• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.147-152
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• 2006

AH-26 근관실러가 상아질에 대한 복합레진의 전단결합강도에 미치는 영향을 평가하기 위하여 144개의 발거된 대구치를 실린더형의 몰드에 매식한 다음 치관부의 상아질 표면을 노출시킨 후 편평하게 연마하고 AH-26을 도포한 군, ZOE paste를 도포한 군 및 실러를 도포하지 않은 대조군으로 나누어 One-step 상아질 접착제를 처리한 후에 Charisma (Heraeus Kulzer Germany) 복합레진을 적용하고 광중합시켰다. 시편을 분리하여 $37^{\circ}C$ 항온조에 24시간 보관후 Instron test machine (Model 4202, Instron Corp. USA)을 이용하여 시편의 전단 결합 강도를 측정하고 one-way ANOVA 및 Tukey's studentized rank test로 통계 분석 하였다. AH-26 근관실러로 처리한 군과 대조군은 ZOE 근관실러 처리군에 비해 유의하게 놓은 접착강도를 나타내었다(p<0.05). AH-26 근관실러 처리군과 아무 처리하지 않은 대조군 사이에는 결합강도에 있어 유의한 차이를 나타내지 않았다 (p>0.05). 본 연구의 조건에서는 ZOE 근관실러는 상아질에 대한 복합레진의 전단결합강도를 저하시키는 반면 AH-26 근관실러는 유의한 영향을 미치지는 않는 것으로 보인다. 따라서 임상에서 근관실러로 AH-26을 사용한 근관충전 후에는 즉시 복합레진 코어를 해 주어도 결합력에 저해가 없을 것으로 여겨진다.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.17-23
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• 2014

Objectives: This study evaluated the efficacy of Endosolv-R and Xylene in softening epoxy resin based sealer after 1 to 2 min exposure. Materials and Methods: Sixty Teflon molds ($6mm{\times}1.5mm$ in inner diameter and depth) were equally divided into 3 groups of 20 each. AH 26 (Dentsply/De Trey), AH Plus (Dentsply/De Trey), Adseal (Meta-Biomed) were manipulated and placed in the molds allotted to each group and allowed to set at $37^{\circ}C$ in 100% humidity for 2 wk. Each group was further divided into 2 subgroups according to the solvents used, i.e. Xylene (Lobachemie) and Endosolv-R (Septodont). Specimens in each subgroup were exposed to respective solvents for 1 and 2 min and the corresponding Vicker's microhardness (HV) was assessed. Data was analysed by Mauchly's test and two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with repeated measures, and one-way ANOVA. Results: Initial hardness was significantly different among the three sealers with AH Plus having the greatest and Adseal having the least. After 2 min, Xylene softened AH Plus and Adseal sealer to 11% and 25% of their initial microhardness, respectively (p < 0.001), whereas AH 26 was least affected, maintaining 89.4% of its initial microhardness. After 2 min, Endosolv-R softened AH 26, AH Plus and Adseal to 12.7, 5.6 and 8.1% of their initial microhardness, respectively (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Endosolv-R was a significantly more effective short term softener for all the tested sealers after 2 min whereas Xylene was an effective short term softener against AH plus and Adseal but less effective against AH 26.

• 구강회복응용과학지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.95-104
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• 2007

I. Objective The primary requirement of an endodontic root canal sealer is the biologic compatibility, because they remain in close contact with living periapical tissues over a long period of time. The aim of this study was the evaluation of cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of resin-based root canal sealers, AH 26 and ADSEAL. II. Material & Methods In this study, human periodontal ligament cells, human oral cancer cells (KB) and mouse osteoblasts (MC-3T3-E1) were used. Specimens of AH26, ADSEAL were eluted with culture medium for 1, 3, 5 and 7 days. Cytotoxicity was evaluated by using tetrazolium bromide reduction assay (MTT assay) for mitochondrial enzyme activity and cell viability. Genotoxicity was evaluated by using alkaline single cell gel electrophoresis assay (Comet assay). Also cell apoptosis induced by AH 26 was detected by Hoechst33258 staining. III. Results AH 26 and ADSEAL exhibited cytotoxic effects in all investigated cell groups. Genotoxicity was also noted for both sealers in mouse osteoblasts (MC-3T3-E1). But, ADSEAL presented significantly low cytotoxicity and genotoxicity compared with AH 26. Cytotoxicity and genotoxicity induced by AH 26 resulted in apopotosis. IV. Conclusion Our results clearly indicate that the recently invented ADSEAL has better biocompatibility than another resin based root canal sealer, AH 26. However ideal root canal sealer should have not only biocompatibility but also satisfactory physico-chemical properties such as sealing ability and stability. Thus continuous studies and developments should follow.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.156-172
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• 1993

