresed period of growth of annual ring in Pinus densiflora survived when the vegetation was damaged by air pollution. On the other hand, from the result of analysis of frequency distribution diagram of diameter, it was postulated that even if whis Pinus densiflora community can be maintained as it is for the time being, it might be changed to Quercus community with the lapse of time. Regeneration; Pinus densiflora; Air pollution; Annual ring; Age structure; Diameter structure; Quercus spp. In these analyses, factors for individual recognition and species recognition were suggested.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.229-240
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• 2020

Background: Genus Quercus is a successful group that has occupied the largest area of forest around the world including South Korea. The acorns are an important food source for both wild animals and humans. Although the reproductive characteristics of this genus are highly variable, it had been rarely studied in South Korea. Therefore, in Seoraksan and Odaesan National Parks (i) we measured the acorn production of Quercus mongolica, an overwhelmingly dominant species in South Korea, for 3 years (2017-2019), (ii) evaluated the spatial-temporal variation of acorn production, and (iii) analyzed the effects of oak- and site-related variables on the acorn production. Results: The annual acorn production of Q. mongolica increased 36 times from 1.2 g m-2 in 2017 to 43.2 g m-2 in 2018, and decreased to 16.7 g m-2 in 2019, resulting in an annual coefficient of variation of 104%. The coefficient of spatial variation was high and reached a maximum of 142%, and the tree size was the greatest influencing factor. That is, with an increase in tree size, acorn production increased significantly (2018 F = 16.3, p < 0.001; 2019 F = 8.2, p < 0.01). Elevation and slope also significantly affected the production in 2019. However, since elevation and tree size showed a positive correlation (r = 0.517, p < 0.001), the increase in acorn production with increasing elevation was possibly due to the effect of tree size. The acorn production of Odaesan for 3 years was 2.2 times greater than that of Seoraksan. This was presumed that there are more distribution of thick oak trees and more favorable site conditions such as deep soil A-layer depth, high organic matter, and slower slopes. Conclusion: As reported for other species of the genus Quercus, the acorn production of Q. mongolica showed large spatial and annual variations. The temporal variability was presumed to be a weather-influenced masting, while the spatial variability was mainly caused by oak tree size.

• 수산해양교육연구
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.400-409
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• 2008

전북연안의 어업자원 생산량의 경년변화를 알아보기 위하여 시험조업과 어업생산량을 조사 분석하였다. 2002년도의 시험조업에 의해 어획된 어업생물의 종수는 23종 이었고 총개체수는 6,008개체, 총중량은 376.38kg 이었다. 2004년도에는 종수는 15종, 총개체수는 2,469개체, 총중량은 211.99kg으로 나타났다. 1990년부터 2007년사이의 전국해면어업 생산량은 약 140만톤에서 180만톤으로 비교적 안정된 모습을 보인 반면 전라북도는 1990년도에 133,997톤이던 생산량이 2007년도에는 44,695톤으로 67%가 감소되었다. 전라북도와 인접한 충청남도의 어업생산량은 전라북도와는 달리 1990년에 51,187톤이었던 생산량이 최근에는 85,637톤으로 증가 되었다. 경기도의 어업생산량은 1990년에 42,260톤이 2007년에는 6,770톤으로 무려 84%가 감소되었다. 이러한 결과를 초래한 원인은 여러 가지 들 수 있겠지만 가장 큰 원인은 각종 개발사업으로 인한 어장축소와 해양오염으로 인한 어업자원 감소를 들 수 있다. 같은 서해안에서도 개발이 비교적 더디게 진행되고 있는 충청남도는 어업생산량이 증가하고 있음이 이를 중명한다고 할 수 있다.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.347-355
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• 2008

본 연구에서는 1990$\sim$2005년 사이에 일본전국의 109개의 주요하천유역에서 조사된 어류, 식물, 조류 데이터를 이용하여, 각 생물종의 종수와 기후 및 지형의 환경인자와의 관계를 분석하고 모델링을 수행하였다. 그 결과, 어류, 식물, 조류의 분포는 각각 연평균 기온, 유역면적, 연간 강수량에 의해서 가장 많은 부분이 설명되었다. 또한, 광범위 스케일에서의 환경인자데이터를 이용한 각 생물종에 대한 일반화가법모델을 이용하여 일본전국의 하천유역의 각 생물 종수의 값을 예측하고 그 값을 지도화하였다. 예측값을 지도화하는 것은 관리자가 생물종의 다양성을 확보하기 위해서 보호해야할 지역을 새롭게 설정하거나, 생물다양성 보호지역의 유효성을 평가하는데 활용될 수 있다.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.351-359
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• 2008

