• Journal of Life Science
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• v.17 no.10
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• pp.1426-1433
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• 2007

To investigate the antibiotic resistant patterns of the bacteria producing ESBL, we isolated one organism of Klebsiella pneumoniae from a clinical laboratory in Busan. The organism that produces ESBL gene was detected by double disk synergy test and the presence of three ESBL genes (TEM-1, SHV-12, CTX-M-15) was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction and DNA sequencing analysis. To analyse the characteristics of three ESBL genes, we performed transconjugation, transformation and cloning experiment with the organism. The MIC of Klebsiella pneumoniae was revealed that ceftazidime, cefotaxime and ceftriaxone were $256\;{\mu}g/ml,\;128\;{\mu}g/ml\;and\;128\;{\mu}g/ml$ respectively. The MIC of conjugant (E. coli $RG176^{Na(r)}$) af was revealed that ceftazidime, cefotaxime and ceftriaxone were $256\;{\mu}g/ml,\;64\;{\mu}g/ml\;and\;128\;{\mu}g/ml$ respectively. The MIC of transformant (E. cofi $DH5{\alpha}$) was revealed that ceftazidime, cefotaxime and ceftriaxone were $128\;{\mu}g/ml,\;32\;{\mu}g/ml,\;and\;32\;{\mu}g/ml$ respectively, The MIC of cloned organism of SHV-12 gene (E. coli $DH5{\alpha}$) was revealed that ceftazidime, cefotaxime and ceftriaxone were $128\;{\mu}g/ml,\;8\;{\mu}g/ml,\;and\;32\;{\mu}g/ml$ respectively. The results indicated that MIC of conjugant was higher than MIC of transformant and also SHV-12 gene were not resistant against cefotaxime antibiotic.

• Journal of KIISE:Computing Practices and Letters
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.149-156
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• 2005

The HLA is the simulation architecture standard that the civilian and military simulation communities are deeply interested in. We can find various successful practices applying HLA to constructive simulations such as war games in domestics and overseas. However, any case of real-time distributed simulations has not been reported. The reason is that a message transmission period via RTI in a network layer varies according to computing power, simulation nodes, transmission types, and packet size; further a message processing time in an application layer depends on its processing methods, thus too difficult to set up real-time constraints for the enhancement of a real-time resolution. Hence, in this paper we have studied the real-time constraints of RTI for the development of the M-SAM simulator. Thus we have developed a HLA based pilot simulator using 6 PC's in LAN and then measured and analysed the performance of the RTI. As the results of our work, we could obtain the quantitative values for message delay, RTI overhead and RTI packet transmission ratio by a real operation scenario and loads, which are not shown in the previous works. We also expect that the results can be used as a guideline to set up the number of targets, transmission frequency and message processing method in the development of the M-SAM simulator and similar applications.

• Journal of Gifted/Talented Education
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.1055-1076
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to examine the flow of teacher-student verbal interactions and the types of discourse in the science gifted classes of three effective teachers. The three effective teacher were recommended by the expert of a gifted education or science education expert. A participant observation was carried out in their classes, and all the classes were videotaped. The collected videotape materials were transcribed, and Flanders Interaction Analysis Categories and an AF program were utilized to analyze the video clips. The findings of this study were as follows: First, there was no specific flow of verbal interactions in the classes provided by the effective gifted teachers, but the kind of positive verbal interaction that the students responded diversely to their questions or lectures took place. Second, the most prevalent type of utterance in the classes of them was lecturing, and the remark of direction and criticism scarcely took place. And lots of non-directive remarks were found such as emotional acceptance, praise, encouragement or acceptance of ideas. As a result, the effective science gifted teachers made more nondirective remarks such as emotional acceptance, praise, encouragement and acceptance of ideas than directive remarks such as direction or criticism, and their non-directive remark made it possible to elicit more extensive responses from their students.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.710-717
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• 2008

