• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.167-176
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• 1986

For the purpose of determinating the normal values of some parameters relevant to lead exposure, a study was carried out from April 1 to June 30, 1986 on 258 healthy Korean adults who have had no apparant lead exposure. The lead indices subjected to this study were as follows; blood lead (PbB), hemoglobin (Hb), zinc protoporphyrin in blood (ZPP), delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD) activity in blood, coproporphyrin in urine (CPU), delta-aminolevulinic acid in urine (ALAU). 1) The mean value of PbB was $17.17{\pm}7.87{\mu}g/100ml$, and there was no statistically significant difference by age & sex. The distribution of PbB fitted to the log-normal distribution ($x^2=7.38$, p>0.1). 2) The mean value of Hb in male ($15.17{\pm}1.56g/100ml$) was higher than in female ($13.22{\pm}1.51g/100ml$)(p<0.01). The distribution of Hb fitted to the normal distribution ($x^2=9.40$, p>0.1). 3) The mean value of ZPP was $32.61{\pm}8.78{\mu}g/100ml$, and there was no statistically significant difference by age & sex. The distribution of ZPP fitted to the normal distribution ($x^2=13.93$, p>0.05). The correlation of ZPP & ALAD (r=-0.229), CPU (r=0.183) was statistically significant respectively. 4) The mean value of ALAD was $30.20{\pm}10.96{\mu}mol$ ALA/min/L of R.B.C., and there was no statistically significant difference by age & sex. The distribution of ALAD activity did not fit to the normal distribution. The correlation between ALAD & PbB (r=-0.219) was statistically significant 5) The mean value of CPU was $36.10{\pm}24.54{\mu}g/L$, and there was no statistically significant difference by age & sex. The distribution of CPU did not fit to the normal distribution. The correlation between CPU & PbB (r=0.185), ZPP (r=0.183) was statistically signinificant respectively. 6) The mean value of ALAU was $1.94{\pm}0.96mg/L$, and there was no statistically significant difference by age & sex. The distribution of ALAU fitted to the normal distribution ($x^2=9.76$, p>0.1).

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제36권10호
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• pp.179-196
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• 1998

The purpose of this study was to analyze the financial status of Korean elderly households to make a financial plan for retirement preparation. The sample obtained from 1997 KHPS, consisted of 326 households of 55-64 aged and 210 households of 65 and over aged. Statistics employed for the analysis were frequencies, percentile, univariate analysis and logistic analysis. And Lorenz curve and Gini coefficient were used to compare the financial status. The results could be summarized as follows. First, total income, total expenditure, total debt and net worth of 55-64 aged group were higher than those of 65 and over group, while total asset of 55-64 aged group was similar to 65 and over group's Second, total expediture to total imcome ratio(R1) and total asset to total debt ratio(R4) of 55-64 aged group were higher than 65 and over group's, but net worth to minimum cost of living ratio(R2) and financial asset to monthly expenditure ratio(R3) of 65 and over group were higher than 55-64 aged group's . Third, R4's Gini coefficient was the highest and R1's Gini coefficient was the lowest among all Gini coefficients. Also, R1's and R4's Gini coefficients of 55-64 aged group were greater than 65 and over group's. ourth, variables affecting R1's stability of 55-64 aged group were household head's age, educatonal attainment and family type, while those of 65 and over group were household head's age, past economic experience and the number of children. There was no significant variable affecting R2's stability of 55-64 aged group, but there was only household head's pst economic experience affecting those of 65 and over group. The variable contributing to R3's stability of 55-64 aged group was residence while the variables of 65 and over group were household head's educational attainment, past economic experience and the number of children. The variables contributing to R4's stability of 55-64 aged group were the number of children and residence, and the number of children was one variable of contributing to R4's stability of 65 and over aged group.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제48권6호
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• pp.871-880
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• 2006

