• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.151-154
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• 2008

Dramatic price increases of fossil fuels and the economic development of emerging nations accelerates the transformation of forest lands into monocultures, e.g. for biofuel production. On this account, cost efficient methods to enable the monitoring of land resources has become a vital ambition. The application of remote sensing techniques has become an integral part of forest attribute estimation and mapping. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potentials of the kNN method by combining terrestrial with remotely sensed data for the development of a pixel-based monitoring system for the small scaled mosaic of different land use types of the off-reserve forests of the Goaso forest district in Ghana, West Africa. For this reason, occurrence and distribution of land use types like cocoa and non-timber forest resources, such as bamboo and raphia palms, were estimated, applying the kNN method to ASTER satellite data. Averaged overall accuracies, ranging from 79% for plantain, to 83% for oil palms, were found for single-attribute classifications, whereas a multi-attribute approach showed overall accuracies of up to 70%. Values of k between 3 and 6 seem appropriate for mapping bamboo. Optimisation of spectral bands improves results considerably.

• Smart Structures and Systems
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.1065-1094
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• 2014

Civil engineers always face the challenge of uncertainty in planning, building, and maintaining infrastructure. These works rely heavily on a variety of surveying and monitoring techniques. Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are an effective approach to obtain information from an additional view, and potentially bring significant benefits to civil engineering. This paper gives an overview of the state of UAV developments and their possible applications in civil engineering. The paper begins with an introduction to UAV hardware, software, and control methodologies. It also reviews the latest developments in technologies related to UAVs, such as control theories, navigation methods, and image processing. Finally, the paper concludes with a summary of the potential applications of UAV to seismic risk assessment, transportation, disaster response, construction management, surveying and mapping, and flood monitoring and assessment.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.23-29
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• 2011

Objective : The aim of the study is to determine the efficacy of indocyanine green (ICG) videoangiography for confirmation of vascular anastomosis patency in both extracranial-intracranial and intracranial-intracranial bypasses. Methods : Intraoperative ICG videoangiography was used as a surgical adjunct for 56 bypasses in 47 patients to assay the patency of intracranial vascular anastomosis. These patients underwent a bypass for cerebral ischemia in 31 instances and as an adjunct to intracranial aneurysm surgery in 25. After completion of the bypass, ICG was administered to assess the patency of the graft. The findings on ICG videoangiography were then compared to intraoperative and/or postoperative imaging. Results : ICG provided an excellent visualization of all cerebral arteries and grafts at the time of surgery. Four grafts were determined to be suboptimal and were revised at the time of surgery. Findings on ICG videoangiography correlated with intraoperative and/or postoperative imaging. Conclusion : ICG videoangiography is rapid, effective, and reliable in determining the intraoperative patency of bypass grafts. It provides intraoperative information allowing revision to reduce the incidence of technical errors that may lead to early graft thrombosis.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.279-287
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• 2002

Successive 24 snow samples, collected from a 1.2m snow pit at a site on the summit of Main Dome in King George Island, Antarctic Peninsula, were measured for heavy metals such as Pb, Cd, Cu, and Zn and other chemical species. The mean concentrations of heavy metals are 3.48pg/g for Pb, 0.10pg/g for Cd, 16.6 pg/g for Cu and 15.8 pg/g for Zn, respectively. Pb and Cd concentrations observed in our samples are very comparable to those reported for recent snow at other Antarctic sites, while Zn and Cu levels are much higher than those at other sites. The annual fallout fluxes of all heavy metals approximately calculated are, however, much greater in King George Island than at other sites. With respect to the estimates of natural contributions, sea salt spray is found to be a major contributor to Cd and Zn inputs to the snow and minor to Cu inputs. On the other hand, the anthropogenic input can account for a large part of Pb concentrations. A tentative estimate represents that local emissions could be responsible for more than half of the excess Pb flux to the snow in King George Island.

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.100-106
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• 1989

Die Titan-Augite sind die dominierenden Einsprenglings- und Grundmassephasen in allen tephritischen Gesteinen im Kaiserstuhl. Mg-Werte ($Mg/Mg+Fe^{2+}+Mn$) der Pyroxene schwanken von 60-85. Der FATS- und TITS-Anteil nimmt von phonolithischem Basanit und -Tephrit zum fraktionierten phonolithischen Tephrit hin ab. Die Kpx der einzelnen Gesteinsgruppen zeigen auch einen Fraktionier-ungstrend, der durch Abnahme von Si und Zunahme von Al vom phonolithischen Basanit und -Tephrit zum fraktionierten phonolithischen Tephrit gekennzeichnet ist. Der in Alkaligesteinen gewohnlich auftretende $gr{\ddot{u}}ne$ Kern der Px ist Fe-reicher und $Ti-{\ddot{a}}rmer$ als der $hellbra{\ddot{u}}nliche$-farblose Rand. Die $gr{\ddot{u}}nen$ Kerne weisen $gegen{\ddot{u}}ber$ den $hellbr{\ddot{a}}unlichen$ Randern $h{\ddot{o}}here$ $Na/Fe^{+3}$-Verhaltnisse auf.

