• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.254-265
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• 2009

The estimation of the extreme sea level is necessary in the design of offshore or coastal structures. In this paper, the storm surge data calculated numerically at 52 harbors around the Korean Peninsula are analyzed by using annual maximum series(AMS), peaks over threshold(POT) and empirical simulation technique(EST). The maximum likelihood method was used to estimate the parameters in both AMS and POT models. The Generalized Pareto distribution was used and Chi-square and Kolmogorov-Smirnov goodness-of-fit tests were performed with the acceptable significance level 5%. The extreme sea levels were also evaluated by EST including tide effect, showing similar results as given by Jeong et al.(2008).

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.545-556
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• 2003

Detailed interdisciplinary investigations demonstrate that the Yeongsan River estuarine-filled sediments clearly record important paleoenvironmental changes during the Last Glacial and Holocene. The sediments from 18.9 m(20.5∼l.6m in depth) long core MW-1 are differentiated by changes in sedimentary textures and palynomorph assemblages. Chronology was provided by AMS$^{14}$C dating and regional pollen correlation. Three paleoenvironrnental phases are recognized: (1) The Last Glacial deposits consist mainly of fluvial sediments and paleosols, experienced deposition alternating with pedogenesis. The appearance of the paleosols suggests that the paleoclimate might be cold and humid. (2) The early and middle Holocene phase started abruptly in response to the rapid global climatic warming. and is characterized by abundant marine palynomorphs. (3) The late Holocene is marked by more cool conditions. The paleoenvironmental changes recorded in the sediments coincide not only with local but also with broad-scale, probably global climate changes.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.26 no.12
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• pp.1047-1054
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• 2003

Molecular chaperones have a crucial role in the folding of nascent polypeptides in endoplasmic reticulum. Some of them are known to be sensitive to the modification by electrophilic metabolites of organic pro-toxicants. In order to identify chaperone proteins sensitive to alkyators, ER extract was subjected to alkylation by 4-acetamido-4 -maleimidyl-stilbene-2,2 -disulfonate (AMS), and subsequent SDS-PAGE analyses. Protein spots, with molecular mass of 160, 100, 57 and 36 kDa, were found to be sensitive to AMS alkylation, and one abundant chaperon protein was identified to be protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) in comparison with the purified PDI. To see the reactivity of PDI with cysteine alkylators, the reduced form ($PDI_{red}$) of PDI was incubated with various alkylators containing Michael acceptor structure for 30 min at $38^{\circ}C$ at pH 6.3, and the remaining activity was determined by the insulin reduction assay. Iodoacetamide or N-ethylmaleimide at 0.1 mM remarkably inactivated $PDI_{red}$ with N-ethylmaleimide being more potent than iodoacetamide. A partial inactivation of $PDI_{oxid}$ was expressed by iodoacetamide, but not N-ethylmaleimide (NEM) at pH 6.3. Of Michael acceptor compounds tested, 1,4-benzoquinone ($IC_{50}, 15 \mu$ M) was the most potent, followed by 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal and 1,4-naphthoquinone. In contrast, 1,2-naphthoquinone, devoid of a remarkable inactivation action, was effective to cause the oxidative conversion of $PDI_{red}$ to $PDI_{oxid}$. Thus, the action of Michael acceptor compounds differed greatly depending on their structure. Based on these, it is proposed that POI, one of chaperone proteins in ER, could be susceptible to endogenous or xenobiotic Michael acceptor compounds in vivo system.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.36 no.10B
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• pp.1200-1209
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• 2011

In this paper, we propose a novel energy efficient MAC protocol which is based on orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) and exploits the physical characteristic that propagation loss of acoustic wave depends on the distance. In the proposed scheme, sensor nodes are grouped according to the distance to sink node. Then, each group uses a different frequency band. The proposed scheme not only enables all sensor nodes to maintain the signal-to-noise ratio above a certain required level (Accepted Minimum SNR, AMS), but also reduces overall transmission power consumption. In addition, the dynamic sub-channel allocation is employed in order to improve data transmission rate. Simulations show that proposed MAC protocol has better performance in a delay-tolerant underwater acoustic sensor networks.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.185-192
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• 2015