Background: Atrial fibrillation is associated with several complications such as cerebro-vascular accidents and peripheral arterial embolism. Most of the patients who have this arrhythmia chronically feel their heart beating and so they are frightened; therefore, the quality of a patient's life is decreased. The purpose of this article is to determine the long term results of a modified Maze procedure and the factors that influence the success of the procedure. Material and Method: This study enrolled 88 patients who underwent the modified Maze with using cryoablation between June, 2001 and February, 2007. The 88 consecutive patients were divided into two groups ac cording to how the pulmonary veins were isolated, that is, with or without cryoablation. There were 58 patients who were isolated by cutting and sewing in the right pulmonary veins and by cyroablation in the left pulmonary veins in group 1 (group 1, n=58), and 30 patients who underwent isolation by cryoablation in the right & left pulmonary veins were placed in group 2 (group 2, n=30). The ECG was checked at discharge to determine the sinus conversion rate and we followed up the patients to determine whether or not the patients maintained sinus rhythm. We also checked the ECG at the last visit to determine the patients' heart rhythm. Result: The mean follow up time was $44.3{\pm}19.2$ months. At discharge, 72.4% of the patients in group 1 were in proper sinus rhythm and 66.7% of the patients in group 2 were in proper sinus rhythm. At the last follow up, 81% of the patients in group 1 were in normal sinus rhythm and 60% of the patients in group 2 were in normal sinus rhythm. When we analyzed the data via the Kaplan-Meier method, 86.5% of the patients were free from atrial fibrillation (% free from AF) at 1 year, 80% of the patients were free from atrial fibrillation at 5 year in group 1 and 70% of the patients were free from atrial fibrillation at 1 year and 51 % of the patients in group 2 were free from atrial fibrillation at 5 year. Conclusion: The modified Maze technique using cryoablation was a simple and effective procedure. But the success rate of the Maze technique using cryoblation is lower than that of the standard Maze III. The method using cryoablation shorten the operation time, but we must conduct more studies to get a better result of the modified Maze technique with using cryoablation.

• The Journal of the Petrological Society of Korea
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.16-31
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• 2003

The granites in the southern Gimcheon area can be divided into two parts, marginal hornblende biotite granodiorite (Mgd) and central biotite granodiorite to granite (Cgd). Mgd and Cgd are gray in color and display gradational contact relations and are mainly composed of coarse-grained and medium-grained rocks, respectively. Mgd has more frequent and larger mafic enclaves than Cgd, and the two granites partly show parallel foliation at thire contact with gneisses. From representative samples of the granites, K-Ar biotite ages of 197∼207 Ma were obtained. Considering the blocking temperature of biotite, it is suggested that the emplacement age of the granitic magma was probably late Triassic. The anorthite contents of plagioclases in Mgd display less variation than those of Cgd, indicating that Mgd crystallized within a narrow range of temperatures. In the Al$\_$total/-Mg diagram, the biotites from the granites plot within the subalkaline field, and the smooth slope indicates differentiation from a single magma. All amphiboles from the granites belong to magnesio-hornblende. The linear trends of major oxides, AFM and Ba-Sr-Rb indicate that Mgd and Cgd were fractionally differentiated from a single granitic magma body crystallizing from the margin inwards. The relations of modal (Qz+Af) vs. Op, K$_2$O vs. Na$_2$O, Fe$_2$ $O_3$ vs. FeO, Fe$\^$+3/(Fe$\^$+3/+Fe$\^$+2/) and K/Rb vs. Rb/Sr show that they belong to I-type and magnetite-series granitic rocks developed by the progressive melting products of fixed sources. REE data, normalized to chondrite value, have trends of enriched LREE and depleted HREE together with weakly negative Eu anomalies.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.887-896
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• 2004

The present study was carried out to investigate the blood markers of Mongolian horses. The blood redcell types and blood protein types(biochemical polymorphisrns) were tested from 19 Mongolian horses by serological and electrophoretic procedure, and their phenotypes and gene frequencies were estimated. The blood group and biochemical polymorphism phenotypes observed with high frequency were $A^{af}$(42.1%), $C^a$(89.5%), $K^-$(84.2%), $U^a$(63.2%), $P^a$(42.1%) $P^-$42.1%), $Q^c$(31.6%) $Q^-$(31.6%), $AL^{AB}$((52.6%), AI$B^K$(89.5%), $ES^1$(63.2%), $GC^F$(78.9%), $HB^BI$1(68.4%), PG$D^F$(84.2%), $TF^{FIR}$(21.1%), $TF^{F2R}$(21.1%)(21.1%), and genotypes $D^{cgm/dghm}$(15.8%), $D^{dghm/dghm}$(15.8%), $D^{ad/dghm}$(10.5%), $D^{ade/dghm}$(10.5%), in Mongolian horses, respectively. Alleles observed with high frequency were $A^a$(0.4211), $C^a$(0.8947), $K^-$(0.8421), $U^a$(0.6316), $P^a$(0.4474), $Q^c$(0.4474), $D^{dghm}$(0.4211), $AL^B$(0.6579), $AIB^K$(0.9211), $ES^I$(0.7895), $GC^F$(0.8947), $HB^{BI}$(0.7895), $PGD^F$(0.8421) and $TF^R$(0.3421) in Mongolian horses. These results present basic information for estimating the genetic relationships between the Korean native horse, and developing a system for parentage verification and individuals identification in Mongolian horse.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.45 no.10
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• pp.1263-1272
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• 2002