본 연구는 2개월간의 포유기간 동안 홀스타인 젖소 송아지를 무제한 포유방법을 사용하여 무제한 포유시 송아지의 최대 우유섭취량과 급여회수를 조사하고 관행의 제한 포유방법(10%/live weight, kg)과 송아지의 성장능력, 설사발생, 사료건물 섭취량 등에 대한 영향을 비교하였다. 신생 홀스타인 젖소 20두를 공시하여 체중의 10%로 제한 포유구(conventional)와 무제한포유구(4～6회/일)로 각각 10두씩 구분하여 초유는 출생 후 3일 동안 급여하고 이후 60일령에 이유할 때까지 5일 간격의 체중조사 값에 따라 관행방법과 무제한 포유방법을 각각 개체별로 실시하였다. 무제한 포유송아지의 출생당일에 생체중의 13.49%에서 30일령에는 23.51%로 섭취량이 최대값을 나타났다가 이후 감소하는 것으로 나타났으며, 포유기간 전체 평균 우유섭취량은 관행포유구는 4.3kg, 무제한포유구는 9.8kg으로 나타났다(p<0.05). 어린송아지사료(젖떼기용 사료)와 혼합목초건초 섭취량은 시험송아지 모두가 일령 증가에 따라 증가하여 40일령까지는 시험구간에 현저한 차이는 나타나지 않았고 시험 전기간 동안의 관행포유구의 송아지가 건물 섭취량, 조단백 섭취량 및 가소화영양소총량(TDN) 섭취량에서 무제한 포유구의 것보다 각각 18.4%, 20.0% 및 18.9% 많이 섭취한 것으로 나타났다(p<0.05). 1개월령과 2개월령 및 포유기간 전기간 동안의 송아지의 체중 증가에 있어서 무제한 포유구 송아지의 것이 관행구 송아지의 것에 비해 각각 49%, 18.4%, 26%의 증체효과를 나타냈는데, 20일령까지는 시험구간의 체중차이가 뚜렷하지 않았지만 30일령이후 90일령(이유 후 30일령)까지는 무제한 구의 송아지의 체중이 유의하게 높은 것으로 나타났다(p<0.05). 그리고 120일령 이후 180일령까지 체중변화를 살펴보았을 때, 시험구간 체중은 비슷해지는 것을 알 수 있었다. 사료효율은 무제한 포유구의 것보다 관행구의 것이 더 높은 것으로 나타났으며(p<0.05), 시험 전기간 동안 감기, 발열, 설사 등의 질병은 모든 시험구에서 나타나지 않았다. 본 시험을 통해 우리는 무제한 포유방법은 이유 전 송아지의 빠른 성장과 건강유지에 도움이 됨과 이 영향은 최소한 90일령까지 지속된다는 결론을 얻었다.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.117-126
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• 1997

This study was conducted to estimate the hatching and growing performance, and heterosis of Korean Native Chicken(KNC), Rhode Island Red(RIR) and KNC XRIR crossbred. A total of 1,274 female pullets were produced from KNC, RIR and KNC x RIR crossbred kept in National Live-stock Research Institute, Korea. The experiment was conducted for 20 weeks from Sep. 2, 1995 to Jan. 20,1996. Hatchabilities of KNC dark brown strain x RlR(DR), KNC light brown strain x RlR (LR) and KNC dark black strain x RlR(BR) were 77.3%, 73.6% and 72.5%, respectively. Viabilities up to 20 weeks of age were not significantly (P>0.05) different among purebreds and crossbred. Body weights of DR, LR and BR were 1,890 g, 1,849 g and 1,967 g, respectively, at 20 weeks of age. The feed conversion ratio(feed /gain) of DR, LR, and BR were 5.88, 6.07 and 5.87, respectively, up to 20 weeks of age. Average shank lengths of DR, LR and BR were 97.1 mm, 98.9 mm and 99.4 mm, respectively, at 20 weeks of age. The heterosis effects were estimated to be -0. 48%, and 12.58%, respectively, in fertility and hatchability. Up to 20 weeks of age, the heterosis effects were estimated to be 0.07%, 13.49%, -5.77%, and 3.52% in viability, body weight, feed conversion ratio, and shank length, respectively.

• 대한감각통합치료학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.11-19
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• 2004

Objective : This study is to provide the norms of normal children when comparing the performance ability of preschool children while using the kinesthesia test of Sensory Integration and Praxis Tests(SIPT). Methods : Participants consisted of 90 normal children ranging in age from four to six years. The kinesthesia test of SIPT was utilized to investigate the performance ability. Results : 1. Regarding the kinesthesia ability according to age, the average value of kinesthesia performance error decreased as age getting older and that value showed the statistically significant differences between four and five, six age(p<0.05). 2. The kinesthesia performance ability according to gender, the accuracy of both hands and the dominant hand did not show the statistically significant differences. 3. Regarding the kinesthesia performance ability of test items, 1R item and 6R item(26.2cm), 5R item and 2L item(20.2cm) passing through the midline of body and having the large movement in distance and angle showed the difficulty to perform in all the children between 4 and 6 age. Conclusion : By providing the norms of the kinesthesia performance ability in normal children of the above results to the occupational therapists treating children, the helpful data to the hand skill development of children, exercise plan and implementation, and the performance therapy of ADL through the proper evaluation and training of kinesthesia is considered for the occupational therapists to be provided.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제45권3호
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• pp.393-400
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• 2013