The purpose of this study was to evaluate for the cytotoxicity of root canal sealers - Tubliseal, N2, AH26, and Sealapex - on fibroblasts cultivated from human periodontal ligament. Succinate dehydrogenase activity test and $^{51}Cr$ release test were performed to evaluate the shortterm cytotoxicity. According to l,3 and 6 days vital cell count and $^{14}C$-leucine incorporation rate to fibroblasts were evaluated. The results of this study were as follows: 1. In the test of SDH activity by millipore filter method, Sealapex showed mild cytotoxicity but Tubliseal, N2 and AH26 showed severe cytotoxicity. 2. In $^{51}Cr$ release test, Tubliseal was the most cytotoxic sealer tested, and rank ordered the relative cytotoxicity of the other sealers tested as follows: AH26, N2, Sealapex. 3. In the test of viable cell count, cytotoxicity in Tubliseal was continued because vital cell number reduced with time. Because vital cell was not showed in N2 and AH26 at 1 day, it was recognized that N2 and AH26 exhibited severe cytotoxicity. In Sealapex, vital cell number increased remarkably with time, so it showed that cytotoxicity decreased with time. 4. In $^{14}C$-leucine incorporation rate test, protein sythesis was not produced in Tubliseal, N2 and AH26 after 3 days, it showed that cytotoxicity in Tubliseal, N2 and AH26 was severe. Although protein synthesis in Sealapex decreased with time, it continued after 6 days. Therefore Sealapex has been exhibited mild cytotoxicity.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.207-211
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• 2002

항균 활성도는 Root canal sealer가 갖추어야 할 필수요소 중 하나이다. 본 연구는 최근 임상술식에 사용되고 있는 8종의 root canal sealer의 근관내 혐기성 세균에 대한 항균효과를 알아보기 위해 시행되었다. 또한 본 연구에서는 혼합직후의 경화되지 않은 sealer와 경화 7일 후 sealer의 항균효과도 비교하였다. 항균효과 측정을 위해 사용된 균주는 최근 실패한 근관치료 증례에서 배양되어 보고된 바 있는 Enterococcus faecalis와 근관내 주요 감염균인 그램음성 혐기성세균인 Staphylococcus aureus를 대상으로 하였고, Agar diffusion test 방법을 사용하였다. 실험방법으로는 2개의 paper disk에 신선하게 혼합한 각각의 sealer를 도포하여 한개의 disk는 즉시 실험에 사용하고 다른 한개의 disk는 일주일간 혐기성 배양기에서 경화시킨 다음 사용한다 각각의 균주를 Brucellar blood agar plate에 접종한 다음, sealer가 도포된 paper disk를 plate상에 올려놓는다. 대조군으로는 식염수에 침윤시킨 disc를 같은 방법으로 각 실험단계에 사용한다. 각 plate를 혐기성 배양기에서 48시간동안 배양한 뒤 실험에 사용한 sealer의 항균효과를 6mm paper-disk를 둘러싼 inhibition zone을 측정하여 평가한다. Fisher's PLSD분석방법 결과 E. faecalis에 대하여 경화 전과 후의 AH26모두 경화 전과 후의 Roth 801, Dentalis, Apexit, AH Plus, RSA그리고 경화 후의 MCS보다 유의성 있게 강한 항균효과를 나타내는 것으로 보고되었으며. 경화 후의 AH26은 경화 전의 AH 26, 경화 전의 Ketac Endo, 경화 전의 MCS보다 통계학적으로 유의성이 있는 항균작용을 하는 것이 관찰되었다 (p＜0.05). 경화 후 Roth 801, 경화전과 후의 Dentalis, AH plus, Apexit, RSA는 E. faecalis에 대한 항균효과를 나타내지 못하였다. S. aureus에 대하여 경화후의 AH26이 경화 전과 후의 Roth 801, Apexit, AH Plus, RSA보다 유의성있는 항균효과를 보이는 것을 발견 할 수 있었고, 경화 전의 AH 26이 경화 후의 AH plus보다 나은 항균효과를 나타냄을 알 수 있었다. 또, 경화 전과 후의 Apexit, 경화 후의 AH Plus, 경화 전과 후의 RSA에서는 S. aureus에 대한 항균작용이 발견되지 않았다. 본 실험의 결과 AH26이 가장 강한 항균 작용을 갖는 것을 알 수 있었으며, 각 sealer의 경화 전과 후의 항균효과는 AH26이 경화 전보다 경화 후에서 더 강한 항균효과를 나타내는 것 이외에는 효과의 차이가 없었다.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.141-152
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• 2001

