• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.87-94
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• 2011

To find the preliminary environmental conditions for a short-time transport of living olive flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus, the stress response and physiological metabolic activity of the cultured fish to feed deprivation and slow temperature descending ($15.8^{\circ}C{\rightarrow}13.3^{\circ}C$) were monitored for 8 days. The monitored variables were the plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), glucose (GLU), total protein (TP), electrolytes ($Na^+$, $K^+$, $Cl^-$) and thyroid hormones ($TT_4$, $TT_3$, $FT_4$ and $FT_3$). In food deprivation experiment for 8 days, we did not find any statistical change of level in AST, ALT and electrolytes ($Na^+$, $K^+$, $Cl^-$), but found a significant decrease in TP and GLU. In thyroid hormones, the levels of four hormones in plasma were all showing a tendency to decrease. Especially, $FT_4$ and $TT_3$ were significantly decreased, indicating a withering of physiologic activity. In the temperature test, although no any significant change in AST, TP and electrolytes ($Na^+$, $K^+$, $Cl^-$), we observed a significant decrease of ALT and GLU following to temperature descending from $15.8^{\circ}C$ to $13.3^{\circ}C$ (P<0.05). In the levels of thyroid hormones, any significant change was not observed for experimental period. We conclude that the stress response and physiological activity of olive flounder were more influenced by feed deprivation than slow temperature descending at a transport of living fish, and plasma GLU appears to be sensitive factor to physiological metabolic activity, indicating that it could be used as a monitering mark or index for a health inspection of the fish.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.191-196
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• 2001

To evaluate an effect of cyclohexanone (CHO) treatment on the serum levels of glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity in acute liver damaged animals, acute liver damage was induced in rats with pretreatment of 50% $CCl_4$ in olive oil (0.1 ml/100 g body wt) intraperitoneally 14 times every other day. To liver damaged rats, CHO (1.56 g/kg body wt, i. p.) was injected once and then rats were sacrificed at 4 hours after injection of CHO. Increasing rate of GST activity to the control in serum was higher in CHO-treated rats pretreated with CCL$_4$ than the $CCl_4$-pretreated those. All the more, the injection of CHO to the liver damaged rats led to more enhanced liver damage on the basis of liver functional findings, i. e., serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activity, liver weight per body weight, and malondialdehyde content. The changing pattern of serum ALT activity was similar with that of GST activity, whereas that of liver in both enzymes differed more or less from each other; the liver GST activity in CHO-treated rats pretreated with $CCl_4$ being more increased tendency than that of $CCl_4$-pretreated rats. Concomitantly the injection of CHO showed a increasing tendency of liver GST activity compared with the control. Furthermore, CHO injection to the liver damaged rats showed somewhat higher Vmax in the kinetics of liver GST enzymes. In conclusion, injection of CHO to the liver damaged animals led to more increased activity of serum GST, and it may be chiefly caused by the alteration of membrane permeability.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.423-429
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• 2009

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of pine (Pinus densiflora) needle extracts on hepatic antioxidative system in rats fed high-cholesterol diet. Eight-week old Sprague Dawley rats were divided into four groups; normal diet group (CON), 0.5% cholesterol diet group (0.5% CHOL), 0.5% cholesterol diet and pine needle extracts prepared by using hot water group (HOT water), and 0.5% cholesterol diet and pine needle extracts prepared by using sub-supercritical $CO_2$ group (Sub-supercritical). The serum ALP, AST, and ALT activities were increased by 0.5% cholesterol diet supplementation, but treatment with pine needle extracts showed decrease compared with 0.5% CHOL group. The SOD activity in liver at 0.5% cholesterol diet group was more decreased than control group while Sub-supercritical group had significantly higher SOD activity than 0.5% CHOL group. Moreover, groups with pine needle extracts supplementation had higher level of GPx in liver than 0.5% cholesterol diet group. These results suggest that pine needle extracts increased antioxidative activities.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.338-346
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• 2005