Expansion joint is the essential element of the bridge in many cases. When the bridge faces chloride of preventing freezing on the surface of the bridge, the expansion joints is damaged significantly, thus this reduces service life and increases maintenance cost of the bridge. As a solution of this problem, new technology using high ductile materials for the joint without expansion joint was developed and in this research, crack control performance, preventing leaking after the cracking, and chloride resistance were experimentally evaluated. As a result of the experiment, with PCM and FRC materials, the connecting joint suffered poor crack dispersion and severe damage by the chloride penetration while with high-ductile material, the connecting joint dispersed the tensile deformation to microcracks stably up to 7.5mm. Furthermore, under the sever conditions, the leaking was prevented and penetration of chloride ions was prevented after the crack occurred.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.411-416
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to analyze AMS radiocarbon dating, using wiggle match, of a charcoal column excavated from a fired dwelling site (ra-#8) at the Pungnaptoseong earthen wall made in Baekje era. The result of wiggle matching for 6 decadal single-ring samples of the charcoal produced ${\pm}2{\sigma}$ radiocarbon date (95.4% confidence interval) as A.D. 190~280. It indicated that the dwelling site (ra-#8) belonged to the early and middle of the 3rd century. Radiocarbon dating results confirmed the date speculated by archaeologists according to dwelling structure and pottery style.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.31 no.7
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• pp.112-117
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• 2003

The brazing of copper alloys and duplex stainless steels is an indispensable manufacturing technology for thrust chambers with regenerative cooling. For setting up the optimized brazing conditions, C18200 copper alloy plate with machined cooling channels and S31803 stainless steel plate are brazed with AMS4764 filler metals of which thickness is 50${\mu}m$ and 80${\mu}m$ They are tested by X-ray radiography, strength/leakage and fracture tests, and fracture surface inspection. The results obtained by the suggested conditions are that the specimen brazed with filler metal thickness of 50${\mu}m$ has good strength properties and brazed zone. However, the specimen with filler metal thickness of 80${\mu}m$ has the brazed zone with cooling channel obstruction and enlargement.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.20 no.11
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• pp.2131-2136
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• 2016

Before Industry 4.0, a purpose of manufacturing processes is simply overcoming the weakness of product line. However, Industry 4.0 should determine its method of work of facilities' own accord. Manufacturing processes such as FMS, AMS, MAS have been developed in these procedures, but there are possibilities of deadlock that can be happened for the reason of machine, agent or resource sharing. There were many studies to solve this problem. However, studies about prevention of deadlock happened in the situation that manufacturing processes are reconfigured dinamically because of human's intervention are incomplete. This paper proposes the model of the situation reconfigured dinamically and the method to prevent the deadlock in this situation. The proposed method adjusts production and manufacturing time by broadcasting time error messages to machines around when the manufacturing time of machine intervened by human is changed. Through this, it is anticipated to prevent the deadlock if conditions of the product line are changed.

• Journal of Climate Change Research
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.63-75
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to analyze the green-house gas emission reduction of the pump scheduling system applied to the water-supply facilities in all objectivity with AMS-II.C/Version 13 in CDM methodology. To calculate the baseline and project emission in Paldang Pumping Station (III) the data about water flow, water level, electricity consumption, etc. before and after the implementation of project was used. This study considers internal facility (mostly for lighting) electricity consumption and grid loss in order to get more accurate emission reductions. The methodology used in this study will be able to apply to different energy improvement techniques to calculate emission reductions in water supply facilities.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.54 no.6
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• pp.629-647
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• 2021

Located in the eastern part of the Anti-Atlas, the Tafilalet region shows numerous dykes and sills that crosscut the Paleozoic terrains. The magmatic structures (dykes and sills) of the Tadaout-Tizi n'Rsas (TTR) anticline is studied here, it located neighboring the main branch of the Anti-Atlas Major Fault (AAMF), known in this location as the Oumejrane-Taouz Fault (OJTF). The N20° to N60° trending dykes crosscut the Paleozoic formations (Ordovician to Devonian), whereas sills are injected into the Silurian and Devonian ones. The dyke swarms of TTR have been studied using the Anisotropy of Magnetic Susceptibility (AMS), petrographic study and structural analyses. The petrographic study of the TTR doleritic dykes shows a dominance of plagioclase feldspars, alkali feldspars, amphiboles, pyroxenes and biotite. The dykes contain also mesotype (natrolite), sphene (titanite), apatite, actinolite and pegmatitic enclaves of biotite, orthoclase feldspars and pelites. Concerning field works, they show the deformation of TTR dykes by the Variscan tectonics events, it is marked by the presence of displacements (strike-slip faults) and cleavages. The Magnetic Susceptibility (MS) measured on magmatic specimens show the dominance of ferromagnetic and paramagnetic minerals. The high values of MS in the dykes are due to the presence of hematite, amphibole, pyroxene and biotite. In addition their magnetic fabric, determined by our AMS study, allows us to reconstitute the tectonic event which affected the magmatic bodies. This one is characterized by a magnetic foliation and a NNW-trending lineation that reflect the Variscan shortening orientation.