Eliminating the infecting bacteria of the root canal system and preventing reinfection must be the main objectives of all endodontic works. None of commercially available root canal sealers have the properties of desirable tissue compatibility and strong antibacterial activity. The purpose of this study is to develope an ideal root canal sealer using commercially available polyphosphate (polyP), Calgon, which is known to be antibacterial and safe. For the study. resin type AH26, zinc oxide eugenol type Tubli Seal. Ca(OH)$_2$ type Apexit as base sealers for polyP (0~3%) and para formaldehyde containing N2 as a control base were selected. Specimens (3$\times$4mm) of the sealers were prepared in a 37$^{\circ}C$ incubator for 3 and 10 days and their antibacterial activity against streptococci and black pigmented anaerobic rods was observed using an agar diffusion method. The result were as follows: 1. Among 3 day old root canal sealers. N2 as a positive control showed the strongest antibacterial effect. followed by AH26. Tubli Seal and. Apexit which barely showed antibacterial activity against the test bacteria. In contrast. 10 day old AH26 showed a greater antibacterial activity than 10 day old N2. 2. All sealer specimens showed a greater antibacterial activity against black pigmented anaerobic rods than streptococci. Three day old ones appeared to be more antibacterial than 10 day old ones except for Apexit. 3. As compared to N2, 3 day old AH26 demonstrated a similar antibacterial activity against black pig mented anaerobic rods but to a lesser extent to streptococci. Ten day old AH26 showed a greater antibacterial activity against black pigmented anaerobic rods than 10 day old N2. 4. As compared to AH26. Tubli Seal generally revealed a lower antibacterial activity but it showed a greater antibacterial activity aginst S. gordonii Challis. 5. Enhancement of antibacterial activity by polyP was more clearly observed when it was added to Ca(OH)$^{\circ}C$ based root canal sealers. Tubli Seal and N2. 6. The addition of polyP enhanced the antibacterial activity of 3 day old AH26 against S. gordonii G9B (16%) and Challis (29%), and P. gingivalis 2561 (24%) only. Moreover, polyP failed to increase antibacterial activity of 10 day old AH26 against the test strains but P. gingivalis A7A1 28(13%). 7. The addition of polyP increased the antibacterial effect of 3 day old Tubli Seal on several test bacteria including s. mutans GS 5 (50%). s. gordonii G9B (47%) and Challis (122%). and all the test strains of P. gingivalis (13~35%) except for 9 14K 1. The addition of polyP to 10 day old Tubli Seal increased antibacterial activity of the root canal sealer against most test strains. 8. 3 day old Apexit failed to show antibacterial activity. if any very little against S. mutans GS 5 and Pr. intermedia ATCC 49046. However. polyP increased its antibacterial activity by 50 and 69%, respectively. Increase of antibacterial activity of 10 day old Apexit by polyP was more clearly observed than that of 3 day old one.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.36-49
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• 2006

본 연구의 목적은 기존 상용화된 근관 봉함재인 레진계 봉함재 (AH 26, AH Plus), 산화 아연 유지놀계 봉함재(Tubliseal EWT Pulp Canal Sealer EWT), 수산화 칼슘계 봉함재 (Sealapex), 기존의 인산삼칼슘계 봉함재(Sankin Apatite type I, II, III)와 새로이 개발된 인산칼슘계 근관 봉함재 (CAPSEAL I, CAPSEAL II)의 세포독성과 유전독성을 비교 평가하고자 하였다. MTT test를 통해 세포독성을 평가하였으며 미생물을 이용한 복귀돌연변이 시험 (Ames test)으로 유전독성을 평가하였다. 이 연구의 결과는 아래와 같다. 1. 즉시군이 24시간군에 비해 MTT assay에서 세포독성이 높게 나타났다 (p<0.001). 2. 즉시군에서 CAPSEAL I과 CAPSEAL II는 AH 26, AH Plus, Tubliseal EWT Pulp Canal Sealer EWT, Sealapex와 SARCS II 보다 낮은 세포독성을 보였다 (p<0.01). 3. 즉시군에서 AH 26은 TA98과 TA100에 각각 S9 fraction을 처리한 경우와 그렇지 않은 경우 모두 유전독성을 나타냈으며, AH Plus 또한 TA100에 S9 fraction을 처리한 경우와 그렇지 않은 경우 유전독성을 나타냈다. 4. 즉시군에서 Tubliseal EWT, Pulp Canal Sealer EWT Sealapex가 TA100균주에 S9 fraction을 처리하였을 때 유전독성 양성반응이 나타났으며, 그 외의 경우는 모두 음성반응을 나타냈다. 5. 24시간군에서는 SARCS II가 TA98균주에서 S9 fraction처리했을 때와 처리하지 않았을 때 모두 유전독성이 나타났고, AH 26은 TA98에 S9 fraction을 처리하였을 때 유전독성이 나타났다 그 외의 경우는 모두 음성반응을 보였다. 6. CAPSEAL I과 CAPSEAL II는 유전독성에서 모두 음성반응을 나타냈다. 7. CAPSEAL I과 CAPSEAL II 두 근관봉함재 간에는 세포독성실험과 유전독성실험에서 즉시군과 24시간군 모두에서 통계학적으로 유의할 만한 차이를 보이지 않았다.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.98-106
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• 2008

