• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.12 no.10
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• pp.1759-1766
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• 2008

RFID middleware is the system software that converts EPC data collected from RFID reader devices into meaningful data, that users want, and transfers the result to the users with a variety of protocols. ALE specification, the RFID middleware specification proposed by EPCglobal that is a leading group of do facto international standards with respect to RFID, can handle only EPC code. Meanwhile, a new code system which is called KKR was proposed by NIDA in order to represent RFID tag data in a specific manner and cultivate the domestic RFID industry. In this case, the existing RFID middleware can not process KKR code system because of inherent attributes of the system. In this paper, we proposed a method of KKR code conversion to properly process KKR code in ALE middieware, implemented our method in real, and adopted it into existing ALE middleware. Also, we proposed a new URN format for RFID tag data to manipulate KKR code in ALE middleware. By using the proposed method, the existing ALE middleware conforming to international specification can handle KKR code effectively, and the integration among RFID middleware and legacy systems can be easily supported also.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.648-655
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• 2007

Nowadays, to realize ubiquitous computing environment, many research activities have been going on within various kinds of research domains including automatic identification sensor network, home network, telematics and so on. Especially, RFID middleware that supports the aggregation of RFID tag data, control and management, and the integration with legacy systems has recently gained a lot of attention. Meanwhile, EPCglobal defined an ALE(Application Level Events) standard specification, which exists between RFID readers and applications, and substitutes the previous systems called Savant. In the specification internal structures and implementation technologies of ALE are not mentioned and only external interfaces are defined. This approach easies the verification of standard compliance and inter-operability of the layer. In this paper, we present the design of ALE-compliant RFID middleware systems that process RFID tag data efficiently.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.80-89
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• 2008

Because of different hardware specifications, there are no unified protocol commands to use with various kinds of RFID readers. The current commercial RFID middlewares do not satisfy the various requirements from users to support business process logic representation. The EPCglobal, which is leading organization for the RFID research, suggested a RFID middleware architecture which is called ALE(Application Level Events) standard. However, their architecture also does not provide the application level's interfaces. Therefore, a new RFID middleware architecture is required to provide basic RFID functions, conform to ALE's specification and, additionally, support application level's business logic representation. This paper proposes a ALE-based RFID middleware architecture which provides business process logic representation. At first, the basic RFID control functionalities are identified. Secondly, the business process logic requirements in RFID applications are identified and classified Into six categories. Third, the Middelware architecture is implemented with Java and XML technology so that it can easily extended to support the various RFID hardware's protocols. Finally, an example RFID prototype system is developed to show the proposed architecture's feasibility and validate it. The proposed middleware is expected to be used In various application areas since it is using XML technology for easy adaptation and it also con- forms to ALE interface which is standard specification.

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.469-473
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• 2006

Nowadays, to realize ubiquitous computing environment, many research activities have been going on within various kinds of research domains including automatic identification, sensor network, home network, telematics and so on. Especially, RFID middle-ware that supports the aggregation of RFID tag data, control and management, and the integration with legacy systems has recently gained a lot of attention. Meanwhile, EPCglobal defined an ALE(Application Level Events) standard specification, which exists between RFID readers and applications, and substitutes the previous systems called Savant. In the specification internal structures and implementation technologies of ALE are not mentioned and only external interfaces are defined. This approach easies the verification of standard compliance and inter-operability of the layer. In this paper, we present the design of ALE-compliant RFID middle-ware systems that process RFID tag data efficiently.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.12 no.9
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• pp.1554-1563
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• 2008

As the interests on RFID technologies increase, a lot of research activities on RFID middleware systems to handle the data acquired by RFID readers are going on actively. Meanwhile, even though various kinds of RFID middleware methodologies and related techniques have been proposed, the common data type which is dealt with in those systems is an EPC code, mainly. Also, there are few researches of the implementation of collecting the stream data queued from RFID readers endlessly and without blocking, classifying the data into some groups according to usage, and sending the resulting data to specific applications. In this paper, we propose the method of data handling in RFID middleware to efficiently process an EPC event stream data using detail filtering, checking of data modification, creation of data set to transfer, data grouping, and various kinds of RFID data format transform. Our method is based on a de facto international standard interface defined in the ALE middleware specification by EPCglobal, and application and service users can directly set various kinds of conditions to handle the stream data.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2008.05a
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• pp.541-544
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• 2008

e-비즈니스 환경 하에서 전자적 데이터 교환 또는 WEB을 이용한 비즈니스 트랜잭션 처리를 통해 산업 부분별 자동화나 정보화가 활발히 진행되었다. 전자적으로 데이터를 처리함으로 인해 기존 오프라인을 이용한 비즈니스 환경 보다는 처리 속도나 처리 시간이 단축되었으며 비용도 많이 절감되었다. 그러나 점차 실시간적으로 데이터를 처리하거나 실시간적으로 화물에 대한 흐름을 추적하고자 하는 사용자들의 요구사항이 도출되기 시작하였다. 이에 RFID, USN 등의 유비쿼터스 개념과 기술을 이용한 u-비즈니스가 도입되어 각 분야에 활발히 적용되고 있다. 특히 유통이나 운송 등 물류 분야에 유비쿼터스 기술이 적용됨으로 실시간으로 데이터를 수집할 수 있어 화물의 흐름 추적을 용이할 수 있는 기반이 되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 새로운 비즈니스 환경에 적합하도록 EPC Global 표준에 따라 개발된 RFID 미들웨어를 항만 물류 비즈니스에 적용할 수 있는 비즈니스 모델을 정의하였다. 또한 정의한 비즈니스 모델을 항만 물류 분야에 적용한 사례와 적용 결과에 대해 논의하고자 한다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2005.11b
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• pp.19-21
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• 2005