Serum alanine aminotransferase(ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), hepatic glutathione, glutathione S-transferase(GST), cytochrome P450 and cytochrome P450 reductase activity were measured to investigate the effects of hepatic detoxication system and metabolic activities of carbendazim in Sprague Dawley(S.D.) male rat at dose levels of 375, 750 or 1,500 mg/kg body weight. Serum alanine aminotransferase(ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase(AST) activities were slightly increased in all test groups after 120 minutes of administration. Glutathione was increased about 20% at high and medium dose level within 120 minutes after administration, while activity of glutathione S-transferase was decreased $36{\sim}50%$. However, the enzyme activity was recovered from all test groups after 240 minutes of administration. Cytochrome P450 and activity of cytochrome P450 reductase were decreased $25{\sim}50%$ until 120 minutes after administration, but recovered after 240 minutes.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.894-898
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• 1994

To evaluate an effect of dietary protein on the liver damage, the bromobenzene was intraperitoneally injected to the rats fed a low or high protein diet and then the liver weight per body weight and serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activities were determined to demonstrate the differences in liver damage between the groups fed low or high protein diet. Hepatic aniline hydroxylase (AH), glutthione (GSH) content and glutathione s-transferase(GST) activity were also determined to clarify causes of liver damage between the two groups. Increases of liver weight per body weight and serum ALT activities were higher in brombenzene treated rats fed low protein diet than those fed high protein diet. The increasing rate of hepatic AH activity was higher in bromobenzne-treated rats fed low protein diet than that in those fed high protein diet. Furthermore , hepatic glutathione contents and GST activities in bromobenzene-treated rats were higher in rats fed high protein diet than those fed low protein diet. In case of control group, the heaptic glutathione content and GST activity were also higher in rats fed high protein diet than those fed low protein diet.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.25-31
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• 1997

The effects of Trichosanthes kirilowii Max. subfractions, which has long been used as a wild vegetable and folk medicine, on insulin activity and acute toxicity were investigated. Diabetes melitus was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats by the injection of streptozotocin(STZ) into the tail vein at a dose of 45mg/kg. The hexane fraction of the plant was subfractioned by silica gel column chromatography and were administered orally for 14 days and the normal and STZ-control group were orally administered with tween 80. The body weight gain was monitored and plasma levels of glucose, cholesterol, triglyceride, free fatty acid HDL-cholesterol were determined. The plasma activities of aspartate aminotransferase(AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) were analysed. The subjraction A of hexane fraction lowered plasma glucose levels significantly and increased insulin activity compared to that of STZ-control. The activities of AST and ALT were decreased by administration of subfractions A and C of hexane fraction. The intakes of the hexane fraction of Trichosanthes kirilowii Max. did not showed the acute toxicity. It is suggested from the results that the subfraction A of the hexane fraction of Trichosanthes kirilowii Max. showed a hypoglycemic effect on diabetic rats and that the subfraction may be beneficial for insulin secreation.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.69-79
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• 1990

The aim of this experiment is to observe the toxicity of cypermethrin[S, R- -cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl-(1R, 1s, cis, trans)-2,2-dimethyl-3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl) cyclopropane carboxylate]and to investigate the synergistic effect of piperonyl butoxide on the cypermethrin toxicity. In cypermethrin (CYP) treated group, the biochemical parameters such as ALT, LDH, glucose in serum were remarkably elevated. The content of cytochrome P-450 and activity of NADPH-cytochrome c reductase in renal microsomal fraction were increased but those in hepatic microsomal fraction were not significantly increased. The activity of aniline hydroxylase and ATPase in liver were decreased. In the case of CYP plus piperonyl butoxide (PB) treated group, AST, ALT, LDH and glucose were more increased. Cytochrome P-450 and NADPH-cytochrome c reductase in liver and kidney were supressed and aniline hydroxylase and ATPase in liver were more decreased. Especially, in the case of CYP plus PB 100 mg/kg treated group, hepatic TBA value was increased but activity of glucose-6-phosphatase was remarkably depressed.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.68-76
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• 2000

