• Title/Summary/Keyword: AH (Horizontal Angle)

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Effects of the Handle Width, Height and Horizontal Angle on the Pushing, Lifting and Twisting Forces Required for the Handling of Barrows (손잡이 너비, 높이, 수평 각도가 손수레 운전에 필요한 밀기, 들기, 회전 힘에 미치는 영향)

  • Kim, Kyoung-Ah;Lee, Ho-Cheol;Song, Young-Woong
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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    • v.26 no.1
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    • pp.58-64
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    • 2011
  • This study evaluated the effects of the handle width(shoulder width, 1.25${\times}$shoulder width, 1.5${\times}$shoulder width), height(3 levels : knee, medium, knuckle) and horizontal angle($0^{\circ}$, $10^{\circ}$) on the pushing, lifting, and twisting strengths which were required for carrying single or two wheel barrows. Twelve healthy college students(male) participated in the experiment. In each experimental condition($3{\times}3{\times}2$=18), the subjects exerted three forces(pushing, lifting, and twisting clockwise). The experimental conditions and three forces were tested in random order, and a minimum 2 minutes of rest was provided between exertions. Results showed that the mean and maximum pushing forces showed greater values when the horizontal angle was $0^{\circ}$ than $10^{\circ}$(p=0.016). However, the three independent variables had no statistically significant effects on the lifting forces(p>0.1). The mean and maximum twisting forces increased as the handle width became larger(p<0.05). Also, there was a marginal effect of the horizontal angle(p=0.065) on the twisting force. From the results of this study, the horizontal angle of $0^{\circ}$ and the wider handle width were suggested for the design of single-wheel barrows.

Evaluation of the Pushing, Lifting and Twisting Forces According to the Handle Design Variables of the Single-Wheel Barrows (외륜 수레 손잡이 설계 변수의 변화에 따른 밀기, 들기, 회전 힘 평가)

  • Song, Young-Woong;Kim, Kyoung-Ah;Lee, Ho-Cheol
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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    • v.27 no.2
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    • pp.84-91
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    • 2012
  • This study evaluated three forces (lifting, pushing and twisting) required to maneuver the single-wheel barrows according to handle height, width, horizontal angle and vertical angle. The four independent variables were varied in two levels. Handle height was varies in two levels : 'knuckle height (KH)' and 'KH + 0.1 ${\times}$ stature'. The two handle widths were '1.5 ${\times}$ shoulder width (SW)' and '1.75 ${\times}$ SW'. Two angles of $0^{\circ}$ and $15^{\circ}$ were used for horizontal and vertical angles. The 24 factorial design was used in the experiment. Twelve healthy male students (undergraduate and graduate) participated in the experiment. Subjects exerted three forces (pushing, lifting, and twisting clockwise) in each experimental condition. The order of 16 treatment conditions was determined randomly. Results showed that the effects of the four factors were different according to three forces. While lifting and twisting forces were higher in 'knuckle height', the pushing force was higher in 'KH + 0.1 ${\times}$ stature' (p < 0.05). Lifting and pushing forces showed higher values in the horizontal angle $0^{\circ}$ than in $15^{\circ}$. Handle width and vertical angle showed no statistically significant main effects on three forces (p > 0.05). Results of this study could be used as basic data for the ergonomic design of handle variables of one- or two-wheel barrows.

Skewed Angle Detection in Text Images Using Orthogonal Angle View

  • Chin, Seong-Ah;Choo, Moon-Won
    • Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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    • 2000.07a
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    • pp.62-65
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    • 2000
  • In this paper we propose skewed angle detection methods for images that contain text that is not aligned horizontally. In most images text areas are aligned along the horizontal axis, however there are many occasions when the text may be at a skewed angle (denoted by 0 < ${\theta}\;{\leq}\;{\pi}$). In the work described, we adapt the Hough transform, Shadow and Threshold Projection methods to detect the skewed angle of text in an input image using the orthogonal angle view property. The results of this method are a primary text skewed angle, which allows us to rotate the original input image into an image with horizontally aligned text. This utilizes document image processing prior to the recognition stage.