Concrete undergoing early frost damage in cold weather will experience significant loss of not only strength, but also of permeability and durability. Accordingly, concrete codes like ACI-306R prescribe a minimum compressive strength and duration of curing to prevent frost damage at an early age and secure the quality of concrete. Such minimum compressive strength and duration of curing are mostly defined based on the strength development of concrete. However, concrete subjected to frost damage at early age may not show a consistent relationship between its strength and durability. Especially, since durability of concrete is of utmost importance in nuclear power plant structures, this relationship should be imperatively clarified. Therefore, this study verifies the feasibility of the minimum compressive strength specified in the codes like ACI-306R by evaluating the strength development and the durability preventing the frost damage of early age concrete for nuclear power plant. The results indicate that the value of 5 MPa specified by the concrete standards like ACI-306R as the minimum compressive strength to prevent the early frost damage is reasonable in terms of the strength development, but seems to be inappropriate in the viewpoint of the resistance to chloride ion penetration and freeze-thaw. Consequently, it is recommended to propose a minimum compressive strength preventing early frost damage in terms of not only the strength development, but also in terms of the durability to secure the quality of concrete for nuclear power plants in cold climates.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.403-411
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to investigate the physical characteristics and instrumental activities of daily living(IADL) of the elderly (85+). The subjects were three-hundred elderly people over the age of 85, living in Kyungpook Sung-Ju area who have no problems in daily living. The survey on anthropometric measures and IADL were carried out by individual measurement and interviews using measuring devices and questionnaires. The subject group of the study was composed of 27% males and 73% females, the average age being 87 years old. Notable physical features of the subjects include considerably short statues and small physiques compared to the average Korean elder. The mean Body Mass Index(BMI) was 20.9. The average percentage of body fat in male and female was 21.7% and 29.5% respectively, and the average waist/hip ratio(WHR) was 0.9 and 0.85 respectively. The percentage of the subjects who were able to perform all the IADL was 51% in males and 25% in females. The male subjects were more capable than the females in all the IADL except for preparing meals. BMI showed positive correlations withy weight(r=699), WHR(r=0.157), body fat percentage(r=0.57), lean body mass(r=0368) and total body water(r=0.368). WHR also had positive correlation with weight(r=0.184), BMI(r=0.157), lean body mass(r=0.149) and total body water (r=0.148). Body fat percentage had a positive correlation with weight(r=0.147) and BMI(r=0.265) and total body water(r=0.265). In summary, the elderly(85+) in the Sung-Ju area had considerably smaller physiques than the average Korean elderly and showed a normal range of BMI in average. The IADL of the elderly(85+) appeared to have a positive correlation with lean body mass and total body water and a negative correlation with body fat percentage.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.93-103
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• 1985

Since the fact was known that mouth breathing resulted from the adenoid hypertropy causes malocclusion, many investigators have studied nasopharynx and adenoid in order to clarify the role in relation to the effect on face and occlustion and the development of airway. The author analyzed 13 items in longitudinal cephalometric roentgenograms of 17 boys and 19 girls taken from the age of 7 to 12. The results were as follows. 1. The means and standard deviation for the measured items were obtained. 2. The continual growth of nasopharyngeal cavity was more affected by the height than the depth. 3. The size of adenoid was larger in males than in females, especially on R, $D-AD_2$. 4. Airway percentage was highest in boys at age 10 and girls at age 9. 5. The items showed significant differentiation between males and females were airway percentage, posterior height, $D-AD_1,\;D-AD_2$, and R.

• 대한안전경영과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한안전경영과학회 2008년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.353-359
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• 2008

Somatotype is a very important factor for the comfortable and safe work environments. Many researches are trying to find the characteristics of somatotype according to age. Thus, the main objective of this study is to analyze somatotype of male residents in Seoul. The data used in this study included 267 men subjects who are living in Seoul. In order to analyze a detailed somatotype of citizens, age groups are divided into six groups. In order to compare and analyze data, Coefficient of Variance, Cronbach's Alpha, $R\ddot{o}hrer$ Index and Drop Value were used in this study. The results of this study can be applied to the comfortable and safe work environments for workers.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.51-56
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• 2004

Age and growth of three-lined tonguefish (Cynoglossus abbreviatus) were studied using samples from the waters off Yosu, Korea, from June to December, 2001. Sagittal otoliths had relatively clear annuli. Each annulus was formed once a year in April. The peak of the gonadosomatic index occurred also in April. The oldest fish observed in this study was 5 years old for females and 4 years old for males. The relationship between the otolith radius (R) and total length (L) was as follows: L=14.921R-2.5318 for females and L=13.527R-0.5584 for males. The relationship between total length and body weight (W) was as follows: $W=0.0008L^{3.54}$ for females and $W=0.0029L^{3.14}$ for males. The growth in length of the fish was expressed by the von Bertalanffy's growth equation as: $$L_t=44.54(1-e^{-0.16(t+2.69)})\;for\;females\;and\;L_t=41.52(1-e^{-0.15(t+3.34)})\;for\;males$$.