In an effort to develop high-resolution sea surface temperature (SST) proxies for mid-latitude regions, two massive reef-building coral species, Alveopora and Favia, were collected from Jeju and Tsushima Islands, respectively. Their skeletons were subsequently analyzed for annual growth banding, Sr/Ca and Mg/Ca ratios. Hermatypic corals are thinly distributed in the waters of Jeju Island, where Alveopora japonica was the only dominant coral species. A higher diversity of hermatypic corals were observed in the waters of Tsushima Island, where Favia sp. was the most common coral species and even forming an about 6-m-high reef structure. Both Alveopora and Favia showed annual growth layers consisting of couplets of high- and low-density bands. Sr/Ca ratio of both species and Mg/Ca ratio of Alveopora also showed seasonal variation, likely reflecting SST variation. These results suggest the possibility that Alveopora and Favia species can be used as potential SST proxies. However, this study also highlights the potential growth disturbance of middle latitude corals due to high rainfall during monsoon and low SST during winter. This possibility should be taken into account in the investigation of Sr/Ca(Mg/Ca)-SST relationships.

• 건축역사연구
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.23-38
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• 2006

During the repair and restoration of the Daewoongjeon Hall of Youngguksa Temple, species identification and tree-ring dating for both present wood elements and charred ones excavated under the Hall, were conducted. The species of 74 wood elements of Daewoongjeon Hall, were identified as Pinus densiflora Sieb. et Zucc. and only 1 was identified as exotic Pinus species. The latter wood, which was used in the laths, seems to have been replaced during past repairs. Many documentary records and various artifacts pertaining to Youngguksa Temple are being excavated, but none described precisely the construction date of the present Daewoongjeon Hall. Also, from beneath the Daewoongjeon Hall, cornerstone and foundation of previous building and several charred wood elements were excavated. In comparing the direction of the stone columns of foundation of the previous structure and the existing Daewoongjeon Hall, the previous structure was rotated in an angle of approximately $15^{\circ}$. Therefore, in order to find the association of the previous structure with the present Daewoongjeon Hall, tree-ring dating was conducted. The dating of 41 original timbers and 14 roof-filling timbers of the present construction elements revealed that the last annual ring was of A. D. 1703 with complete latewood, indicating that those woods was cut some time between the autumn of 1703 and spring of 1704, and the building was erected in 1704 when we assume no period of wood storage. The year of the last annual ring of the charred elements, which were excavated from beneath the Daewoongjeon Hall, was analyzed as 1674. The cutting year of the woods used for the present building began in 1698, therefore, it can be presumed that the Daewoongjeon Hall before the fire was a structure that was elected shortly after 1674 and that a catastrophic fire occurred some time between 1674 and 1698.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.225-232
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• 2008

To find out the status and characteristics of exotic plants in the Gwangreung Forest, a representative forest ecosystem in central Korea, we surveyed the species composition, coverage, and habitat illuminance of exotic plant species in a set of quadrats established along roads and trails in and around the Gwangreung Forest and buffer zone areas, In 1932, only five species of exotic plants were found along paths and roads in the Gwangreung Forest. However, the number of species in the forest has dramatically increased since 2000, when Ambrosia artemisiifolia L. and A. trifida L. were first recorded, and in 2007, 38 species of exotic plants were recorded. Among the 11 families, 23 genera and 25 species of exotic plants recorded in the quadrats, Compositae was the most common family (11 species), and perennial herbs, 42%, were the most frequently occurring life type, followed by annual herbs (31%) and biennial herbs (19%). Plants of North American origin comprised 48% of exotic species identified in our surveys. Exotics were found most frequently in quadrats along roads in the forest, followed by the buffer zones and hiking trails. The number of species and individuals of exotic plants decreased as we moved deeper into the forest, but Aster pilosus Willd. and Erigeron annuus (L.) Pers. were identified along hiking trails in the interior, and appeared to be capable of spreading further and more rapidly into the forest than other species.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제50권3호
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• pp.319-325
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• 2017

Marine algal flora and community structures were examined seasonally at three sites around the Shingori Nuclear Power Plant, Korea from February to November 2016. A total of 76 species were identified, including 9 green, 14 brown and 53 red algae. The greatest number of species occurred at Daesongri (51 species) followed by Sinamri (43 species) and at the discharge area (38 species) during the study period. Of the 76 seaweeds, 59 annuals and 17 warm tolerant species were recorded. Annual average biomass in dry weight varied from $168.02g/m^2$ at the discharge area to $222.53g/m^2$ at Sinamri. The coarsely branched form was the dominant functional form of seaweeds at the three sites. Seaweed community structures at the discharge site were distinguishable by decreasing species richness, biomass, species diversity index, richness index, and evenness index. The ratio of warm tolerance species and the dominance index values were remarkably higher at the discharge than those at the other sites.