Objectives: This experiment was conducted to verify the effects of Chungganhaeju-tang(Qingganjiejiu-tang) on the alcohol metabolism and liver functions, by measuring the activity levels of ADH and ALDH, as well as glucose, triglyceride, and BUN. Damage of the liver cells caused by alcohol was determined through the examination of serum levels of AST, ALT, ALP, LDH, and uric acid. Methods: Sprague-Dawley rats were used in this experiment and the rats were divided into control and experiment groups. Chungganhaeju-tang(Qingganjiejiu-tang) extract was orally administered in the experiment group for three weeks. Each group was further classified into two sub-groups, and control group's blood was taken without oral ingestion of alcohol, while the experiment group' s blood was withdrawn after ingestion of alcohol. Evaluation of damage level was done considering the presence of extract and alcohol. Results: In this experiment, Chungganhaeju-tang(Qingganjiejiu-tang) significantly suppressed the activity of ADH which is a precursor enzyme of acetaldehyde, but didn't cause significant changes in the activity of ALDH which is a catabolic enzyme. Decreased glucose level due to alcohol consumption was recovered back to the normal level and increased levels of triglyceride, BUN, AST, ALT, ALP, LDH, and uric acid were significantly reduced. Conclusions: These experiment results suggest that Chungganhaeju-tang(Qingganjiejiu-tang) inhibits the formation of acetaldehyde in the metabolism of alcohol, and affects the recovery of weakened liver functions due to alcohol.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.174-182
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• 2003

Purpose: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has been recognized as an important childhood liver disease, especially where the prevalence of childhood obesity is increasing. The purpose of this study is to clarify the usefulness of elevated serum aminotransferase activities and their ratio for predicting the presence of fatty liver and its severity in obese children. Methods: Forty-four children (M/F 29/15, age 4 to 16 years) with obesity (weight excess>20%) were analyzed retrospectively with medical records based on degree of obesity, bioelectrical impedence, serum aminotransferase activities, lipid profiles and ultrasonography. Results: 1) Ultrasonography was carried out in 34 cases. Elevated serum ALT was found in 89.7% (26/29) of the patients diagnosed as fatty liver by ultrasonography and decreased AST/ALT ratio (<1) was found in 96.6% (28/29). There was a strong correlation between elevated serum ALT (>45 IU/L) or decreased AST/ALT ratio (<1) and the fatty liver in obese children (p<0.05). 2) There was no significant correlation between the serum ALT or AST/ALT ratio and the degree of fatty liver (p>0.05). 3) There was a significant correlation between total cholesterol, triglyceride and fatty liver (p<0.05). Conclusion: Serum ALT activity and AST/ALT ratio were useful to predict the presence of fatty liver diagnosed by ultrasonography in obese children, whereas they were not useful to predict the degree of fatty liver. Therefore, to prevent fatty liver progressing to advanced liver disease, it is necessary to manage and monitor the obese children continuously, especially those who have predicting factors of fatty liver.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.268-273
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• 1998

The present study has been undertaken to investigate the effects of ginseng extract on the activities of several enzymes in serum of rats fed lard and alcohol. Thirty-five males of Sprague-Dawley strains weighed about 130 g were divided into 7 groups, each group receiving a different diet for 10 weeks; i.e. basal diet plus 15% lard, basal diet plus 5% alcohol, basal diet plus 5% ginseng extract, basal diet plus 15% lard and 5% ginseng extract. Determinations were carried out on the net weight gain, food efficiency ratio, weight of organs, and AST, ALT, lactate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase activities in serum of rats. The results obtained were as follows:Rats given feed containing lard and alcohol showed significant decrease in net weight gain, but ginseng extract caused an increase in food efficiency ratio. Lard supplementation caused an increase in the weight of liver, kidney, spleen, but another groups did not. AST, ALT, ALP, LDH of serum were significantly increased in lard and alcohol containing group but ginseng extract feeding decreased enzyme activities compared to lard and alcohol containing group. The above results suggest that ginseng extract would prevent the metabolic disease of liver by preventing hyperlipemia caused by high fat diet.