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A Study on Alignment Measurement and Compensation for Spacecraft Sensors (위성 탑재 센서의 정렬 측정 및 보정에 관한 연구)

  • Lee Byoung-Gi;Kim Young-Youn;Yoon Yong-Sik
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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    • 2005.06a
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    • pp.537-540
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    • 2005
  • The attitude control, sensors and camera installed on the spacecraft should be located according to the system alignment requirement. The alignment measurement requirement accuracy for the sensors should be below $\pm$0.1. Therefore, Alignment Measurement System which is combined theodolite, Rotating table and digital inclinometer etc., should be used. As the measurement accuracy is required very precise, the appropriate measurement procedure and alignment angle measurement, calculation and shimming work should is accomplished. Consequently, this paper is accomplished the works to align the measurement requirement accuracy throughout alignment measurement and shimming work of installed module and sensor

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A Study on the Upper Body Shapes of Late Elementary Schoolgirls (학령후기 여아의 상반신 체형 연구)

  • Jang, Jeong-Ah
    • Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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    • v.8 no.1
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    • pp.107-112
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    • 2006
  • This study is done to classify the upper body shapes for late elementary schoolgirls. The sampling was done for 11~12 years-old-girls resident in Busan and Kyungnam. Based on the somatometric charateristics of them, 33 anthropometic and 7 photogrphic measurment data were acquired from every girl. These data are statistically analyzed with the following methods; Factor Analysis, Cluster Analysis, and Discriminant Analysis. Resulting from the factor analysis, it is shown that 79.95% of the whole variances can be explained with 8 factors. Through the cluster analysis, 3 types of upper body shapes can be categorized as follows: Type I has average horizontal size, big vertical size and lots of protruded chest ; Type III has big horizontal size, the mean vertical size, and big upper angle of the back ; Type II has small horizontal and vertical size and long surface length of the upper body. Through the discriminant analysis, the high discriminative items in discriminant function are follows: Upper chest circumference, arm length and waist front length of discriminant function I and waist depth, front length, back breadth, nipple to nipple breadth and upper chest circumference of discriminant function II have large coefficient values.

A Study on Spacecraft Alignment Measurement with Theodolite (데오도라이트를 이용한 위성체 얼라인먼트 측정에 관한 연구)

  • 윤용식;이동주
    • Transactions of the Korean Society of Machine Tool Engineers
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    • v.12 no.6
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    • pp.64-70
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    • 2003
  • A measurement of spacecraft alignment is an important process of spacecraft assembly, integration and test because it is necessary that a ground station controls the precise positions of on-orbit spacecraft by using the alignment data of attitude orbit control sensors(AOCS) on spacecraft. In addition, accuracy of spacecraft alignment requirement is about $0.1^{\circ}$~$0.7^{\circ}$. The spacecraft alignment is measured by autocollimation of theodolite. This paper describes the measurement principle and method of spacecraft alignment. The result shows that all of the AOCS on the spacecraft are aligned within the tolerance required through the alignment measurement.

The Effect of Korean Medical Treatments for Facial asymmetry Patients : Five Cases Report (한의학적 치료로 호전된 안면비대칭 5례)

  • Shin, Jeongmin;Ah, Jin-hyang;Lee, Jin-hyuk
    • The Journal of Korean Medicine
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    • v.40 no.3
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    • pp.198-223
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    • 2019
  • Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of Korean medicine treatment on facial asymmetric treatment in 5 cases of facial asymmetry correction by non - surgical treatment such as acupucture, chuna treatment, FCST (Functional cerebrospinal technique) and cranial osteopathy. Methods: We analyzed the initial charts of 5 patients who had undergone facial asymmetry in a Korean medicine clinic and measured the position and distance using the photograph, lateral cephalograms, and whole body radiograms. The results were as follows. Results: To quantify both soft and hard tissues to confirm the results of Korean medicine treatment of facial asymmetry, soft tissues quantitatively measure the displacement of the face, the slope of the left and right eyes, and the slope of the lip in order to grasp the positional displacement of the mandible. As a result, on the average, the correction effect as measured by the angle difference between A and C is $1.8{\pm}0.57$, the correction effect as measured by the angle difference between B and C is $1.4{\pm}0.89$, and the angle difference between D and the horizontal plane is $1.9{\pm}0.89$, and the angle difference between E and the horizontal plane is $1.9{\pm}0.89$. The result of reduced angle difference between A and C means that the head position shifted from the center of the body to the unilateral side was shifted to the center. The decrease in the angle difference between B and C means the restoration of the maxillary distortion relative to the mandible. In hard tissues, numerical values were measured based on the skull standard. The average distortion of the skull was $1.9{\pm}0.67$, and the distortion of the lower eye was $1.4{\pm}0.41$. Conclusion: General studies on facial asymmetric treatment are limited to treatments such as surgery and orthodontics. However, this study confirmed the possibility that facial asymmetry could be corrected by Korean medical treatment consisting of reversible non-surgical treatment rather than irreversible treatment such as surgery or orthodontic treatment. In particular, Korean medicine treatment is effective for muscular asymmetry, soft asymmetry, functional asymmetry, etc. The facial asymmetric treatment of Korean medicine is not limited to the face-centered correction, but the asymmetry of the whole body may be corrected as well.