본 연구에서는 근관 세척법이 두 가지 근관 충전재 (Gutta-percha/AH 26 sealer, Resilon/Epiphany sealer)의 근관 상아질과의 접착에 미치는 영향을 평가하였다. 총 30개의 발거된 상악 전치를 각각 5개씩 6개의 군으로 분류하여 근관 성형을 하고 마지막 세척을 다음과 같이 시행한 후 G1, G2, G3 군은 Gutta-percha/AH 26 sealer로, R1, R2, R3 군은 Resilon/Epiphany sealer로 근관 충전하였다. G1, R1군 : 5.25% NaOCl 세척 G2, R2군 : 5.25% NaOCl 세척 후 sterile saline세척 G3, R3군 : 5.25% NaOCl 세척 후 17% EDTA, sterile saline 순으로 세척 각 군의 충전된 치아를 아크릴 레진에 매몰하고 약 1 mm두께로 절단한 후 만능 물성 시험기상에서 push-out bond strength를 측정하였고 실험 후 파절 양상을 Image-analyzing microscope으로 관찰하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. Gutta-percha/AH 26 sealer 충전군에서 Resilon/Epiphany sealer 충전군보다 push-out bond strength가 높게 나타났다 (p < 0.05). 2. Resilon/Epiphany sealer 충전군 중 17% EDTA, sterile saline순으로 세척시 5.25% NaOCl 세척에 비해 push-out bond strength가 높게 나타났다 (p < 0.05). 3. 파절 양상을 분석시 모든 군은 접착성과 혼합성 파절 양상을 나타내었고, G1, G2, R1 군은 응집성 파절 양상이 나타나지 않았으며, Resilon/Epiphany sealer 충전군은 Gutta-percha/AH 26 sealer 충전군에 비해 응집성과 혼합성 파절 양상이 더 높은 비율로 나타났다.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.481-490
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• 2016

This study was designed to examine the effects of Allium hookeri (AH) on plasma blood glucose and fat profile levels in diabetic rats. Diabetes mellitus was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats through injection of streptozotocin (STZ) dissolved in citrate buffer into tail veins at a dose of 45 mg/kg of body weight. Sprague-Dawley rats were then fed for 4weeks, with the experimental groups receiving a modified diet containing 5% or 10% powder derived from AH roots. The experimental groups were divided into four groups, consisting of a control group, STZ-control group, and diabetic fed with AH 5% & 10% treated groups. Rats' body weights, blood glucose, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglyceride (TG), and free fatty acid (FFA) values in plasma were measured along with hematocrit (Hct) values and aminotransferase activities. Body weight losses were observed in the STZ-control group, whereas the STZ-AH group of diabetic rats gained weight. There was a significantly decrease in brain weight of the STZ-AH group but no significant differences in kidney and liver weights of the STZ-AH 5% & STZ-AH 10% groups compared to the STZ-control group. Blood glucose was significantly reduced in the STZ-AH 5% & STZ-AH 10% diabetic groups. There were no significant differences in total cholesterol and TG levels among the diabetic groups. HDL-cholesterol significantly increased while FFA significantly decreased in the STZ-AH 5% & STZ-AH 10% diabetic groups. The Hct level of the STZ-AH group was lower than that of the STZ-control group. Aspartate aminotransferase activity was significantly reduced in the STZ-AH 5% & STZ-AH 10% diabetic groups. These results indicate that supplementation with Allium hookeri root may have beneficial effects on diabetic complications as a potential therapeutic candidate.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.190-199
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• 1991

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial effect of root canal cements such as AH-26, Sealapex, Canals and Apatite root sealers(Type I, II, III) and to determine the efficacy of their activities. S.mutans(AHT), S.sanguis(NCTC 9811) and B.gingivalis(381) were streaked on blood agar and the PVC tybes filled with root canal cements were applied on. Then the microorganisms were cultured for 48 hours, anaerobically. B.cereus(KCTC 1012) was streaked on nutrient agar, PVC tubes were applied on and were cultured for 48 hours, aerobically. The inhibition zones of root canal cements were measured with vernier caliper. The data statistically analyzed, and the results were as followed. 1. Apatite root sealers(Type I, II, III) showed no inhibition zones. 2. AH-26, Sealapex and Canals had inhibition zones with varying degrees. The inhibition zone of AH-26 was greatest and followed by Canals and Sealapex(P<0.01). 3. As time goes by after mixing the root canal cements, AH-26, Canals and Sealapex showed significantly reducing inhibition zones(P<0.01). 4. There were the least inhibition zones of all the root canal cements on S.mutans and followed in such order as; B.gingivalis, S.sanguis and B.cereus(P<0.01).