• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
• /
• v.36 no.10
• /
• pp.793-799
• /
• 2009

Esterel is an imperative synchronous language that is well-adopted to specify reactive systems. Programmers sometimes want simple validations that can be applied while the system is under development. Since a reactive system reacts to environment changes, a test data is a sequence of input events. Generating proper test data by hand is complex and error-prone. Although several test data generators exist, they are hard to learn and use. Mostly, system designers need test data to reach a specific status of a target program. In this paper, we develop a test data generator to generate test input sequences for debugging Esterel programs. Our tool is focused on easy usage; users can describe test data properties with simple specifications. We show a case study in which the test data generator is used for a practical development process.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
• /
• v.42 no.2
• /
• pp.144-148
• /
• 2018

Background: Panax ginseng is a well-known immune modulator, and there is concern that its immune-enhancing effects may negatively affect patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) by worsening symptoms or increasing the risk of adverse effects from other drugs. In this randomized, crossover clinical trial, we evaluated the impact of Korean Red Ginseng (KRG) on disease activity and safety in RA patients. Methods: A total of 80 female RA patients were randomly assigned to either the KRG (2 g/d, n = 40) treatment or placebo (n = 40) groups for 8 wk, followed by crossover to the other treatment group for an additional 8 wk. The primary outcome was the disease flare rate, defined as worsening disease activity according to the disease activity score 28 joints-erythrocyte sedimentation rate (DAS28-ESR). The secondary outcomes were development of adverse events (AEs) and patient reported outcomes. Outcomes were evaluated at baseline and 8 wk and 16 wk. The outcomes were compared using the Chi-square test. Results: Of the 80 patients, 70 completed the full study. Their mean age was 51.9 yr, and most exhibited low disease activity (mean DAS28-ESR $3.5{\pm}1.0$) at enrollment. After intervention, the flare rate was 3.7% in each group. During KRG treatment, 10 AEs were reported, while five AEs were developed with placebo; however, this difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.16). Gastrointestinal- and nervous system-related symptoms were frequent in the KRG group. Conclusion: KRG is not significantly associated with either disease flare rate or the rate of AE development in RA patients.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
• /
• v.59 no.10
• /
• pp.68-84
• /
• 2009

A state wedding ceremony of kings and crown princes in the Chosun Dynasty was systemically formalized in a book Five National Ceremonies (1474) as one of the five major formal events of the royal auspicious ceremonies(Ga-rae). For a state wedding, Ga-rae Protocol was made by a devision for Ga-rae temporarily established for the occasion. A total number of auspicious ceremony protocols of kings and crown princes amounts to 20 in the span of 279 years. Among the proposals, the wedding of Soon-jong in the Imo Year of 1882 is described most thoroughly. Nap-bin-ui(reception of bride) comprises six rituals which are nap-chae, nap-jing, go-gyi, chaek-bin, chin-young, and dong-ryae. A grand formal costume of the crown prince is granted based on the 'Seven Parts Formal Costume' of the first year of the king Moon-jong in 1450 together with an official costume for crown prince(Gon-myeon-chil-jang) arranged in the third year of the king Young-rak. In the royal palace of the Chosun Dynasty, the granted formal costume of the crown prince is officially recorded as a code and presented in a Gwon-ji-il section of the Formalities of the Five National Ceremonies. The formal costume and its accessory set for the crown prince recorded as a code are described in Sangbang Jeong-ryae as the formal costume of the crown prince section published by the king's request at the high senate commission in the 28th year of the king Young-jo in 1752. The aim of the study is to investigate the formal costume of the crown prince as an auspicious ceremonial costume worn at the wedding in the year of Imo.