EPCglobal은 RFID와 관련된 다양한 분야의 표준화를 주도하고 있으며 응용 표준으로써 Tag 정보의 운용을 위한 미들웨어 표준인 ALE Specification을 제시하였다. ALE의 ECSpec은 애플리케이션이 미들웨어에 등록하는 이벤트 필터링을 위한 스펙으로써 일정 시간동안 반복적으로 수행되는 연속 질의와 유사한 특성을 가진다. ECSpec을 연속질의로 변환할 때 해당질의의 WHERE절이 가지는 Predicate는 매우 긴 길이를 가지는 Long Interval이 된다. 이러한 특성은 기존의 질의 색인들의 삽입과 검색 성능을 저하시키는 문제점을 가진다. 이 논문에서는 ECSpec을 연속 질의의 형태로 변환하고 해당 질의가 기지는 Predicate인 2D Interval의 특성을 반영한 새로운 질의 색인 구조로써 TLC-Index를 제안한다. 색인 구조는 그리드 방식의 큰 크기를 가지는 셀 분할 구조와 선분 모양의 가상 분할 구조를 병행하는 하이브리드 구조이다. 색인에서 Long Interval의 정의는 셀 분할 구조의 길이보다. 크거나 같은 길이를 가지는 interval이다. 제안하는 색인은 Long Interval을 큰 크기를 가지는 셀 분할 구조로 분할 삽입함으로써 저장 공간의 소모를 줄이고 삽입 성능을 향상시킨다. 또한 Short Interval들을 짧은 길이를 가지는 가상 분할 구조들로 분할 삽입함으로써 그리드 방식이 가질 수 있는 부분적 겹침을 제거하여 검색 성능을 향상시킨다.

• Journal of KIISE:Databases
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• v.34 no.2
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• pp.166-178
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• 2007

The ALE specification of EPCglobal is leading the development of RFID standards, includes the Event Cycle Specification (ECSpec) describing how long a cycle is, how to filter RFID tag data and which reader is interested in. The ECSpec is a specification for filtering and collecting RFID tag data. It is registered to a middleware for long time and is evaluated to return results satisfying the requirements included in it. Thus, it is quite similar to the continuous query. It can be transformed into a continuous query as its predicate in WHERE clause is characterized by the long interval. Long intervals cause problems deteriorating insertion and search performance of existing query indices. In this paper, we propose a TLC-index as a new query index structure for long interval data. The TLC-index has hybrid structure that uses the cell construct of CQI-index with the virtual construct of VCR-index for partitioning long intervals. The TLC-index can reduce the storage cost and improve the insertion performance through decomposing long intervals into one or more cell constructs that have long size. It can also improve the search performance through decomposing short intervals into one or more virtual constructs that have short size enough to fit into those intervals.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.605-611
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• 2019

The fuel sloshing due to the rapid manoeuvre of the aircraft causes significant loads on internal components, which may break components or piping. In particular, a significant load is applied to the joint of the external fuel tank by sloshing movement, which may affect the safety of the aircraft when the joint of the external fuel tank is damaged. Therefore, in order to improve the survivability of aircraft and crew members, the design of external fuel tanks, and joints should be performed after evaluating the sloshing load through a numerical analysis of the fuel sloshing conditions. In this paper, a numerical analysis was performed on the sloshing test of the external fuel tank for rotorcraft. ALE (Arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian) technique was used, and the test conditions specified in the U.S. Military Specification (MIL-DTL-27422D) was applied as the conditions for numerical analysis. As a result of the numerical analysis, the load on the joint of the external fuel tank was calculated. Moreover, the effects of sloshing movement on structural soundness were assessed through analysis of stress levels and margin of safety on metal fittings and composite containers.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.129-139
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• 2001

The purpose of this study is to suggest the standard size specification of the apparel item as finding out apparel products'sizing problem in the domestic and foreign interned shopping malls. Though that, to suggest basic data of web page offered sizing system given to consumer higher satisfaction and based on ISO (International Organization For Standardization), domestic industry standard and service related size. The summarized findings are as follow. 1. The result of size description research, the size description system between internet site were very different, in addition in the department shopping malls it was different by manufacturing industry. Also in domestic and foreign shopping malls, It was not correspond to ISO and domestic industry standard, used Numeric and Alphabetical size. In the foreign shopping mall it distinguish body type and age group. 2. The result of consumer's satisfaction, the superior fashion malls were Samsung, LG, Fashionpia in the domestic shopping mall, were Gap, JCPenny, Jcrew in the foreign shopping malls. In the total group, 1-5 grades were ranked in the foreign shopping malls. 3. Satisfaction of the foreign fashion mall was higher than that of the domestic fashion malls. Exactly, foreign fashion mall described size chart, size description, product size and body size measuring method but domestic fashion malls didn't describe that. Domestic fashion malls need sizing system development given to consumer higher satisfaction. In addition sizing system based on ISO and domestic industry standard and subdivided to body type and ale group must be studied. Aloe, fashion information, coordination information and product explanation must be reinforced.