Purpose : Rett syndrome(RTT) is an X-linked dominant neurodevelopmental disorder affecting 1 per 10,000-15,000 female births worldwide. It was initially described by Andreas Rett in 1966. RTT involves developmental regression characterized stereotypic hand movements, tremors, gait apraxia, seizures, deceleration of head growth after the age of 6-18 months. The disease-causing gene was identified as MECP2 on chromosome Xq28. We carried out mutational analysis of MECP2 genes in RTT patients. Methods : Whole blood(5 cc) of 34 sporadic RTT patients was collected in EDTA-anticoagulated tubes. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood using the E.Z.N.A. blood DNA kit. Four exons of the MECP2 gene were amplified by PCR in 34 Korean with RTT. We carried out PCR divided the exon three into two parts and the exon four into five parts. Primer sequences designed by Amir et al. in 1999 were almost used(AF030876). Sequencing primers used were the same as PCR. DNA sequencing reactions were performed using an ABI 377 DNA sequencer and ABI PRISM dye terminator cycle sequencing reaction kit(Perkin-elmer). The results were compared with the normal DNA sequence(X99686). To confirm the change of sequence on novel mutations, RFLP analysis was performed. Results : The MECP2 mutations were detected in 23(67.6%) of the 34 patients. The mutations consisted of 12 different types including nine missense and three nonsense mutations. Of these, three (L100V, G161E and T311M) mutations were newly identified. Most of the mutations discovered are located within MBD(39.1%) and TRD(39.1%). In this study, three(T158M, R270X, R306C) mutations were identified high frequency. Conclusion : MECP2 gene was also an important cause of Korean RTT patients. MECP2 gene study is an important tool for diagnosis of Korean RTT patients.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.416-420
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• 2012

The increasing use of recycling products results in the need for assessing the risk to human health. In this study heavy metals's contents of playground flooring were compared with rubber powder which is row material. And it is reviewed characteristics of heavy metals's exposure from absorption of skin, checking amount of dermal uptake for each heavy metal. Despite its high content, Zn had a very low migration rate with 0.1 $mg/cm^2$. This indicates that Zn is not easily released by surface contact. However, the contents of Fe and Al in flooring were 12 times higher than that of Zn and Fe, and Al showed migration rate 5 times higher than that of Zn. This implies that Fe and Al were derived from pigment in flooring. The measurement of dermal exposure to heavy metals at 6 playgrounds found higher level of exposure in Ba than in other heavy metals. It is assumed that despite high content of Zn, Ba had a higher exposure rate because five times as much Ba as Zn was darmal absorptionactor ($AF_{darmal}$).

• Proceedings of the Korean Operations and Management Science Society Conference
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• 1996.10a
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• pp.153-156
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• 1996