• Atmosphere
• /
• v.23 no.4
• /
• pp.519-526
• /
• 2013

This study aims to analyze the vertical distribution of Asian dust measured by LIDARs at three weather stations in Baengnyeongdo (BND), Munsan (MS), and Gunsan (GS) during 10~11 May 2010, and thereby investigate their effectiveness. Asian dust passed through from central to south-western part of Korea. Although dust particles were detected over the surface in MS and GS, LIDAR data showed that the Asian dust with non-spherical particles was observed in all of the three regions. It seems that the naked-eye observation could not detect dust over the surface of BND due to the temperature inversion below a height of 0.45 km. During the Asian dust events, the duration time of dust presented 9.5 hr (BND), 19.5 hr (MS), and 24.5 hr (GS), respectively with the longest time in GS, whereas dust altitudes ranged from 0.4 to 1.3 km (BND), 0.1 to 2.8 km and 4.1 to 4.2 km (MS), and 0.2 to 2.0 km (GS), respectively, while showing the highest altitude in MS. Aerosol optical thickness (AOT) retrieved by LIDAR and skyradiometer (SR), located close to the LIDAR sites, was compared. MS (LIDAR) and Seoul (SR) attained the AOT of 0.64 and 0.50, and GS (LIDAR) and Gongju (SR) attained the AOT of 0.38 and 0.54, respectively. As SR-derived angstrom exponents (AE) during the time period determined as Asian dust by LIDAR data were 0.17 in Seoul (near MS) and 0.30 in Gongju (near GS), it can be said that the characteristics of dust particles were appeared. During the study period, depolarization ratio could serve as a useful indicator to determine dust aerosol. But, it still seems essential to conduct further investigation with longer period of data to better describe the discrepancy of AOT between LIDARs and SR.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
• /
• v.18 no.1
• /
• pp.135-151
• /
• 2015

DMZ is considered as an ecologically sensitive landscape and one of the highest biodiversity regions in the Republic of Korea. There have been, albeit the significant value, increased interests in developing this region for a variety of purposes including tourism and commemorative events. As this region has been already facing a range of problems derived from previous development, natural disaster and invasive species, the necessity for active management of ecological health within this region has been increased, which weighs the importance of executing ecological restoration. The objective of this study was to develop evaluation indices as an effective management means of properly evaluating ecological restoration and sustainably maintaining the restored conditions on a long-term scale. Through literature review existing evaluation indices related to restoration were collected, and then the most suitable indices were selected based upon two interviews and one questionnaire survey targeting experts in the relevant field to ecological restoration. They were categorized by two major division and their subclasses (Ecological base - vegetation structure & composition, habitat characteristics, soil environment; landscape ecology - connectivity, landscape patch, boundary & surrounding) and 40 indices. These indices were considered helpful to comprehensively evaluate ecological restoration on degraded environments within ecologically sensitive areas, and sustainably manage target areas by employing a long-term monitoring approach. As this result played a meaningful role in providing the fundamentals of evaluating ecological restoration, it should develop a suitable evaluation system through further research.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
• /
• v.15 no.2
• /
• pp.17-33
• /
• 1990

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the fracture toughness of dental composite resins and to investigate the filler factor affecting the fracture behaviour on which the degree of fracture toughness depends. Six kinds of commercially available composite resin;, including two of each macrofilled, microfilled, and hybrid type were used for this study, The plane strain fracture toughness ($K_{10}$) was determined by three-point bending test using the single edge notch specimen according to the ASTM-E399. The specimens were fabricated with visible light curing or self curing of each composite resin previously inserted into a metal mold, and three-point bending test was conducted with cross-head speed of 0.1mm/min following a day's storage of the specimens in $37^{\circ}C$ distilled water. The filler volume fractions were determined by the standard ashing test according to the ISO-4049. Acoustic Emission(AE), a nondestructive testing method detecting the elastic wave released from the localized sources In material under a certain stress, was detected during three-point bending test and its analyzed data was compared with, canning electron fractographs of each specimen. The results were as follows : 1. The filler content of composite resin material was found to be highest in the hybrid type followed by the macrofilled type, and the microfilled type. 2. It was found that the value of plane strain fracture toughness of composite resin material was in the range from 0.69 MPa$\sqrt{m}$ to 1 46 MPa$\sqrt{m}$ and highest In the macrofilled type followed by the hybrid type, and the microfilled type. 3. The consequence of Acoustic Emission analysis revealed that the plane strain fracture toughness increased according as the count of Acoustic Emission events increased. 4. The higher the plane strain fracture toughness became, the higher degree of surface roughness and irregularity the fractographs demonstrated.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
• /
• v.5 no.4
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 2002