Effects of Verbal Cue for Scapular Depression During Scapular Posterior Tilt Exercise on Scapular Muscle Activities and Clavicular Tilt Angle in Subjects With Rounded Shoulder Posture and Upper Trapezius Myofascial Pain

  • Choi, Sil-ah;Cynn, Heon-seock;Shin, A-reum;Kim, Da-eun
    • Physical Therapy Korea
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    • v.24 no.3
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    • pp.30-39
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    • 2017
  • Background: Scapular posterior tilt (SPT) is important in the prevention of abnormal scapular movement and pain during elevation of the arm. However, previous studies have overlooked increased upper trapezius (UT) muscle activity interrupting the normal force couple of scapular motion and compensation of levator scapulae (LS) muscle activated simultaneously with UT during SPT exercise. Objects: The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of modified SPT with depression exercise versus SPT exercise on serratus anterior (SA), lower trapezius (LT), UT, and LS muscle activities and the clavicular tilt angle, in subjects with rounded shoulder posture (RSP) and myofascial pain in the UT muscle region. Methods: Eighteen subjects with RSP were recruited and randomly allocated to 2 groups; 9 in the SPT group and 9 in the SPT with depression group. All subjects met the specific RSP criteria and had myofascial pain of UT region. Depending on the allocated group, subjects performed the assigned SPT exercise and EMG data were recorded during the each exercise. Clavicular tilt angle was defined as the angle between the line joining the medial and lateral end of the clavicle and a horizontal line. Results: The SA muscle activity was significantly greater in SPT with depression than with SPT exercise (p<.05). The UT, LS muscle activity and the clavicular tilt angle was significantly lower in SPT with depression than with SPT exercise (p<.05). Conclusion: These findings were insightful because the potential risk of pain from overactivation of the UT and LS was considered, in contrast with SPT exercise. SPT with depression exercise can be implemented as an effective method to facilitate scapular muscle activity for stability and to prevent myofascial pain in the neck and shoulder.

A Study of Spacecraft Alignment Measurement with Theodolite (데오도라이트를 이용한 위성체 얼라인먼트 측정에 관한 연구)

  • Yun,Yong-Sik;Park,Hong-Cheol;Son,Yeong-Seon;Choe,Jong-Yeon
    • Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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    • v.31 no.10
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    • pp.105-111
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    • 2003
  • A measurement of spacecraft alignment is an important process of spacecraft assembly, integration and test. Because, it is necessary that a operator of a ground station controls the precise positions of on-orbit spacecraft by using the alignment data of attitude orbit control sensors(AOCS) on spacecraft. And, an accuracy of spacecraft alignment requirement is about $0.1^{\circ}{\sim}0.7^{\circ}$. A spacecraft alignment is measured by autocollimation of theodolite. This paper describes the measurement principle and method of spacecraft alignment. The result shows that all the AOCS on the spacecraft are aligned within the tolerance required through the alignment measurement.

A Study on A Spacecraft Alignment Measurement System (위성체 얼라인먼트 측정 시스템에 관한 연구)

  • Park, Hong-Chul;Son, Young-Seon;Choi, Jong-Yeon;Yoon, Yong-Sik
    • Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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    • v.32 no.7
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    • pp.98-104
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    • 2004
  • A spacecraft alignment measurement requires highly precise measurement accuracy which is less than ${\pm}0.5^{\circ}$. In general, such an alignment measurement has been performed by using three or more theodolites. However, it contains the latent accuracy error because of a position stability of spacecraft, etc. The new alignment measurement system which consists of a theodoilte, a rotating table and a digital inclinometer has been developed to possibly to possibly reduce the error. This paper describes the concept and methodology of methodology of measurement system. It was found that new measurement system can provide more accurate results than the conventional system.