• STI Policy Review
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.23-42
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• 2010

The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA), known widely as the "stimulus" bill, developed by the U.S. Congress and President-elect Obama in late 2008 and early 2009, is investing a significant portion of its $787 billion infusion of funds in future-oriented programs intended not only to "jump-start" the stalled American economy, but to promote the development of renewable energy sources and increase energy efficiency in appliances, buildings, transportation, and other sectors of the economy. These investments are expected both to create immediate employment in green industries and to build a more sustainable society in the long term. The Obama Administration's green energy initiatives are part of a larger emphasis on science and technology within its agenda. It has roots in the Obama campaign and is supported by an unusually strong science and technology team. Much of the activity is centered in the Department of Energy, which received a huge one-time increase in its fiscal year 2009 budget to support the new and expanded programs. Areas that have been neglected by the federal government R&D program for many years, including smart grid technology, solar, wind, and geothermal energy, received large boosts. Many of these programs - and, in fact, the broader concept of government involvement in commercial innovation - are politically controversial Previous attempts to expand research in these areas by liberal Democratic administrations and Congresses have been criticized and sometimes thwarted by conservatives. Whether President Obama's efforts will meet with more success, both politically and technologically, remains to be seen.

• Journal of the Korean Graphic Arts Communication Society
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.31-44
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• 2010

Ever since the introduction of offset lithography, an operator have looked for ways to improve the process by reducing need for dampening solution. Lithography like off-set printing is processed using the repellent properties between water and oil, so all inks for lithography printing must work with dampening solution. The dampening solution may cause the emulsification of ink by the printing pressure in the printing nip. Emulsified ink changed viscosity, tack and causes problems such as bad transfer, uniform density and printed mottle. For a high quality web printing, we studied the effect of emulsified heat-set web inks on the printability, such as amount of ink transfer, printed density and uniformity. For this study, we were carried out by using IGT printability tester C1. For determination of ink properties using the spread meter and Thwing Albert Ink-o-meter, and using the densitometer and image analysis for printed quality determination. The experimental results of this study, we look forward to can be used as the basis for improve of the web print quality.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.633-639
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• 2004

The expression of therapeutic transgenes in recombinant adenoviral vectors is a major cause of toxicity in dividing cancer cells as well as non dividing normal cells. To solve the problem of toxicity to normal cells, we have reported on a recombinant adenoviral vector system （AdLP-） in which the expression of the transgene is directed by the tumor-specific L-plastin promoter （LP） （Chung et al., 1999）. The object of this study was to generate a recombinant adenoviral vector system which would generate tumor cell specific expression of cytosine deaminase （CD） gene. We report the construction of a replication-incompetent adenoviral vector in which CD is driven by the L-plastin promoter （AdLPCD）. Infection of 293 cells by AdLPCD generated the functional CD protein as measured by HPLC analysis for the conversion of 5-Fluorocy-tosine （5-FC） to 5-Fluorouracil （5-FU）. HPLC analysis in conjunction with counting radioactivity for ［6-$^3$H］-5FC and ［6-$^3$H］-5FU demonstrated vector dose-dependent conversion of 5-FC to 5-FU in AdLPCD infected ovarian cancer cells. The results from present and previous studies（Peng et al., 2001； Akbulut et al., 2003） suggest that the use of the AdLPCD／5-FC system may be of value in the treatment of cancer including microscopic ovarian cancer in the peritoneal cavity.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.42 no.1
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• pp.43-46
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• 2016

Ameloblastic carcinoma is a malignant form of ameloblastoma defined by histological evidence of malignancy in primary, recurrent, or metastatic tumor. Such a tumor is rare, and the maxilla is an unusual site. Due to its rarity, the characteristics of this tumor in the maxilla have not been well described. Case 1: A 55-year-old, ill-appearing Nigerian male presented to our center with left maxillary swelling of seven-year duration. The swelling had been slow-growing and painless until one year prior, when the growth became rapid and was coupled with severe pain. The swelling affected both oral function and facial esthetics, and the patient reported difficulty breathing. There was a maxillary, ulcerated swelling extending from teeth 12 to 18 and blocking the left nostril. The involved teeth were moderately mobile. Case 2: A 32-year-old male farmer presented with recurrent right maxillary swelling of six-year duration. Prior to this episode, he had undergone surgery for ameloblastoma (follicular type). The present swelling was fungating through the skin and protruding into the right nostril. Ameloblastic carcinoma is an aggressive odontogenic tumor that requires aggressive surgical treatment.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.67.3-68
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• 2016

We present evidence of the bar driven secular evolution on disks from z~0.8 to z~0.01. Using $3.6{\mu}m$ images of nearby galaxies from the Spitzer Survey of Stellar Structure in Galaxies (S4G) and images from the Cosmological Evolution Survey (COSMOS), we find that barred galaxies show a light deficit in the disk surrounding the bar within the bar radius. We quantify this light deficit and find that galaxies with a stronger bar (longer, higher Bar/T) show a more pronounced light deficit. We examine snapshots from N-body simulations and confirm that as a barred galaxy evolves, the bar becomes longer and the light deficit becomes more pronounced. Theoretical studies have predicted that bars evolve by capturing nearby disk stars and employing them to make the bar more elongated and stronger. Therefore the light deficit in the disk is likely produced by bars, and thus bars play a major role in shaping their host galaxies, redistributing not only the gaseous but also the stellar mass within galaxies, with important consequences to their subsequent evolution.