Comparison between the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission(TRMM)/Precipitation Radar(PR) and the C-band doppler radar at Cheju, Kunsan and Pusan, operated by the Korean Meteorological Administration (KMA), is conducted for validation of the surface precipitation structure, and for calibration of KMA radar instrument. Data used in validation was selected for seven rain events in the south region of about $36^{\circ}N$ and at TRMM overflight in Korea, during the summer season of 2000. Quantitatively comparing radar reflectivities from two different platforms that have different view angles, bandwidths and frequencies is a challenging task. For the comparison, the precipitation patterns are projected on the same area for TRMM PR. Through the comparison, it is realized that the reflectivity from ground-based radar is under estimated, compared to TRMM/PR observations. We discuss that is underestimation may be produced by many factors(system performance, topography, etc).

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
• /
• v.30 no.1
• /
• pp.25-32
• /
• 2013

We statistically investigated the properties of low-latitude Pi2 pulsations using Bohyun (BOH, Mlat = $29.8^{\circ}$, L = 1.35) ground magnetometer data in 2008. For this 1-year interval, 582 Pi2 events were identified when BOH was in the nightside from 1800 to 0600 local times. We found the following Pi2 characteristics. (1) The occurrence distribution of Pi2s is relatively constant in local times. (2) The Pi2 frequency varies in local times. That is, Pi2 pulsations in postmidnight sector had higher frequency than in premidnight sector. (3) Pi2 power in premidnight sector is stronger than in postmidnight sector. (4) Pi2 frequency has positive correlation with solar wind speed and AE index. (5) Pi2 power has not a clear correlation with solar wind parameters. This indicates that Pi2 power is not controlled by external sources. (6) It is found that the most probable-time between Pi2 onsets is ${\Delta}t$ ~ 37.5 min: This is interpreted to be the period between Pi2 pulsations when they occur cyclically. We suggest that ${\Delta}t$ ~ 37.5 min is the occurrence rate of reconnection of open field lines in the tail lobe.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
• /
• v.45 no.6
• /
• pp.721-734
• /
• 2010

This study suggests two kinds of policies to strengthen the national land education in Korea. One is the substantiality of school education on the national land. Korea Should take the national land education by the way of teaching the national and worldwide geography in schools, so that Korea can get to the place of advanced countries like Germany, France, England, and the USA. The other is the strengtheness of citizens education on the national land. We can have the thorough knowledge of the natinal land by the three methods, including the establishment of the Citizens University of the National Land, the arrangement of Various national land events, and the book publication and portal site management of the national land.

• Perspectives in Nursing Science
• /
• v.6 no.1
• /
• pp.21-37
• /
• 2009

The purpose of this GWP project was two-fold:(1) to launch an organizational culture improvement for great workplace (2) to improve the perception of nursing personnel on communication and team work in a surgical nursing department of a teaching hospital in Seoul. Using one group pretest-posttest design, nursing personnel's perception on organizational culture related to communication and team work was evaluated. A 10-item, 5-point scale (1.5) survey was administered to 209 nursing personnel in January 2009 and again to 191 nursing personnel in October 2009. From January 2009, AMANNA team has taken activities focused on trust, pride, and fun. AMANNA is an abbreviation of Korean language, which means wonderful meeting and sharing in English. Monthly activities are as follows: choral concerts by nurse managers, welcome and farewell events, praising members for their services, explaining current circumstances, etc. Special activities are as follows: a New Year's greeting party, a spring picnic, beauty classes, a lecture on drug administration, cultural lectures using videos, and presentations of academic posters and another activity. The reliability of measurement was Cronbach's ${\alpha}$: 0.917(pretest), 0.954(posttest). Most nursing personnel's perception on organizational culture was improved (pretest mean=3.50 and posttest mean=3.78, p<.001). "A sense of belonging" showed the greatest improvement among the 10 items(3.18 vs. 3.56, p<.001). "Trust each other" showed the highest score (mean=3.98) in posttest. Frequency of participation and satisfaction showed a significant relationship(r=0.179, p=.021). We believe that this project has made a contribution towards a positive organizational culture. The keys to this initiative's preliminary success have been the leadership support and flexibility in implementing the interventions tailored to the hospital.