현재의 정보시스템이 하드웨어의 발전에 비해 늦어진 이유는 개발 단계별로 상호 일관성이 결여된 방법론을 사용하고 있고 이 방법론들이 실제의 비즈니스 프로세스(Business Process)와는 차이가 있는 형태로 구현이 되기 때문이다. 또한, 이런 방법론들이 분산조직에 사용된다면 비즈니스 프로세스가 세분화되기 때문에 문제점들이 더 깊이 심화되는 경향이 발생하게 된다. 이런 상황에 대한 해결책은 정보시스템이 비즈니스 프로세스로부터 구체적인 정보시스템의 구현에 이르기까지 일관성 있게 진행할 수 있는 방법론이 필요하다. 그러므로, 정보시스템 구현의 각 단계별로 추상과 구현방법을 구체적으로 제시하고 개념적인 무결성을 보장할수 있는 새로운 정보시스템 개발방법이 요구된다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 정보시스템을 구현하기 위해서 업무분석의 과정에서부터 구현에 이르기까지 개념적인 무결성(Conceptual Integrity)을 유지하고(Brooks, 1982) 방법론상에서 중단이나 변형없이 연결되는 시스템 개발방법론인 컴퓨터 통합 비즈니스 시스템(Computer-Integrated Business System:CIBS)을 소개하고 이 CIBS가 사용하는 세부적인 객체지향 프로그래밍 방법론이 AF(Application Framework)을 설명하며, 최종적으로 이 CIBS에 의해서 구현된 정보시스템과 기존의 프로그래밍 기법으로 구현된 정보시스템과의 비교를 통해 그 장단점을 증명하고자 한다. 또한, 이 CIBS구조는 정보시스템의 단편적인 정보제공 능력을 넘어서서 비즈니스 프로세스를 개선함에 의해서 기업의 노하우를 정립하고 이를 발전시키는 정보시스템의 진보된 형태를 보여줌으로서 정보시스템의 새로운 모습과 비젼을 제시하며 혁신적인 정보시스템의 새로운 구조를 보여준다. 문제점들은 HED (Human Engineerign Discrepance) 목록으로 정리하여 설계에 반영하도록 하였다.로 마음의 안정감, 몸의 긴장 이완에 따른 건강 상태 유지, 수업 집중도 향상 등이 나타났다. 위와 같은 종합 적 분석 결과에 따라, 본 연구는 제조 현장의 생산성 향상 및 품질 향상과 연계하여 작업자의 작업 집중도 향상, 작업자의 육체적, 심리적 변화에 따른 생산성 및 품질 향상 변화 정도 등의 산업공학(인간공학) 제 분야의 여러 측면에서 연구 및 적용이 가능하리라 사료된다.l, 시험군:25.90$\pm$7.16mg/d1, 47% 감소)를 나타내었으며, 시험군의 AUC는 대조군에 비해 39% 감소하였고, 혈중 아세트알데히드의 농도는 투여 60분후 시험군(3.96$\pm$0.07nmo1/$m\ell$)이 대조군(6.45$\pm$0,64nmo1/$m\ell$)에 비해 유의성 있는 감소(39%)를 나타내었으며, 시험군의 AUC는 대조군에 비해 48% 감소하였다 한편, 시험관내 에탄올 대사 효소에 대한 바이오짐의 효과를 검색해본 결과 바이오짐(2.0 $\mu\textrm{g}$/assay)에 의해 Aldehyde dehydrogenase(1.5unit/assay)의 활성이 14% 증가되었다. 본 연구의 결과로 볼 때, 비지니스 및 바이오짐은 음주 후 상승된 혈중 에탄을 농도 및 아세트알데히드의 농도를 현저히 감소시키는 효과가 있었다.량 보호 관리, 도시 소공원 개발, 역사 문화 공원 조성, 하천 공간 복원, 공원 시설 기능 개선, 이용 프로그램 개발, 공원 관리 개선, 환경 피해 녹지의 회복, 도시 환경 림 조성, 녹지 기능

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2004.04a
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• pp.427-433
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• 2004

Information is increasing continuously in on-line, it is real condition that inaccurate informations are mass-produced but effort to keep accuracy of these informations is lacking. Already, research about government official of information in World Wide Web is consisting of various method and viewpoint, but problem for the importance of correct information offer and offer of mistake information in World Wide Web about specification target and administration way presentation are no research reward yet and system that can keep accuracy of information is not equiped properly. ss and accuracy whether mistake information in harbor and bay connection web site's administration influences how in authoritativeness security of site and present condition information of harbor and bay and operation information. In this study, we wish to present administration way about mistake informations that is required that recognize problem of mistake information and the administration's importance in on-line in this research, and supply phenomenon information in Web site. We made the right definition about mistake of information through priority literature investigation and virtued research for this, and sorted mistake information in type. And we investigated Pusan port connection information and offered present condition in on-line and research on actual state of mistake information offer and analysis. Reflecting type and special quality of examined mistake informations, We want to make people recognize the importance af freshness and accuracy whether mistake information in harbor and bay connection web site's administration influences how in authoritativeness security of site and present condition information of harbor and bay and operation information.